均相和非均相体系中竹红菌甲素与尾孢素光敏活性的比较

本文在均相有机体系和非均相胶束体系中用ESR、自旋捕捉、消自旋等技术研究了竹红菌甲素(HA)和尾孢素(CP)的光敏特征;测量了其光动力作用过程中¹O₂、负离子自由基和O₂^·-的相对产率,发现均相体系中HA的光敏活性略高于CP。这表明侧环对醌类光敏剂的光敏活性影响不大。在非均相体系中由于胶束对HA激发态较强的保护作用,HA的光敏活性显著地强于CP。     

一种新型葡萄糖基化竹红菌素的合成和ESR研究

以巯基乙酸取代的竹红菌乙素和氨基葡萄糖为反应物,只用一步就合成了一种新型葡萄糖修饰的竹红菌乙素.氨基葡萄糖的取代改善了竹红菌乙素的水溶性及其在光疗窗口的吸收,并保持了其产生¹O₂、O₂^·-、^·OH和半醌负离子自由基的光化学活性.     

竹红菌甲素光敏作用原初反应的特征

为了从光生物方面判别竹红菌甲素(Hypocrellin A)的光敏作用,本文用电子自旋共振(ESR)、自旋捕捉和消自旋等方法,探讨了HA光敏作用原初反应的特征。不仅观测到它产生~1O_2的作用,还首次观察到(?),·OH和(?)的产生,并且证实,活性氧产生可转变为非氧自由基生成。根据产生这些活性物质(瞬态产物)的原初反应特征,可能表明,竹红菌甲素对生物系统的光敏损伤机制,不只包括~1O_2的作用,而且尚与(?),·OH和非氧自由基的多重作用有关。     

竹红菌乙素的光敏活性探讨

利用电子顺磁自旋共振技术 (ESR)对竹红菌乙素 (HB)与二苯胺体系光敏化学反应进行了研究 .并用流式细胞术考察了HB光动力学对Hce_8693盲肠癌细胞增殖周期及诱导凋亡的影响 ,阐明了HB的光敏活性。     

利用ESR技术研究α-蒎烯,β-蒎烯光敏氧化反应机理

本文主要利用电子顺磁共振(ESR)自旋捕获技术研究9,10 二氰基蒽(DCA)敏化α-蒎烯(αP),β-蒎烯(βP)光氧化反应.提供了在乙腈中α-蒎烯和β-蒎烯的光氧化反应过程中存在超氧负离子基(O₂^-)和单重态氧(¹O₂)的直接证据;在四氯化碳溶剂中只捕获到¹O₂;在正己烷中没有捕获到O₂^-或¹O₂.ESR实验结果进一步证明在乙腈中光敏氧化反应的¹O₂可能来自O₂^-和反应底物α、β-蒎烯正离子自由基之间的电荷复合(CR).     

竹红菌甲素在脂质体溶液中的光动力作用研究

系统地研究了竹红菌甲素(HA)和卵磷脂脂质体结合后的光动力作用.通过二苯基蒽光氧化和顺磁共振ESR方法报道了光敏HA产生单重态氧~1O_2,并测定了单重态氧量子产率.用自旋捕获ESR方法测得光照HA-脂质体溶液产生羟基自由基·OH并证实际·OH来源于超氧阴离子自由基O_(?)~-,同时研究了HA在无氧条件下的光还原反应.     

稀土离子对竹红菌甲素激发态的猝灭作用

本文研究了稀土离子对竹红菌甲素(HA)荧光的猝灭过程。证明稀土离子可有效地猝灭HA的瞬发荧光,却不影响瞬发荧光的寿命,在吸收光谱中检测到基态配合物的生成,故具有静态猝灭的特性;稀土离子猝灭HA的延迟荧光也很有效,并表现出动态猝灭的性质;胶束的隔离化作用明显减少了稀土离子对HA荧光的猝灭,表现出胶束对HA激发态的保护作用。     

