RAMAN STUDIES ON THE PHASE TRANSITIONS OF (NH4)2SnBr6 CRYSTALS

We report here the structural phase transitions of the crystal (NH₄)₂SnBr₆ investigated by Raman scattering at temperatures ranging from 10K to room temperature. Two phase transitions occurring at 150 and ll0K are found. Based on the group theory, it is proposed that the crystal undergoes a second-order phase transition at 150 K, resulting from a ferro-distortion with symmetry Γ⁴⁺. The change of structure is confirmed to be O⁵_h to C⁵_4h, which is assigned to the rotary of [SnBr₆]^2- ion groups around the axis of <001>. Furthermore the crystal undergoes an order-disorder phase transition at ll0K which is related with the reorientation of the ammonium ion group. It is noticed that the change of the vibrational modes at 77K does not show any phase transition.     

LiIO3晶体相变的研究

本文用差热分析、恒温热处理、室温及高温X射线衍射等方法,对LiIO₃晶体的相变问题进行了研究。弄清了升温过程中γ相的本质,它是并没有稳定存在的温度区间,只能在一定温度范围,一定时间内存在的,从α相转变为β相的过渡相。熔态LiIO₃的冷凝过程不同于固态升温过程;这里存在着另一些新相——δ相。由于冷凝条件不同,因而结构也不尽相同,这些δ相在继续冷却时大部分转变为α相,但在未转变为α相之前,再度升温时,则转变为β相。从高温X射线衍射发现:差热分析曲线上所示的α←→γ和δ→α的相变温度是出现新相的温度,这时还伴随着大量的原有相的衍射线,随着时间的延长和温度的改变,原来的相才逐渐消失。同时也证实了γ→β的相变过程需要保温时间和β相的下种自催化作用。     

LiIO_3晶体相变的研究

本文用差热分析、恒温热处理、室温及高温x 射线衍射等方法, 对LIIO_3 晶体的相变问题进行了研究. 弄清了升温过程中r相的本质, 它是井没有稳定存在的温度区间, 只能在一定温度范围, 一定时间内存在的, 从第一 相转变为第二 相的过渡相. 熔态LiI03的冷凝过程不同于固态升温过程; 这里存在着另一些新相. 由于冷凝条件不同, 因而结构也不尽相同, 这些新相在继续冷却时大部分转变为第一 相, 但在未转变为第一相之前, 再度升温时, 则转变为第二相. 从高温X 射线衍射发现: 差热分析曲线上所示的的相变温度是出现新相的温度, 这时还伴随着大量的原有相的衍射线, 随着时间的延长和温度的改变。原来的相才逐渐消失.同时也证实了相变过程需要保温时间和第二相的下种自催化作用. 关键词：     

STUDIES ON THE BEHAVIOR OF THE INTERNAL VIBRATIONAL MODES IN (NH4)2TexSn1-xCl6 MIXED CRYSTALS

The behavior of the internal lattice vibrational modes in (NH4)2TexSn1-xCl6 mixed crystals has been investigated by Raman scattering. All of the Raman-active [MX6]2- internal modes show two-mode property in the mixed crystals with compositions from x?=?0 to 1, and apart from the sample with x?=?0.5, their energy positions are composition-independent. Space group calculations including site symmetry considerations and frequency fittings describe a good force field model. It has been demonstrated that the composition-independent two-mode behavior may come from the strong clustering effect, rather than from the character of the gap and local modes of impurities in mixed crystals. For the sample with x?=?0.5, the two component elements seem to form a pseudo-periodic lattice structure.     

碘酸镁晶体的结构与相变

本文用差热分析、高温和室温X射线衍射分析等方法研究了Mg(IO₃)₂·4H₂O的相变过程: Mg(IO₃)₂·4H₂O晶体属单斜晶系,空间群为P2或Pm,每个晶胞含有两个化合式量,点阵常数为a=8.307?,b=6.627?,c=8.541?,β=1.00°45′。我们用X射线粉末法测定了α-Mg(IO₃)₂的晶体结构。α-Mg(IO₃)₂属六角晶系,其空间群是P6₃。在14℃的点阵参数为a=5.4777?,c=5.1282?,c/a=0.9362。每个单胞含一个化合式量,6O^II占据在6(c)等效位置上,21^V占据在2(b)等效位置上,Mg⁺⁺无序地占据着2(a)等效位置的一半。其原子参数为x_c=0.096,y_c=0.344,z_c=0.162,z_b=0,z_a=0.981。从结构来看,它与α-LiIO₃同晶型,所不同的是2(a)位置只有一半被Mg⁺⁺离子占据着,另一半为空位。 关键词：     

Proton double quantum coherence and cross-relaxation in (NH4)2SnBr6

A proton double quantum coherence signal can be observed exclusively from the T species NH4 groups (with the total spin I = 1) in ammonium compounds at low temperatures by the three-pulse sequence 90x degrees - tpr - 90x degrees - tev - 90x degrees - ta, where tpr and ta are of the magnitude of the inverse line width and tev very short. The usefulness of this pulse sequence, preceded by the additional pulse sequence 90x degrees - t1 -90(-x) degrees - t2 for creating an unbalance between the A and T species magnetizations, was demonstrated by applying it to cross-relaxation studies in (NH4)2SnBr6.     

