1H/31P双核并行磁共振成像线圈的研究与设计

本文通过对鸟笼线圈原理和阵列线圈去耦原理的分析,提出了一种适用于自主研发的多核并行磁共振成像（MRI）系统的双核并行成像线圈设计方案,并在电感去耦的基础上提出LC并联trap去耦法,提高了去耦方法的可适性．依据设计方案制作了¹H/³¹P双核并行成像线圈,并将其应用于4.7 T磁体系统,利用自主研发的多核并行MRI系统进行了并行成像实验测试,成功获得了¹H和³¹P的并行磁共振图像,验证了设计方案的可行性．     

Design and Demonstration of Four-Channel Received Coil Arrays for Vertical-Field MRI

The layout of radio-frequency received coils is related to signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this paper, different structures of four-channel received coil arrays for vertical-field MRI are constructed and optimized by establishing the relationship between coil geometry and SNR to achieve a high SNR and a uniform SNR distribution in the region of interest (ROI). Then, the SNR distributions of three optimized configurations, including rectangular loops, non-definite shape surface coils, and solenoid loops as the main unit, are simulated and compared. The four-channel coil of solenoid loops as the main unit has been found to have the best performance with the highest mean SNR in the ROI when imaging without acceleration. In addition, g-factor and 2D SENSE SNR in yoz-plane are simply analyzed, which show a sharp decrease in SNR for all the coils. Finally, all the coils are manufactured and operated at a 0.5 T permanent magnet MRI system with phantom and joint imaging experiments. Using pixel-by-pixel manner to evaluate SNR map, the experimental results are consistent with the simulation results, while parallel imaging experiment results show that the major consideration in low field MRI is the improvement of SNR value and uniformity rather than that of the imaging speed. As different constructions of four-channel received coils are investigated, we have found the most effective configuration with high and uniform SNR for vertical-field MRI.     

Current CONtrolled Transmit And Receive Coil Elements (C2ONTAR) for Parallel Acquisition and Parallel Excitation Techniques at High-Field MRI

A novel intrinsically decoupled transmit and receive radio-frequency coil element is presented for applications in parallel imaging and parallel excitation techniques in high-field magnetic resonance imaging. Decoupling is achieved by a twofold strategy: during transmission elements are driven by current sources, while during signal reception resonant elements are switched to a high input impedance preamplifier. To avoid B(0) distortions by magnetic impurities or DC currents a resonant transmission line is used to relocate electronic components from the vicinity of the imaged object. The performance of a four-element array for 3 T magnetic resonance tomograph is analyzed by means of simulation, measurements of electromagnetic fields and bench experiments. The feasibility of parallel acquisition and parallel excitation is demonstrated and compared to that of a conventional power source-driven array of equivalent geometry. Due to their intrinsic decoupling the current-controlled elements are ideal basic building blocks for multi-element transmit and receive arrays of flexible geometry.     

Two Configurations of the Four-Ring Birdcage Coil for 1H Imaging and 1H-Decoupled 31P Spectroscopy of the Human Head

The four-ring birdcage resonator, a new class of dual-tuned birdeage resonators, is described. We report two configurations of the coil: the low-pass, high-pass (LP-HP) and the low-pass, low-pass (LP-LP), both of which can be operated in dual quadrature mode at 1.5 T. As head coils, both configurations exhibit greatly reduced tuning interactions between frequencies, permitting rapid, noniterative tuning. Compared with single-tuned, two-ring birdcage resonators of similar volume, the sensitivity and transmitter efficiencies of the resonators are better than 85% for the proton frequency and the same to within 5% for the phosphorus frequency. Circuit models have been developed to refine coil tuning and aid the calculation of B₁ field contour plots. Both configurations have been used for integrated examinations involving acquisition of high-quality ¹H images and ¹H-decoupled ³¹P CSI spectra of the human head. A scaled-down version of the LP-LP configuration has been demonstrated for use with the human calf.     

多航天器并行测试综合显示平台的设计与实现

为解决载人航天器并行测试遥测数据集中判读和关联分析问题,提出一种支持多航天器并行测试的综合显示平台设计方法。对多航天器并行测试方案进行研究,对综合显示平台总体架构进行设计。平台采用插件式程序架构便于功能扩展,采用脚本引擎技术提高平台可配置性,采用MVC设计模式增加页面编辑的可维护性,采用多线程技术和定时器策略实现海量数据的实时显示。平台具备图形页面、列表页面、曲线页面显示功能,可以实现常规数值显示、报警监视及源码、序列显示,同时,支持测试数据本地保存与回放判读。综合显示平台已应用于载人航天器全阶段地面测试和某型号航天器在轨交会对接任务中,应用效果良好。     