光卟啉(YHPD)光敏作用机理的探讨

本文用近代ESR技术,探讨了YHPD光敏反应的特征,结果指出:(1)YHPD不仅有产生~1O_2的作用,而且还产生了自由基(O_2·OH及YHPD);(2)产生~1O_2的能力,YHPDBHPD,这表明,其一,YHPD并非单—~1O_2起作用,而且尚与自由基(O_2,·OH,YHPD)的作用有关;其二,YHPD的光敏损伤作用虽优于BHPD,但这与它们的~1O_2产额成负相关性,而却与O_2和·OH的产额成正相关性,由该特征判别,对YHPD的光敏损伤,起主要作用的瞬态活性质,看来是活性氧自由基(O_2,·OH),而不是~O_2。     

竹红菌甲素光敏活性的量子化学研究

利用密度泛函B3LYP/6-31G^*方法对茈醌类光敏剂竹红菌甲素hypocrellin A(HA)及其模型化合物的结构性质和分子内氢传递(IHT)过程进行了系统的计算研究,比较了各侧链对分子结构和IHT过程的影响.利用CIS/6-31G^*方法对HA的活性中心苝醌(PQ)及与其结构类似的一系列化合物激发态的IHT过程进行了研究.得到的主要结论包括:(1)常温下,处于基态的HA分子能够进行快速的分子内氢传递.(2)HA的几种模型化合物在基态时的IHT势垒、分子内电荷分布与HA差别很小,这说明侧链对IHT过程的影响不大.(3)HA模型化合物的IHT势垒与氧氢键键长变化和氢键键长变化呈良好的线性关系.(4)IHT反应中伴随着一个电荷分离过程,在氢传递过程中占主导地位的是静电相互作用,这说明此IHT过程本质上是质子转移过程.(5)共轭结构对该类分子的激发态IHT过程具有重要影响,总的趋势是对小共轭体系,单重激发态和三重激发态IHT反应的势能曲线分离,随着分子共轭结构的增大,两个激发态势能曲线逐渐接近,发生交叉的可能性以及交叉的程度也随之增大,即从单重态到三重态发生系间窜越的可能性也随之增大.由于分子内氢传递导致单重激发态和三重激发态势能曲线交叉,致使发生系间窜越,使体系三重态量子效率显著提高,从而提高了茈醌类光敏剂的光敏活性.这说明IHT过程对该类分子保持其光敏活性具有重要的意义.     

在胶束中竹红菌甲素的光物理特性

研究了竹红菌甲素在胶束水溶液中的增溶能力及其光物理特性。实验证明,竹红菌甲素可以增溶于非离子型(TX-100),阳离子型(TDPB)和阴离子型(SDS)胶束水溶液中,增溶能力的顺序为:TX-100>TDPB>SDS。观察到在胶束中竹红菌甲素的两种互变异构体比例变化,在TDPB胶束中在高居占度条件下生成了基态相迂复合物,吸收峰位λ_max630nm,其对应的激基缔合物在荧光谱中出现在λ_max670nm处。     

Electrochemical Detection of Superoxide Anion Released by Living Cells by Manganese(III) Tetraphenyl Porphine as Superoxide Dismutase Mimic

Superoxide anion, one of the most active reactive oxygen species, is associated with the development of many diseases. So monitoring superoxide anion in living cells is of great significance for the pathological research of many diseases. In this work, a new non-enzymatic sensor for the detection of superoxide anion(O₂^·-) was developed, which was fabricated by the nanocomposites composed of manganese(III) tetraphenyl porphine(MnTPP) as super-oxide dismutase mimic and electrochemical reduced graphene oxide(ERGO) as electrode support material to modify the glassy carbon electrode(GCE). The electrochemical behavior of the fabricated electrode(MnTPP/ERGO/GCE) was performed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) and cyclic voltammetry(CV), which revealed that MnTPP/ERGO/GCE possessed good catalytic ability to the electrochemical reduction of O₂^·-. The MnTPP/ERGO/GCE showed excellent electroanalysis performance towards O₂^·- using the technique of differential pulse voltammetry(DPV) with a linear relationship in the range of 0.2-110.0 μmol/L, a sensitivity of 445 μA·L·mmol^-1·cm^-2 and a detection limit of 0.039 μmol/L(S/N=3). The real-time monitoring of O₂^·- from MCF-7 breast cancer cells stimulated by zymosan was realized in this work, which indicates that the MnTPP/ERGO/GCE hold potential application for electrochemical quantification of superoxide anions in biological applications.     

