聚吡咯(PPy)对细菌视紫红质(bR)的光电性能的影响

细菌视紫红质(bacteriorhodopsin,用bR表示)是嗜盐菌(halobacterium halobium)紫膜中发现的唯一蛋白质,由于具有独特质子泵和光色互变功能以及高稳定性,而成为理想的生物材料。在光照下,它产生典型的微分脉冲电信号^[1],而且响应快,这对于它在信息存储、仿视觉系统等应用方面有极大的应用前景。     

CeO2纳米晶修饰的细菌视紫红质薄膜M态寿命的研究

紫膜中的蛋白质细菌视紫红质(bR)具有独特的光循环和光致变色特性 ,在分子电子学和生物电子技术领域具有广泛的潜在应用价值. 本文采用稀土纳米晶CeO₂对细菌视紫红质 聚乙烯醇(bR-PVA)薄膜进行化学修饰 .研究了纳米晶对bR光循环中的重要中间态M态的寿命的影响. 发现上述稀土纳米晶可延长M态寿命, 且晶粒尺寸越小对M态寿命的影响越大. 纳米晶周围的羟基有助于阻碍席夫碱获得质子, 从而使M态寿命延长.     

利用化学修饰的细菌视紫红质薄膜进行光学信息存储的研究

细菌视紫红质(bacteriorhodopsin,bR)具有独特的光、化学和热稳定性.bR光循环中间态M态的最大吸收峰相对于始态明显地发生蓝移,所以基于bR(→)M的光致变色模型可以为光学应用尤其是信息存储提供一个机制.但是野生型bR 中M态的寿命很短,不适合用来进行信息存储.本文采用化学添加剂的方法,将bR/聚乙烯醇(PVA)薄膜的中间态M态的寿命显著延长.用此化学修饰的bR薄膜作为记录介质进行缩微图像存储,所得到的图像具有较高的对比度和较长的保存时间.此实验首次实现了在化学修饰的bR薄膜上基于bR始态和中间态M态的双稳态模型在光学信息存储上的应用.     

细菌视紫红质LB膜在ITO电极上的光电化学性质

利用Langmuir-Blodgett技术,可在ITO导电玻璃上沉积出含有细菌视紫红质的紫膜碎片LB膜。紫膜LB膜与电解质相接触,可组成夹层光电池:ITO/bR/电解质/ITO.在可见光照射下,光电池表现出对光强变化所产生的微分响应电流信号,具有仿视觉特征。利用微分响应现象研制了光敏报警器。     

12,14-二羟基紫韧革烯的分离和结构测定

由紫韧革菌(Stereum purpureum)代谢产物中分离出一个新的三环倍半萜烯醇(sterpurenol), 12,14-二羟基紫韧革烯。用二维核磁共振确定了它具有紫韧革烯(sterpurene,1)的骨架及它的整个分子结构。     

生物光化学中的几个问题

生物光化学是光生物学的基础。生物光化学归根结底是光感受体(即感光的物质)的光化学。但是光感受体范围极广,功能各异,例如有感受紫外光的生物大分子(如蛋白质与核酸);有感受长波紫外光的糠香豆素类物质;有感受可见光的视紫质类物质(如视觉中的视紫质,嗜盐菌紫膜中的菌紫质);植物光合作用的叶绿素以及执行光形态建成的光敏色素等等。     

一种新的生物光学材料——嗜菌紫质的性质及应用

本文主要介绍一种光敏蛋白──嗜菌紫质的结构、性质及其适于光学应用的一些特点。简要综述了嗜菌紫质膜的制备、嗜菌紫质在膜中的定向以及对嗜菌紫质的化学和遗传学修饰。     

嗜盐菌光敏蛋白的提纯方法

对近年来文献中关于嗜盐菌光敏蛋白的提纯方法进行了总结和比较.细菌视紫红质(bR)的提纯主要用凝胶色谱柱的方法,而另外两种感觉视紫红质(SRⅠ和SRⅡ)要依靠高水平的蛋白质表达技术,然后再用Ni亲和层析色谱的方法提纯.由于光敏蛋白是一类具有光活性的蛋白,获得既保持其光活性又具有高纯度的蛋白质晶体是件相当困难的事.     

