吲哚二碳菁染料的合成

合成了五种N－烷基吲哚二碳菁染料，通过质谱、核磁共振氢谱及红外光谱确证了化合物结构。测定了化合物在溶液中的紫外吸收光谱和溶解度，讨论了溶解度、熔点与染料分子结构的关系。     

新型水溶性荧光标示剂吲哚方酸菁染料的合成及光谱性能

用方酸与不同的N烷基取代吲哚啉季铵盐缩合制备了一系列对称的水溶性方酸菁染料. 通过核磁共振氢谱和质谱对合成的染料结构进行了表征, 研究了它们在不同溶剂中的吸收和发射光谱. 结果表明, 随着溶剂极性的增大, 染料的吸收光谱发生蓝移, 表现为负向溶剂化效应, 在极性溶剂中的荧光量子产率比在水中的大. 考察了N位取代基对染料水溶液光稳定性的影响, 结果表明在吲哚环N原子上引入较大的苄基有助于提高光稳定性, 且随着苄基上取代基吸电子能力的增强, 染料的光稳定性增强.     

N-苄基吲哚三碳菁染料的合成及性能

合成了5种N-苄基吲哚三碳菁染料,通过红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱及元素分析确证了其结构,并研究了电子吸收光谱、荧光光谱、光稳定性及溶解度。结果表明,染料溶液和膜的最大吸收波长均为780～830nm;染料在二氯乙烷中的溶解度大于在乙醇中的溶解度;氮原子上苄基的引入极大地改进了染料的光稳定性(与HITCI比较).     

1,3-二-(3,3-二甲基-2-甲烯假吲哚)方酸菁染料的合成及其晶体

合成了两个新型方酸菁染料3和5。在酸催化下,2,3,3-三甲基假吲哚不需N-烷基化,可直接与方酸反应。反应过程中发生了明显的质子转移。结晶学数据表明,分子3的整体位于同一平面;溶剂苯规则地排布在方酸四碳环的周围,后者酷似电子陷阱。染料5有良好的水溶性。     

含叔丁基吡喃鎓方酸菁染料的合成及溶解性能研究

合成了四个对称及不对称含叔丁基吡喃鎓方酸的菁染料,通过光谱和元素分析确定其结构,测定了它们的紫外-可见吸收光谱、熔点和溶解性能。结果表明吡喃鎓方酸菁染料比一般菁染料具有更长的吸收波长和更好的溶解性能。用Dye2的单晶分子堆积图解释了染料的熔点反常现象。     

1,3-二-(3,3-二甲基-2-甲烯假吲哚)方酸菁染料的合成及其晶体结构

合成了两个新型方酸菁染料3和5。在催化下,2,3,3-三甲基假吲哚不需N- 烷基化,可直接与方酸反应。反应过程中发生了明显的质子转移。结晶学数据表明,分子3的整体位于同一平面;溶剂苯规则地排在方酸四碳的周围, 后者酷似电子陷肼。染料5有良好的水溶性。     

1,3-二-(3,3-二甲基-2-甲烯假吲哚)方酸菁染料的合成及其晶体结构

合成了两个新型方酸菁染料3和5。在催化下,2,3,3-三甲基假吲哚不需N- 烷基化,可直接与方酸反应。反应过程中发生了明显的质子转移。结晶学数据表明,分子3的整体位于同一平面;溶剂苯规则地排在方酸四碳的周围, 后者酷似电子陷肼。染料5有良好的水溶性。     

近红外水溶性不对称吲哚方酸菁染料的合成

以吲哚啉季铵盐为原料, 分别采用两步法和固相法合成了3种水溶性不对称吲哚方酸菁染料. 两步法为将不同N-烷基取代的2,3,3-三甲基-3H-吲哚-5-磺酸季铵盐与方酸反应, 再与另一种吲哚啉季铵盐反应制备不对称菁染料. 固相法是用对氨基苯甲酸做桥连物, 将方酸化学键连到高分子固相载体聚乙二醇上, 然后与吲哚啉季铵盐杂环母核缩合制得带有固相高分子载体的半菁, 再与另一吲哚啉季铵盐杂环母核反应切掉载体, 合成不对称菁染料. 产品用C-18反相柱进行分离提纯, 通过核磁共振氢谱和质谱对产品结构进行了表征, 测试了产品的光谱性能. 比较而言, 固相法合成不对称染料效果更好, 产率接近传统两步法的二倍, 是一种更适合的合成水溶性不对称吲哚方酸菁染料的方法.     