在CdS水悬浮液中O2光吸收的pH效应

为了深入了解间接光腐蚀过程, Grätzel等人曾考察过O₂在CdS和Rh₂0₃/CdS 悬浮液(pH=9)中光吸收行为, 发现光照生成的SO₄^2-的µmol数值基本上为加入O₂的µmol数值的一半, 且反应后悬浮液的pH降低^[3]。     

Reduction Removal of Cr(VI) from Wastewater by CO2·- Deriving from Formate Anion Based on Activated Carbon Catalyzed Persulfate

As a strong reducing radical, carbon dioxide anion radical(CO₂^·-) can be generated by initiating sulfate radical(SO₄^·-) in the presence of formate anions(FA) for Cr(VI) reduction. Moreover, activated carbon(AC)-catalyzed persulfate(PS) oxidation is an economically justifiable, environmentally friendly, and easy-to-scale-up method to produce SO₄^·-. The complete removal of Cr(VI) was achieved within 280 min for an initial Cr(VI) concentration of 50 mg/L under the optional condition of c(AC)=1 g/L, [PS]₀=10 mmol/L, [FA]₀=10 mmol/L, T=30℃, and unadjusted pH. When the molar ratio of FA to PS was greater than or equal to 1, the system maintained a strong reduction state. The mechanism investigation confirmed that FA was converted to carboxyl anion radical(CO₂^·-) as the predominant radical for Cr(VI) reduction. This novel system may offer a potential platform technology for Cr(VI) wastewater treatment.     

竹红菌素在DMF-H2O混合体系中的电化学研究

本文研究了竹红菌素HA,HB以及13-SO₃Na-DDHA在DMF-H₂O(体积分数φ=1)混合体系中的电化学氧化还原性质。结果表明,它们都为两步单电子还原过程,反应机理为:HA,HB:HA(HB)+e+H⁺⇔HAH^·(HBH^·)+e⇔HAH^·油溶性。水溶性13-SO₃Na-DDHA:(第一步)13-SO₃Na-DDHA+e⇔13-SO₃Na-DDHA^-·(质子化)13-SO₃Na-DDHA^-·+H⁺⇔13-SO₃Na-DDHAH^·;(第二步)13-SO₃Na-DDHAH^·+e⇔13-SO₃Na-DDHAH^-·.并且,HA,HB的单电子还原半醒自由基非常稳定,而13-SO₃Na-DDHA单电子还原半醌自由基存在歧化反应,其速率常数k_f=0.408.     

355 nm光照下大气液相中HNO2与C6H5Cl的反应机理

利用瞬态吸收光谱技术进行了有氧、无氧条件下氯苯与亚硝酸水溶液的交叉反应机理研究，初步考察了这些瞬态物种的生长与衰减等行为, 并对其光解产物进行了GC/MS分析.研究表明，HNO₂在355 nm紫外光的照射下可产生•OH自由基, •OH和氯苯反应生成C₆H₅Cl•••OH，反应速率常数为（6.6～7.0）×10⁹ L•mol^-1•s^-1; 在有氧条件下C₆H₅Cl•••OH可氧化为C₆H₅Cl•••OHO2, 反应速率常数为(1.6 ± 0.2)×109 L•mol^-1•s^-1,然后进一步分解; C₆H₅Cl•••OH衰减或与亚硝酸等作用可形成多种含硝基的化合物或醌类物质.     

Electric magnetic resonance and spectrophotometry evidence on the photodynamic activity of a new perylenequinonoid pigment