电子关联作用对Jahn-Teller效应引起的结构相变的影响

本文从考虑集体Jahn-Teller效应和电子关联作用的哈密顿量出发,研究Jahn-Teller效应所致的结构相变行为随作用量中各参量的变化情况。根据这些参量的不同选择,得到三种结果:(1)体系仅存在对称破缺的一个相变点;(2)体系在高温时存在对称破缺的相变,在低温时对称性又回复;(3)不存在结构相变。 关键词：     

Sr2Bi4Ti5O18的压致结构相变

 使用4∶1的甲醇-乙醇混合液作传压介质，利用金刚石对顶砧装置（DAC），研究了层状铁电体Sr₂Bi₄Ti₅O₁₈的在位高压拉曼光谱和压致结构相变（0～27 GPa）。发现在8.31 GPa，Sr₂Bi₄Ti₅O₁₈经历了一次结构相交。在23.13 GPa以上，Sr₂Bi₄Ti₅O₁₈似乎出现了压致非晶相交的先兆。并使用内模方法对Sr₂Bi₄Ti₅O₁₈的内模进行了指认。     

ON THE DYNAMIC EFFECT IN PHASE TRANSITIONS OF FINITE SYSTEMS—ILLUSTRATED WITH A TWO-LEVEL SP(4)MODEL

The phase transition of the two-level SP(4) model was investigated. By comparing the exact results with the approximate results of the static mean field theory, the importance of the dynamic effect in phase transitions of finite systems is exhibited.     

GaxIn1—xP混晶的拉曼散射研究

本文报道了Ga_xIn_(1-x)P混晶的室温拉曼散射和X射线衍射的测试结果。所用的样品用MOCVD方法生长在<100>晶向的GaAs衬底上。混晶组分x值在0.54～0.95之间。实验结果表明,Ga_xIn_(1-x)P混晶的长波长光学声子谱呈现修正的双模行为,具有类GaP和类InP两个光学支。     

光束通过碘酸钾单晶产生的衍射花样及其与相变的依存关系

实验观察到了激光束通过KIO₃单晶时产生的偏振态改变90°的衍射带和衍射斑。研究了从室温到240℃温度范围内衍射光强随晶体温度的变化,当T=72℃时衍射光强突然急剧增加,T=212℃时衍射光强几乎减小到零,T>212℃时观察不到衍射光,72℃和212℃分别与有关文献报道的KIO₃的两个相变温度相同。 关键词：     

钠原子高里德伯态跃迁的模型势研究

应用我们提出的ｋ系数方法［物理学报，４２（１９９３），７２７］，使用最弱受约束电子势模型下的简单解析波函数，我们系统研究了钠原子高里德伯态（ｎ～４０）间跃迁的振子强度与辐射寿命，所得振子强度及辐射寿命与可得到的其他作者的结果作了比较，表明了结合ｋ系数校正的最弱受约束电子势模型方法对于研究Ｎａ原子的高里德伯态性质的有效性，并在各种节点校正下，得到了对应于各跃迁类的节点校正规则     

静电场对a_碘酸锂单晶喇曼光谱的影响

本文报道了静电场作用下a-碘酸狸单晶喇曼光谱的变化. 观察到由于静电场作用, 瑞利散射强度显著增强. 对于喇曼散射, 观察到“串线” 现象, 即通常的一阶喇曼散射光谱的选择定则遭到破坏. 我们还观察到, 在y(xz)x实验配置下, “串线”, V1=790 (1/cm)(对应于碘酸根内部振动对称伸张模)的强度在施加同号电压下, 有显著增强现象, 并且其谱线强度随时间变化存在弛豫现象. 在y(zz)x 配置下, 施加异号电压时, 四条谱线强度都发生明显变化. 关键词：     

维生素B12的激光共振拉曼光谱研究

本文用激光共振拉曼光谱研究了维生素Ｂ１２位于２７０－７８０ｃｍ＾－１的低频振动光谱。认为３４４，４７６和４８８ｃｍ＾－１拉曼峰分别是腺嘌呤，Ｃｏ－ＣＮ和Ｃｏ－ＣＨ３振动模。用实验证明了维生素Ｂ１２在５１４．５ｎｍ激光作用下发生部分光解，而且Ｃｏ－ＣＨ３比Ｃｏ－ＣＮ更容易断裂。测得了光照Ｂ１２后光解速曲线。     