N-(2-溴乙基)咔唑与N-乙烯基咔唑的气相HeI紫外光电子 能谱与电子结构研究

首次报道了N-(2-溴乙基)咔唑和N-乙烯基咔唑的气相HeI紫外光电子能谱(UPS),借助于Gaussian94采用RHF/6-31G基组优化几何构型,并用RHF/6-31G^*基组计算分子轨道及能级.在对咔唑和N-烷基咔唑系列分子UPS电离能变化规律研究的基础上,对这2个分子的UPS谱带给予指认,并讨论其电子结构.结果表明N-(2-溴乙基)咔唑的UPS谱与N-烷基咔唑的不同之处是在10.295,10.540eV处出现2个Br原子的孤对轨道;N-乙烯基咔唑的UPS谱带与咔唑的相比,电离能变化的特殊性说明乙烯基与咔唑环共平面。     

N-(2-溴乙基)咔唑与N-乙烯基咔唑的气相HeI紫外光电子能谱与电子结构研究

首次报道了N-(2-澳乙基)咔唑和N-乙烯基咏唑的气相Hel紫外光电子能谱(UPS),借助于Gaussian 94采用RHF/6-3lG基组优化几何构型,并用RHF/6-31G基组计算分子轨道及能级.在对咔唑和N-烷基咔唑系列分子UPS电离能变化规律研究的基础上,对这2个分子的UPS谱带给予指认,并讨论其电子结构.结果表明N-(2-溴乙基)咔唑的UPS谱与N-烷基咔唑的不同之处是在10.295,10.540Ve处出现2个Br原子的孤对轨道;N-乙烯基咔唑的UPS谱带与咔唑的相比,电离能变化的特殊性说明乙烯基与咔唑环共平面.     

A STUDY ON THE SELECTIVE REDUCTION OF AROMATIC AMIDE WITH LiAlH_4

In the synthesis of l-phenyl-5-substituted amino-4-pyrazole N-alkyl amide,it was found for the first time that one of the two aromatic amido groups in the moleculeof 1-phenyl-5-benzoyl amino-4-pyrazole N-alkyl amide was reduced selectively by LiAlH_4.new conclusion was drawn after several experiments have been done that ortho-amino(orsubstituted amino)aryl amide or the aryl amide with its ortho substituent which canbe reduced into an amino group(or substituted amino group)can not be reduced by LiAlH_4.It was further rationalized by quantum chemical calculation.     

Simple and complex lattices of N-alkyl fatty acid amides on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surface

STM investigations of three N-alkyl fatty acid amide molecules have been carried out to get information of their molecular arrangement on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surface. With variable positions of amide along the alkyl chain, complex lattices with different lattice constants were observed. Besides the lattices with a repeat unit matching one or two molecular lengths, a lattice with a repeat unit corresponding to three molecular lengths was found. In addition, the portion of different lattices depends on the length of the shorter alkyl chain. DFT-D calculations point to interactions of antiparallel oriented dipoles due to the amide group, which are distance dependent and thus larger for shorter N-alkyl chains.     

Solubility of fluorocarbons in water as a key parameter determining fluorocarbon emulsion stability

The kinetics of particle size growth in emulsions of 14 fluorocarbons has been studied by means of photon correlation spectroscopy. It was assumed that Ostwald ripening is the mechanism of emulsion coarsening with time; solubility of fluorocarbons in water (about 10⁻⁶-10⁻¹⁰ml/ml) being the key parameter determining fluorocarbon emulsion stabilities. The solubilities of fluorocarbons in water were calculated from the Ostwald ripening kinetics data and a solubility-fluorocarbon structure relationship was established. In a homologous series of normal chain fluorocarbons the solubility in water decreased by a factor of 8.0 for each -CF₂ - group. For a given carbon number, ring formation and branching increased water solubility of the fluorocarbons. A correlation between fluorocarbon solubility in water and solvent cavity surface area was found which allows prediction of the fluorocarbon emulsion stability from the structure of the fluorocarbon.     

1-烃基-5-取代氨基-4-吡唑(N-取代)甲酰胺的合成及生物活性研究

本文采用吡唑并[3,4-d]-1,3-噁嗪-6-酮衍生物(Ⅰ)与伯胺反应,合成了1-烃基-5-取代苯甲酰胺基-4-吡唑(N-取代)甲酰胺(Ⅱ);由LiAlH₄,对Ⅱ分子中2个酰胺基的选择性还原合成了1-烃基-5-取代氨基-4-吡唑(N-取代)甲酰胺(Ⅲ).共合成新化合物23个,通过¹HNMR、¹³CNMR、MS、IR等证明了它们的化学结构,初步生物活性测定表明化合物Ⅱ具有一定的抗癌活性和农药活性。     

Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of 4-alkylamino-4'-substituted diphenyldiacetylenes

Various substituted aminodiphenyldiacetylenes of the type with X = C₃H₇, C₅H₁₁, F or NO₂ and R, R' = H, CH₃-C₆H₁₃ were synthesized and their mesomorphic properties determined. Semi-empirical and ab initio quantum chemical calculations using AM1, 421G and 631G* suggested that the amino group would increase the dielectric anisotropy and optical birefringence as compared to the alkyl chain. Mesomorphic properties were found to be poor with the maximum nematic phase range being 44.8°C and many of the compounds having no nematic phase. Both melting temperatures and enthalpies for those having nematic phases were too high to form good eutectic mixtures.     