Di-cysteine substituted hypocrellin B (DCHB) is a new water-soluble photosensitizer with significantly enhanced red absorption at wavelengths longer than 600 nm over the parent compound hypocrellin B (HB). The photosensitizing properties (Type I and/or Type II mechanisms) of DCHB have been investigated in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and aqueous solution (pH 7.4) using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and spectrophotometric methods. In anaerobic DMSO solution, the semiquinone anion radical of DCHB (DCHB^•−) is predominantly photoproduced via self-electron transfer between excited- and ground-state DCHB species. The presence of an electron donor significantly promotes the formation of the reduced form of DCHB. When a deoxygenated aqueous solution of DCHB and an electron donor are irradiated with 532 nm light, the hydroquinone of DCHB (DCHBH₂) is formed via the disproportionation of the first-formed DCHB^•− and second electron transfer to DCHB^•− from the electron donor. When oxygen is present, singlet oxygen (¹O₂), superoxide anion radical (O₂^•−) and hydroxyl radical (^•OH) are produced. The quantum yield of ¹O₂ generation by DCHB photosensitization is estimated to be 0.54 using Rose Bengal as a reference, a little lower than that of HB (0.76). The superoxide anion radical is also significantly enhanced by the presence of electron donors. Moreover, (O₂^•−) upon disproportionation generated H₂O₂ and ultimately the highly reactive ^•OH via the Haber-Weiss reaction pathway. The efficiency of (O₂^•−) generation by DCHB is obviously enhanced over that of HB. These findings suggest that the photodynamic actions of DCHB may proceed via Type I and Type II mechanisms and that this new photosensitizer retains photosensitizing activity after photodynamic therapy-oriented chemical modification.     

由单层薄水铝石制备的活性氧化铝处理水中氟离子

The preparation of high-efficiency and low-cost adsorbents for the defluoridation of drinking water remains a huge challenge. In this study, single-layer and multi-layer boehmite were first synthesized via an organic-free method, and active alumina used for fluoride removal from water was obtained from the boehmite. The advantage of a single layer is that more aluminum is exposed to the surface, which can provide more adsorption sites for fluoride. The active alumina adsorbent derived from single-layer boehmite exhibits a high specific surface area and excellent adsorption capacity. The high surface area ensures a high adsorption capacity, and the organic-free synthesis method lowers the preparation cost. The as-prepared adsorbent was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis. The single-layer structure of boehmite was determined from the simulated XRD diffraction pattern of single-layer boehmite. The disappearance of the (020) diffraction peak of boehmite illustrates that the dimensions in the b direction are extremely small, and according to the XRD simulation results, the single-layer structure of boehmite could be determined. Single-layer boehmite with a surface area of 789.4 m²·g^-1 was formed first. The active alumina obtained from the boehmite had a surface area of 678.4 m²·g^-1, and the pore volume was 3.20 cm³·g^-1. The fluoride adsorption of the active alumina was systematically studied as a function of the adsorbent dosage, contact time, concentration, co-existing anions, and pH. The fluoride adsorption capacity of the active alumina obtained from the single-layer boehmite reached up to 67.6 mg·g^-1, which is higher than those of most alumina adsorbents reported in the literature. The adsorption capacities of the active alumina are related to the specific surface area and the number of hydroxyl groups on the surface. Dosages of 0.6, 1.0, and 2.6 g·L^-1 of active alumina were able to lower the 10, 20, and 50 mg·L^-1 fluoride solutions, respectively, below the maximum permissible limit of fluoride in drinking water in China (1.0 mg·L^-1), suggesting that the active alumina synthesized in this work is a promising adsorbent for defluoridation of drinking water. In addition, the fluoride adsorption is applicable in a wide pH range from 4 to 9 and is mainly interfered by SO₄^2- and PO₄^3-. Further investigation suggested that the fluoride adsorption of the active alumina follows the pseudo second-order model and Langmuir isotherm model     

IN situ Confocal Microprobe Raman Spectroscopic Studies on Defective La-based Complex Oxides

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荧烷染料的光诱导显色反应和机制的研究

荧烷染料是一类重要的功能性染料,广泛地应用于热敏和压敏记录材料.通常采用在酸作用下,使荧烷染料发生显色反应,由内酯环结构的无色体生成开环结构的有色体.并且通过吨环上不同取代基得到各种色调.荧烷染料有色体不稳定,在一般有机介质中容易发生褪色反应,使得荧烷染料作为记录介质普遍存在着色稳定性差、保存期短的缺点.为了改善有色体的稳定性,人们进行了大量的工作^[1-3],但均未取得重要进展.考虑到荧烷染料母核上带有烷胺基取代基,具有电子给体特性,有可能通过电子转移反应的途径进行显色反应.实现这种电子转移显色过程的关键问题是选择合适的电子受体.为此采用盐类化合物如碘盐和硫盐作为电了受体,因为它们容易和不同电子给体组成电子转移光敏反应体系^[4-6].因此,本文研究了以荧烷染料为电子给体和碘盐为电子受体的光致电子转移显色反应,并提出了显色反应机制.