Penetration of a cumulative jet into a barrier

A solution is given to the problem of the penetration of a cumulative jet with an arbitrary distribution of the velocity along it, taking account of the strength properties of the barrier. Using the example of a jet with a linear distribution of the velocity, the article demonstrates the possibility of obtaining a large puncturing capacity due to a change in the gradient along the jet as a function of the physicomechanical properties of the barrier and the jet. In addition, a distribution of the velocity along the jet is obtained which assures a maximal penetration in a barrier, arranged at a distance where a limiting elongation is not attained either partially or completely over the whole jet.     

Phenomenological theory for polymer diffusion in non-homogeneous velocity-gradient flows

The present study concerns the phenomenon of flow-induced polymer migration. It is shown that Tirrell's diffusion flux can be deduced from a macroscopic modelling which involves second-order gradients and a vectorial internal variable related to the microstructure. In contrast to Tirrell's model, however, a migration may also occur across straight streamlines. The flow down an inclined plane is examined by way of example. The roles played by the microstructure and the second gradients, respectively, are thus exhibited.     

Penetration of a copper rod into a sandy target

This paper presents the results of experimental and theoretical studies of high-velocity penetration of cylindrical copper rods into sand. The hydrodynamic Alekseevskii-Tate theory is modified to determine the penetration depth and wear velocity of the material of the rod penetrating into soil target in the plastic and hydrodynamic stages of penetration. The case where the target material is significantly less strong than the rod (impactor) material is considered.     

Penetration of intense pulsed magnetic fields into a conductor

Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Mekhaniki i Tekhnicheskoi Fiziki, No. 5, pp. 7–12, September–October, 1989.     

Penetration of a plate into the half-plane of a supersonic flow

We consider the two-dimensional self-similar problem of uniform entry of a profile with plane nose section into a half-plane of a homogeneous stream of an ideal perfect gas. For the flow scheme with a single detached shock wave and a parabolic degeneration line emanating from the corner of the body, a numerical solution is obtained for the problem in the elliptic region using the method of integral relations.The author wishes to thank A. N. Minailos for helpful discussions of this study.     

Penetration of a rigid cone into a plastic orthotropic half space

Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Mekhaniki i Tekhnicheskoi Fiziki, No. 5, pp. 159–163, September–October, 1991.     

Penetration of a body of revolution into an elastoplastic medium

We consider a model of spatial motion of a body of revolution in a weak soil-type medium with nonsymmetric flow separation taken into account. We obtain a system of equations describing the entry and penetration of a thin body into a half-space. We calibrate the model by comparing it with experiments on penetration of thin cones into plasticine. Test computations show that the model describes complex body motion trajectories for various angles of entry into the target with adequate accuracy.     

双材质复合射流对混凝土的侵彻

为了增大射流对混凝土靶板的开孔直径,并保证侵彻深度满足要求,在传统铜质药型罩与空气接触的一侧增加了铝质药型罩,这样在炸药爆炸驱动下形成内芯由高密度材料、外层由低密度材料组成的双材质复合射流,增大了射流直径。并根据双材质复合射流的侵彻特点,分析了侵彻过程中单质射流侵彻、双滞止点侵彻和单滞止点侵彻下的混凝土开孔直径。X射线实验显示：双材质复合射流成型形态良好,铝罩较厚时射流直径增大;在实验范围内,随着铝罩厚度的增加开孔直径有所增大,并且满足侵彻深度要求。对双材质复合射流的侵彻过程进行了理论计算,实验与计算孔形较好吻合。

     

Penetration of Solid Bodies into Concrete

The results of an experimental study of quasistatic and dynamic penetration of solids into sand concrete are presented.Cylindrical bodies with conical tips and a ball were used. The resistance forces are compared for the taper angles of 180?, 90?, 60?, 30?, 9.5? and a ball. The flow character in the quasistatic immersion regime and in dynamic immersion due to inertia is determined.     

Penetration depth of a jet injected into an oncoming supersonic flow

The geometrical characteristics of jets injected through an opening in a flat plate into an oncoming supersonic flow have been studied on a number of occasions [1, 3]. However, the results were analyzed under different suppositions about the important dimensionless parameters. In [1], the degree of underexpansion of the jet, characterized by n = p _a /p, was regarded as decisive; in [3], the experimental points were plotted against the relative dynamic head _a u² _a /(u² ) of the jet. In the present paper, dimensional considerations are used to determine the dimensionless parameters which influence the flow field when an injected jet interacts with an oncoming supersonic gas flow. The influence of these determining dimensionless parameters on the depth of penetration of injected jets into a flow was investigated experimentally. It is shown that the relative depth of penetration is determined basically by the relative specific impulse of the jet, the injection angle, and the shape of the blowing nozzle section.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 4, pp. 151–154, July–August, 1980.     

球形颗粒遮弹层对高速侵彻弹体的作用机理

在钻地弹威慑之下,重要目标工事外覆盖遮弹层是常见加固和防护手段。硬质球形颗粒（以下简称颗粒）是常见的遮弹层组成结构。本文中将研究高速侵彻弹体与颗粒作用机理,分析遮弹效率的控制因素。首先,基于动态空腔膨胀理论,计及靶的自由面效应和颗粒强度差异,建立了靶对弹体侵彻阻力的表征模型。然后,采用弹靶分离计算方法,模拟并分析了斜侵彻含球形颗粒有限大高强混凝土时弹体的运动与变形,研究颗粒的强度、位置及尺寸对来袭弹侵彻行为的影响规律。结果表明,颗粒的遮弹作用主要取决于与其作用时弹体的姿态,其随颗粒位置变化无明显规律;颗粒强度越高,遮弹效果越好;颗粒半径从1倍到10倍弹径变化时,颗粒对弹体的作用机理从弹道偏转为主转变为弹道偏转与侵彻阻力增加两者耦合。因此,为达到良好的遮弹效果,单层球形颗粒密排遮弹层的颗粒半径建议在5倍弹体直径之上;若采用较小颗粒制作遮弹层,建议采用多层错排方式,且遮弹层厚度须在10倍弹径之上。

     

新型头形弹体对混凝土的侵彻

针对几种典型的新型头形弹体开展了对抗压强度为9.0、28.4MPa的混凝土靶的侵彻实验,通过观测回收弹体和解剖靶体,初步认识了新型头形弹体侵彻混凝土介质的侵彻机理。在此基础上,提出了混凝土强度弱化量纲一因子S2和头部小圆柱侵彻开孔半径bt,并基于空腔膨胀理论初步建立了新型头形弹体侵彻混凝土介质的理论分析模型。结果表明,对28.4MPa混凝土,理论预测结果与实验数据具有较好的一致性;对9.0MPa混凝土,理论预测结果与实验数据具有一定偏差,但仍可基本反映新型头形弹体的侵彻规律。最后分析了提高新型头形弹体侵彻性能的2个途径:减小S2和增大bt。     

Penetration of a rigid shell into a steel obstacle at moderate impact velocities

The effect of the impact velocity and shape of the head of a rigid shell of caliber 20mm on the depth of its penetration into a thick obstacle made of mild low-carbon steel for impact velocities of up to 600m/sec is studied experimentally. Experimental relations between the penetration depth and the impact velocity are obtained for shells with conical and semispherical heads. It is found that for a penetration depth equal to 1 or 2 calibers, the penetration resistance does not depend on the head shape and is characterized by an average stress equal to 2.98GPa. Institute of Experimental Physics, Sarov 607190. Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 38–40, January–February, 2000.