分子模拟研究气体在室温离子液体中的溶解度

在作者先前建立的分子力场基础上, 采用Widom粒子插入法预测了CO₂、N₂、O₂、Ar及CH₄等5种气体在多种咪唑类离子液体中的溶解度, 包括2种侧链长度的阳离子和3种阴离子. 首先考察了256个离子对组成的体系中溶质分子插入次数对计算结果的影响, 在此基础上计算了不同温度下气体在1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑的四氟化硼盐([bmim][BF₄])和六氟化磷盐([bmim][PF₆])中的溶解度. 计算结果正确反映了CO₂气体溶解度的变化趋势, 在[bmim][BF₄]中溶解度的模拟结果与实验值符合很好, 且明显优于Pádua等的模拟结果；在[bmim][PF₆]中的溶解度较实验值偏高, 精度与文献模拟结果相当；并预测了较高温度下CO₂气体在[bmim][BF₄]和[bmim][PF₆]中的溶解度. 计算结果也正确地反映了5种气体在[bmim][PF₆]中溶解度实验值的相对大小. 另外考察了常温下几种气体在不同室温离子液体中的溶解度, 模拟结果表明气体在含有较长碳链和双-三氟甲基磺酰胺阴离子(Tf₂N^－)的离子液体中溶解度较大.     

Phase-selective solubility of poly(N-alkylacrylamide)s

The extent of the phase-selective solubility of poly(N-alkylacrylamide)s was studied by UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy using poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and poly(N-octadecylacrylamide) as representative polar and nonpolar poly(N-alkylacrylamide)s in a mixture of polar and nonpolar thermomorphic solvents. Phase-selective solubilities of greater than 10000:1 were seen with each labeled polymer in polar and nonpolar solvents such as heptane and DMF or heptane and 90% EtOH-H(2)O. Using a poly(N-acryloxysuccinimide) as a common precursor, a pool-split synthesis was devised to prepare a library of poly(N-alkylacrylamide)s whose members varied only in the size of their N-alkyl substituent. The solubilities of these library members were measured in both the polar and nonpolar phases of a thermomorphic heptane/90% EtOH-H(2)O mixture at 25 degrees C. Such solvent mixtures are miscible hot (70 degrees C) and biphasic cold (25 degrees C). The results show that poly(N-pentylacrylamide) is selectively soluble (>99.5%) in the polar EtOH-rich phase at rest. Poly(N-alkylacrylamide)s with larger N-alkyl groups are predominantly (C(6), 85%; C(7), 95%) or exclusively (>C(8), >99.5%) in the heptane-rich phase at rest.     

Lithium diisopropylamide-mediated lithiations of imines: insights into highly structure-dependent rates and selectivities

Lithium diisopropylamide-mediated lithiations of N-alkyl ketimines derived from cyclohexanones reveal that simple substitutions on the N-alkyl side chain and the 2-position of the cyclohexyl moiety afford a 60,000-fold range of rates. Detailed rate studies implicate monosolvated monomers at the rate-limiting transition structures in all instances. Comparisons of experimentally derived regioselectivities and rates, taken in conjunction with density functional theory computational studies, reveal a number of factors that influence reactivities including: (a) axial versus equatorial disposition of the proton on the cyclohexane ring, (b) syn versus anti orientation of the lithiation relative to the N-alkyl group, (c) the presence or absence of a potentially chelating methoxy moiety on the N-alkyl group, (d) the presence of a 2-methyl substituent at the geminal or distal alpha-carbon, and (e) branching in the N-alkyl group. The isolated contributions are not large, yet they display a strong and predictable additivity leading to a kinetic resolution of imines derived from racemic 2-methylcyclohexanone.     

The effect of fluorinated terminal chains on the mesomorphic properties of 4,4'-disubstituted phenyl benzoates

A variety of 4,4'-disubstituted phenyl benzoates having a terminal chain containing multifluorine atoms, attached directly to the benzene ring or through an ester group, have been synthesized and their mesomorphic properties determined by hot stage polarizing optical microscopy. These properties were compared to those of the corresponding hydrogenated esters and to other esters containing rigid terminal chains. Usually transition temperatures were higher and mesophase ranges wider than those observed for the parent compounds but no nematic phases were found. Any mesophase seen was usually a smectic A phase sometimes accompanied by a smectic C phase. Crystal E phases were found along with the smectic A phase in alkyl or alkoxy esters having a C₉F₁₉CO₂ chain on the acid side. A first order smectic A-smectic C transition was observed in the ester with CN on the acid side and O₂CC₇F₁₅ on the phenol side. A comparison of the effect of a terminal fluorinated chain and a lateral fluorine group on one set of esters is also included.