低场MRI系统中2通道脊椎线圈的研制

实现了用于低场磁共振成像系统的２通道脊椎线圈,它的基本结构是两个8字型的表面线圈．另外,讨论了射频线圈的去耦问题,最后在永磁0.3T磁共振成像系统上进行了实验．     

Computational Analysis of a Radiofrequency Knee Coil for Low-Field MRI Using FDTD

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is essential for the diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal conditions. Low-field (<0.5T) imaging is a cost-effective alternative to more expensive high-field strength imaging due to the inexpensive setting, greater patient comfort and better safety profile. On the other hand, if compared with high-field body scanners, the low-field scanners produce poor-quality images with lower signal-to-noise ratio. Especially in low-field MR, receiver coil performance plays a significant role in image quality. Coil performance is generally evaluated using classical electromagnetic theory, but when the coil is loaded with a sample, an analytical solution is extremely difficult to derive, so that a trial-and-error approach is often followed. Numerical methods have been proposed in literature as good alternatives to predict MRI coil performance. In this study the performance of a knee coil for low-field (0.5 T) MR scanners is analyzed using workbench tests and numerical simulation with a software program based on the finite difference time domain method. Parameter performances measured using the classical workbench test are compared with those obtained using numerical simulations. Finally, the knee coil performance is validated with images acquired in a commercial low-field MR system.     

基于深度递归级联卷积神经网络的并行磁共振成像方法

快速磁共振成像是磁共振研究领域重要的课题之一.随着大数据和深度学习的兴起,神经网络成为快速磁共振技术的重要方法.然而网络性能表现和网络参数量之间较难取得平衡,且对于多通道数据重建的并行成像问题,相关研究较少.本文构建了一种深度递归级联卷积神经网络结构,用于处理并行成像问题.这种网络结构在减少网络参数量的同时,能够尽可能地提高网络的表达能力,提高网络重建的精确度.实验结果表明,相较于传统并行成像方法,通过训练好的神经网络对欠采样磁共振数据进行重建,可以得到更准确的重建结果,且重建时间大大缩短.     

颗粒圆孔射流碰撞并行直接数值模拟算法研究

本文对空间模式发展的颗粒圆孔射流碰撞进行了并行直接数值模拟算法研究。气相采用可压缩的N-S方程直接求解。颗粒相采用Lagrangian方法跟踪实际的颗粒运动。利用并行求解算法,实现了颗粒穿越边界面的模拟以及高效颗粒碰撞算法。考虑了颗粒和流体的双相耦合以及颗粒之间的碰撞。在本文的计算条件下,颗粒的直径远小于网格的间距,平均的Kolmogorov尺度和网格的间距在一个量级。气相和颗粒相的应力与实验的对比研究表明,本文的颗粒并行程序是可信的。     

A Method for Accurate Calculation ofB1Fields in Three Dimensions. Effects of Shield Geometry on Field Strength and Homogeneity in the Birdcage Coil

A method for calculatingB₁field strength and homogeneity as functions of radiofrequency shield geometry is presented. The method requires use of three-dimensional finite-element analysis, birdcage-coil theory, and antenna-array theory. Calculations were performed for a 12-element birdcage coil (19 cm diameter, 21 cm length) at 125 MHz. CalculatedB₁field strengths and homogeneities for the coil in 25 different shields and in no shield are given. For configurations where the shield is longer than the coil, bothB₁field strength and homogeneity decrease as shield diameter decreases or as shield length increases. In configurations where the shield is shorter than the coil and has a diameter of 25.6 cm,B₁homogeneity is greater than in an unshielded coil.B₁field strength was measured experimentally at 125 MHz in a birdcage coil of the same geometry as the model within shields of four different diameters. Calculated results very closely matched experimental measurement.     

CRAFT TF Dummy 线圈 VPI 模具设计与分析

环向场(Toroidal Field, TF) 线圈是聚变堆主机关键系统综合研究设施(CRAFT) 的重要组成部分, 由CICC(Cable in Conduit Conductor) 导体完成线圈绕制, 通过真空压力浸渍(Vacuum Pressure Impregnation, VPI)完成线圈绝缘处理. 在树脂浸渍线圈绝缘层, 随后进行较长时间的高温固化, 以完全固化整个绝缘层的树脂. 在浸渍和固化过程中,VPI 模具不仅承受线圈本身的载荷, 还要承受大气压力、 内部打压、 热变形等. 为了保证线圈绝缘质量, 采用 CATIA 软件对 VPI 模具进行3D 建模, 并对 VPI 模具进行了 Ansys Workbench 有限元软件分析与校核. 分析表明,VPI 模具的设计合理, 为工程设计提供了理论和实践依据.     