电沉积紫膜薄膜中菌紫质的光电响应对N-端表面的金属阳离子浓度的依赖性

用不锈钢/电沉积紫膜薄膜/含水胶(电介质)/钢型菌紫质光电池研究了作用于N-端表面(紫膜外表面)的钾、镁、镧离子对菌紫质光电响应的影响。在所测条件下光电极性均与质子泵方向一致。光电压幅值是离子浓度依赖性的,对钾、镁、镧离子均存在极大值浓度,它们之间有数量级的差异;依赖性曲线趋势和极大值浓度均各自分别与溶液中菌紫质的质子泵效率对阳离子浓度的这种依赖性相一致。不过,光电响应对作用于C-端表面的这些离子不存在上述的浓度依赖性。上述的两种依赖性成相关性说明:电沉积紫膜薄膜中菌紫质的光电响应主要来自质子泵运而非非质子离子的贡献;存在一合适的离子浓度使菌紫质的光电响应有极大值。用质子泵结构域模型和扩散双电层理论对这种依赖性进行的讨论认为:金属阳离子的结合与屏蔽两种效应可以解释这种依赖性。     

细菌视紫红质／聚乙烯醇复合膜的制备及相关功能研究

细菌视紫红质（bR)是一种独特的光敏蛋白，具有光致变色和光驱质子泵功能 。将bR蛋白包埋于聚乙烯醇（PVA）基质中，制备了bR/PVA复合膜。利用紫外－可 见分光光度计和自制的毫秒级动力学光谱仪，检测了样品的吸收光谱和光循环M中 间体在脉冲光激发下随时间的变化；同时，利用凝胶扫描成像仪及相关分析软件考 察了样品成膜后的均匀程度。实验表明：bR/PVA复合膜具有良好的均匀性、透明性 和力学性能，而且bR蛋白保持了原有的生物活性和光学性质，bR与M中间体之间能 达到一种光可控制的双稳态，M中间体的寿命也得到了显著的延长，证实了bR可以 提供一个用于信息存储的模型材料。     

THE ELECTRICAL RESPONSE OF CEPHALOPOD VISUAL CELL MEMBRANE FRAGMENTS

Abstract— Microvilli membrane fragments of squid ( Todarodes pacificus ) visual cells were adsorbed onto an oil surface in an aqueous medium. An electrical conductance increase was observed on illuminating the adsorbed film, and photopotential responses were recorded in a salt free medium of pH below 6, or in a saline of pH over 6. These electrical photoresponses are discussed in relation to the late receptor potential of squid retina.     

不锈钢的光电响应测定

未经热或阳极氧化处理的不锈钢的光电响应极其微弱,测量很困难。至今,文献中尚未见有明确涵义的有关未经处理的不锈钢/溶液体系光电响应报道,仅等在这方面有过定性的研究,提及其为n型导电。本文采用了信号平均技术检测微弱的光响应,将多次信号叠加以提高其检测灵敏度。考虑到简化数据分析,用不含紫外光线的光源。在可见光谱段首次定量地测出了未经处理的1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢在溶液中的开路电极电势光响应(E_(ph,oc))波形、光电压波形峰-峰值(△V_(ph))～电极电势(E)的曲线,见图1和图2。     

STUDIES ON THE ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF FREE-STANDING FILMS OF POLYANILINE

An insulate to metal transition was investigated based on the measurements of the dependence of the conductivity, activation energy on the protonation state of polyaniline (PANI). An isotropy in conductivity for stretched salt form of PANI was observed.For salt film of PANI, the Ⅰ-Ⅴcurve obeys Ohm's law, which shows a typical metal behavior, however, for base film or film with low protonation state, it can be explained by Space Charge Limited Current (SCLC). It is also found that the Ⅰ-Ⅴcurve of base film of PANI is independent of the work function of electrodes and the polymerization temperature.     

CoO—CuO—SiO2三元系统着色涂层的研究

利用溶胶-凝胶法制备反射膜、抗反射膜以及着色涂层的研究近年来较引人注目。山本雄二等报道过CoO-SiO_2、CuO-SiO_2、NiO-SiO_2等二元系统着色涂层,涂层的颜色基本上与其中所包含的有色离子颜色相同。本文采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了CoO-CuO-SiO_2着色涂层,得到了具有Co~(2+)和Cu~(2+)的混合颜色的着色涂层,并确定了该体系的成膜区。     

COMPUTER SIMULATIONS OF FIGURE-GROUND DISCRIMINATION IN THE VISUAL SYSTEM OF THE FLY

Figure-ground discrimination and pattern discrimination represent one of the most important problems in computer vision. Based on computational neuronal network model proposed by Reichardt et al. for figure-ground discrimination in the visual system of the fly, entire systematic computer simulations were carried out under nonstationary conditions. Results show that the model network and simulations have predictive power for behavioural experimental results. This paper proposes that motion perception and elementary pattern discrimination in human visual system may be mediated by some kind of figure-ground system with movement detectors as input layer.     