RAMAN STUDY ON (Pb) CENTERS IN SINGLE CRYSTALS OF ALKALI HALIDES DOPED WITH LEAD

Low frequency modes were observed in a series of alkali halides doped with lead after X-irradiation at 77K. The peak positions of the Raman signals are at 34cm^-1 for NaCl:Pb²⁺, 30cm^-1 for KCl:Pb²⁺,28cm^-1 for RbCl:Pb²⁺ and 22cm^-1 for KBr:Pb²⁺. They are assigned to the inelastic light scattering caused by the local vibration of X^-_i (Pb⁺) center, which consists of an interstitial halogen ion stabilized by a substitutional ion Pb⁺ . Polarized Raman measurements and Behavior Typer(BT) analysis show that the symmetry of the X^-_i (Pb⁺) center belongs to the point group C_3v A structure model of the X^-_i (Pb⁺) center is proposed based on the Raman data and the result of BT analysis.     

混晶（Rb_xK_（1－x））_2SnCl_6的相变研究

用非极性喇曼散射光谱研究了混晶（Ｒｂ_ｘＫ_（１－ｘ））_２ＳｎＣｌ_６性质随组份（０＜ｘ＜１）及温度（１０Ｋ＜Ｔ＜３００Ｋ）的变化。发现在纯Ｋ_２ＳｎＣｌ_６晶体中用Ｒｂ￣＋部分替代Ｋ￣＋后，将降低原Ｋ_２ＳｎＣｌ_６的相变温度Ｔｃｌ。当混晶中Ｒｂ￣＋成份超过极限浓度（ｘ＞０．７）后，该相变就被抑制。不同组份样品的同一喇曼模频率，随Ｒｂ￣＋的增加，向低频方向移动。用平均力常数拟合给出很好的理论解释。     

INFLUENCE OF γ-RADIATION ON THE DIELECTRIC CHARACTERISTICS IN Rb2ZnCl4 SINGLE CRYSTALS AT INCOMMENSURATE-COMMENSURATE PHASE TRANSITION

In this paper the influence of γ-radiation on the dielectric constants of Rb₂ZnCl₄ crystal at incommensurate-commensurate phase transition (hereafter abbreviated as INC-C transition) are studied. The thermal hysteresis occurs upon both cooling and heating runs, irrespective of whether the samples have been treated with γ-radiation or not. For the γ-irradiated sample, its transition point, T_c, between the INC and C phases is not changed, but the peak value of the dielectric constant at T_c increases abruptly, compared with that before γ-irradiation, When this sample is annealed at 40℃, the peak value restores to the incipient value for the sample free from γ-irradiation. The origin of the phenomenon of the thermal hysteresis of the dielectric constant may be due to the pinning effect of dejects or impurities in the samples.     

RAMAN STUDY ON $X_i^-$(Pb) CENTERS IN SINGLE CRYSTALS OF ALKALI HALIDES DOPED WITH LEAD

Low frequency modes were observed in a series of alkali halides doped with lead after X-irradiation at 77K. The peak positions of the Raman signals are at 34cm^-1 for NaCl:Pb²⁺, 30cm^-1 for KCl:Pb²⁺,28cm^-1 for RbCl:Pb²⁺ and 22cm^-1 for KBr:Pb²⁺. They are assigned to the inelastic light scattering caused by the local vibration of X^-_i (Pb⁺) center, which consists of an interstitial halogen ion stabilized by a substitutional ion Pb⁺ . Polarized Raman measurements and Behavior Typer(BT) analysis show that the symmetry of the X^-_i (Pb⁺) center belongs to the point group C_3v A structure model of the X^-_i (Pb⁺) center is proposed based on the Raman data and the result of BT analysis.     

PHASE PROPERTIES OF THE RADIATION FIELDS IN RAMAN PROCESS

The general evolution of the interaction of two radiation fields with an effective two-level atom via the Raman-type transitions is presented. Using the Pegg-Barnett phase theory, the joint phase probability distribution of the two field modes, phase average values and phase fluctuations are studied in detail. Also, the effect of the presence of a field on the phase properties of the other mode is examined.     

单轴晶体喇曼光谱的x轴和y轴的非等效性

本文表明,单轴晶体的喇曼光谱,对于非极性模和A(z)(或B(z))模,在各种几何配置下,x轴和y轴都是等效的。极性模E(x)和E(y),对于四角和六角晶系,x轴和y轴大部分是等效的;而对于三角晶系,只有少部分是等效的。 关键词：