FDTD Analysis of a Radiofrequency Knee Coil for Low-Field MRI: Sample-Induced Resistance and Decoupling Evaluation

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using high static field (>3T) generates high-quality images, thanks to high homogeneity in transmission as well as high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in reception. On the other hand, biological effects are proportional to the magnetic field strength and moreover the diagnostic accuracy is not always linked to high-quality imaging. For these reasons, the interest in low-field imaging becomes greater, also because of cheaper setting, greater patients comfort and more safety profile. In simple cases, as for surface coil, the coil performance is evaluated using classical electromagnetic theory, but for more complex geometry and in presence of a sample, is more difficult to evaluate the solution and often is necessary to follow a trial-and-error approach. Numerical methods represent a solution to this problem. In this work, we performed numerical simulation on a two-channel knee coil for low-field (0.5 T) MRI scanner. We are interested in seeing the effect of a sample placed inside the coil on the sample-induced resistance and decoupling between channels. In particular, we observe how the position of the sample inside the channel influences the resistance value and for performing this we compared an innovative method based on the exponential fitting on voltage oscillation damping with a validated method (estimation using quality factor). Finally, for the complete coil, the scatter parameters were calculated in loaded and unloaded conditions.     

并行MRI图像重建算法比较及软件实现

首先介绍了不加速的并行MRI图像重建方法,然后对加速的并行MRI的4种图像重建算法进行了比较,得出结论：加速因子相同时,重建质量上,GRAPPA和SENSE的重建质量最好,SMASH的重建质量次之, PILS算法对线圈位置要求极高,重建质量最差;重建速度上,SMASH的重建速度最快,其次是SENSE和PILS,GRAPPA的重建速度最慢. 当加速因子变大时,所有算法重建质量都变差. 最后介绍了算法实现软件,该软件可以读入原始数据,显示数据采集轨迹,计算线圈灵敏度,选择图像重建方法,分析和比较重建图像质量. 该软件为我国在MRI成像领域提供了一个学习和进一步研究图像重建算法的有力工具.     

综合核方法求解辐射输运问题的求积组选取

简要介绍求解辐射输运方程的综合核方法,分析计算误差和收敛性,提出新的求积组和误差修正方法,提高综合核方法的计算精度.通过对基准问题的计算比对表明,采用提出的求积组并通过误差修正,综合核方法在低阶时的结果具有较高的计算精度.     

低场核磁共振短死时间射频线圈与射频开关的设计

本文以核磁共振（NMR）射频线圈振铃信号产生原理为对象进行分析研究,提出了一种适用于低场环境下由环状间隙腔线圈与螺线管线圈构成的收发分离式短死时间射频线圈设计方案,采用优化调谐匹配网络提高发射效率;根据射频线圈方案需求设计了快速切换的射频开关及驱动．在此基础上依据仿真结果制作了短死时间射频线圈,并应用于自主研制的低场9.51 MHz便携式NMR谱仪系统,进行NMR实验,结果显示可将收发切换时间缩短至10 μs以内,验证了该设计方案的可行性．     

Space Division Multiple Access in MIMO Systems with Parallel Data Transmission

We study multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) cellular communication systems with antenna arrays at both link ends and parallel channels for data transmission. These channels (the so-called eigenchannels) are formed with the help of adaptive transmitting and receiving beamformer processors matched with a random fading environment. To increase the capacity of MIMO systems, we propose a space-division multiple-access (SDMA) method, which does not require estimation of signal-arrival directions and is based on orthogonalization of the parallel channels of all users. We find the signal-to-noise ratios at the eigenchannel outputs and the total capacity of a MIMO system in the case of simultaneous servicing of an arbitrary number of users. We present numerical results for the case of Rayleigh fading of signals, which confirm the high effectiveness of the proposed SDMA method.     

磁电弹性体中多条位错与Griffith裂纹

根据本征方程，研究磁电弹性体中若干平行螺型位错与Griffith裂纹的相互作用.结合Muskhelishvili方法和算子理论，得到磁电弹性体中由位错和裂纹所诱导的应力场、电场和磁场的解析解.数值算例表明：在裂纹的端点及位错点上仍然存在应力的奇异性，离位错点越远处广义力越小，结论与已有的结果相符，证明了结论的正确性.当位错点与裂纹端点距离越近时，裂纹与位错间的应力场越小，并逐渐趋近于零.     

便携式光纤电流互感器传感头设计

针对电解铝工业中大电流测量现场环境复杂的难题,在传统光纤电流互感器的基础上提出一种便携式光纤电流互感器.对设计安装过程中由于柔性传感头光路不闭合和导体偏心引起的法拉第相移误差进行分析和有限元仿真计算,结果表明:法拉第相移相对误差随传感头不闭合度角度线性增加,随导体到非闭合点的距离增大而减小,且增加传感头匝数能减小法拉第相移误差.由于便携式光纤电流互感器准确度随导体到非闭合点的距离增大而提高,设计了一种使传感头非闭合点向一端延伸且易拆装的结构,实验测试得到该便携式光纤电流互感器的全温准确度为0.86%,满足电解铝厂准确度1%的使用要求.