Electrical Responses and Stable Behavior of Polyaniline-polyurethane Concave Lens Array Film in Electrolyte

We present a synthetic methodology of polyaniline-polyurethane(PANI-PU) copolymer using interfacial in situ polymerization. PANI-PU copolymer was obtained through in situ polymerization of aniline precursor and the concave lens array film was molded by water drops. The fabrication of unique structured film was obtained through a solvent evaporation self-formed system. The detailed nanostructures of the film were illustrated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) images, which showed homogeneous structure in a close-packed hexagonal arrangement. The dimension of well-structured hexagon ranged from 10.8 μm to 12.9 μm. Sensitive electrical responses of the concave lens array film resulted in the changes of swelling/shrinkage ratio in electrolyte under various conditions. Dimensional control of the film was achieved via adjusting a series of parameters including time, voltage, concentration and type of electrolyte. The electrical responses resulted rearranged molecular chain caused by redox reaction via powered PANI. Most importantly, the film maintained its response characteristics after 16 cycles. The high stability of film could be directly attributed to PU doping, which could help the PANI enhancing the mechanical strength and chemical solubility in solution.     

Association of collagen with calcium phosphate promoted osteogenic responses of osteoblast-like MG63 cells

In this investigation, the effects of the association of the collagen (COLL) molecules with the calcium phosphate (CaP) film were examined with respect to both the physicochemical properties of the CaP films and the osteoblast responses, such as the adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization. The COLL pre-adsorbed CaP film (CaPA) exhibited significant changes in the surface morphology compared to the COLL incorporated CaP film (CaPC). The adhesions of the osteoblast-like MG63 cells were similar on the CaPC or CaPA films. However, the proliferation of the MG63 cells on CaPC was comparable to CaP but considerably different than CaPA. The differentiation of the MG63 cells was greatly improved on CaPC and CaPA compared to CaP and more pronounced on CaPA. The presence of COLL within or on the CaP films significantly modulated the expression of the phenotypic genes, including osteopontin (OPN), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). The expression patterns of these genes elucidated that COLL that was present within or on the CaP film supported the osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. These positive effects were stronger for CaPA than CaPC. The bone-like nodules formed on all of the specimens. However, the mineralization of CaPC and CaPA was significantly higher than CaP, indicating that the association of CaP with COLL promoted the mineral deposition. Therefore, the association of the COLL molecules with the CaP film induced positive effects on the biomineralization. Overall, the incorporation of COLL efficiently enhanced the osteoblast responses of CaP. This system can be utilized in a drug delivery system using calcium phosphate. Although the incorporation effects were slightly higher for the osteoblast responses of CaPA than CaPC, CaPC can be used when the longer drug release times are desirable.     

PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECTS IN A BIMOLECULAR LIPID MEMBRANE IN THE PRESENCE OF LIGHT SENSITIVE INORGANIC IONS

Abstract— A new membrane photoeffect of high quantum efficiency is reported. The presence of a number of inorganic ions in the bathing solution of a bimolecular lipid film of oxidized cholesterol causes a change in the measured e.m.f. from -100 to -40 mV (photo e.m.f. effect) and increase in the conductivity by a factor of 100–200 (photoconductive effect) when the ions are excited by light. A model system, based upon the classical Becquerel Effect phenomenon of electronic charge injection into the membrane from electronically excited ions, is suggested and experiments verifying this model are reported. An extension of this model is used to suggest a new mechanism of the visual receptor process in biological photoreceptor structures.     

电化学沉积CdSe纳晶薄膜的性能及沉积机理

电化学沉积是半导体薄膜制备的一种简便方法,常用于Ⅱ-族化合物半导体薄膜的制备.通过电沉积条件的适当改变可成功地在导电衬底上制备半导体纳晶薄膜^[1].CdSe薄膜作为一种透光性好、导电性好的半导体材料,可进行光学性能和光电性能方面的研究,而半导体纳晶多孔电极的光电化学特性与体材料之间有很大不同.本文采用电化学沉积法制备了CdSe纳晶薄膜并研究了其性能,通过扫描隧道显微镜(STM)形貌分形分析进一步研究其沉积机理.     

What is the mechanism of soap film entrainment?

Classical Frankel's law describes the formation of soap films and their evolution upon pulling, a model situation of film dynamics in foams (formation, rheology, and destabilization). With the purpose of relating film pulling to foam dynamics, we have built a new setup able to give an instantaneous measurement of film thickness, thus allowing us to determine film thickness profile during pulling. We found that only the lower part of the film is of uniform thickness and follows Frankel's law, provided the entrainment velocity is small. We show that this is due to confinement effects: there is not enough surfactant in the bulk to fully cover the newly created surfaces which results in immobile film surfaces. At large velocities, surfaces become mobile and then Frankel's law breaks down, leading to a faster drainage and thus to a nonstationary thickness at the bottom of the film. These findings should help in understanding the large dispersion of previous experimental data reported during the last 40 years and clarifying the pulling phenomenon of thin liquid films.