势垒贯穿中U_0=E时的透射系数研究——也从一道势垒习题的问题谈起

推导出了势垒贯穿问题中当∪0=E时的透射系数表达式,并利用该公式圆满解释了《大学物理》刊出的一篇题为《从一道习题看量子力学中的势垒》文章中提出的问题.     

基于Matlab的势垒贯穿透射系数研究

粒子在经过一个势垒时,无论粒子能量和势垒高度存在怎样的关系,理论上都有一定的透射.本文用Matlab软件探讨了粒子对于宽度为n*a的势垒和n重宽度为a的势垒进行贯穿时的透射系数.研究结果说明:在E/U1情况下,宽度为na的势垒的贯穿透射系数较n重宽度为a的势垒的贯穿系数大;当E/U1时,情况则相反.     

在几种约束模式下氘核对氘核的势垒贯穿

分别对游离态的氘氘核系统,磁阱位形下的氘等离子体,共有电子对约束的氘氘核系统,以及在晶格强力约束下实现了高密度积累的氘氘核系统中氘核间库仑相互作用的位能曲线进行了讨论,并以此为基础在一维方势垒近似下研究了在上述几种约束模式下氘核对氘核的势垒贯穿,以及因此而引起的核反应率随相关参数的变化情况.研究表明,冷聚变在物理上是说得通的,但聚变率太低,看不出有任何现实意义. 关键词： 势垒贯穿 核聚变 冷聚变     

熔合反应中动力学势垒的研究

用改进的量子分子动力学模型研究了与入射能量相关的重离子熔合势垒. 随着 入射能的降低可以观察到动力学势垒的最低值, 这个最低动力学势垒与绝热势垒 非常接近；动力学势垒随着入射能的增加而升高, 最终接近于静态势垒(非绝热势垒). 基于动力学势垒的研究, 对于重离子熔合反应的额外推动(extra-push)给出了微观理解,对势垒贯穿给出了一种新的解释. 为进一步理解动力学势垒, 还研究了颈部的形成和体系的动力学形变, 分析了动力学势垒降低的原因.     

关于毛细管中液面形状的讨论——从一道习题谈起

讨论了毛细管中液体的受力情况，以及在不同条件下的液面形状。     

双势垒结构中内势引起的不稳定性研究

本文报道关于内部电势对低频交流电压介观电子输运的影响.内部电势的典型特征是保证电荷守恒和规范不变性.在大多数情况下,内部电势很快达到自身平衡,并且系统响应为外部变量.然而,在一些特殊情况下,内势变得自发振荡和随机涨落,在这种情况下系统将变得不稳定.     

从一道习题的错解谈滚动问题中的静摩擦力

普通物理学中有这样一道习题:如图所示,一质量为m,半径为R的刚性圆柱,在水平外力F作用下,在一刚性水平面上作无滑滚动,力的作用线与圆柱中心轴线的垂直距离为r,求圆柱所受的静摩擦力．     

电磁感应中含容电路的问题设置误区——从一道错题谈起

电磁感应教学中有教师会让学生记忆电荷量与磁通量变化量、导体棒切割运动的位移成正比的结论.以一道含容电路试题为例,分析指出电磁感应含容电路问题中该结论的错误,并提供了正确的设问范例.     

On barrier penetration in complete-fusion systems

We show that the width for thermal barrier penetration (Γ_out) of a classically trapped (complete-fusion) trajectory can be important and that this decay mode may explain the enhanced fusion-fission yield observed in some systems.     

The probability of potential barrier penetration in the generalized wkB approximation

The approximation method, discussed in [1], of calculating the coefficients of penetration through one-dimensional potential barriers is unsuitable at small values of the energy. In the present work this insufficiency is removed by applying some additional conditions to the basic potential W(S). A new solution is given for the problem of particle penetration through a symmetric barrier.     

闪光照相中X光能谱对有效吸收系数的影响

 研究闪光照相中影响材料有效吸收系数的两个主要因素，即X光的能谱效应和散射影响。用Monte-Carlo方法对闪光照相系统的客体各种组成材料的有效吸收系数进行数值模拟；求出不考虑散射而仅受能谱影响的有效吸收系数及其空间分布，发现该分布类似于医学CT数的分布规律，在高光程数对应的位置上该吸收系数较低；也得到了在20MeV闪光机情况下，客体各种组成材料的单个平均吸收系数。结果表明：钨、铝和铁的平均等效吸收系数分别近似为0.830，0.080和0.265cm ^-1。     

In-beam spectroscopy of thek π=0− bands in230–236U

TheK ^π=0^? bands in even uranium nuclei were studied in the compound reactions²³¹Pa(p, 2n)²³⁰U,^{230, 232}Th(α,2n)^{232, 234}U and²³⁶U(d, pn)²³⁶U. In-beamγ-rays were measured in coincidence with conversion-electrons, which were detected with an iron-free orange spectrometer. The negative-parity levels are observed up to intermediate spins (I<13^?). In addition, the 1^? and 3^? levels in²³⁰U were confirmed by a decay study with an isotope separated²³⁰Pa source. For the heavier isotopes (A≥232) the properties of theK ^π=0^? bands (energies andγ-branchings) are consistent with a vibrational character of these bands. For²³⁰U theK ^π=0^? band lies at rather low energy (E(1^?)=367 keV), and the level spacings within this band are very similar to those of the isotones²²⁸Th and²²⁶Ra, which might indicate the onset of a stable octupole deformation.     

闪光照相中X光能谱对有效吸收系数的影响

研究闪光照相中影响材料有效吸收系数的两个主要因素,即X光的能谱效应和散射影响。用Monte-Carlo方法对闪光照相系统的客体各种组成材料的有效吸收系数进行数值模拟;求出不考虑散射而仅受能谱影响的有效吸收系数及其空间分布,发现该分布类似于医学CT数的分布规律,在高光程数对应的位置上该吸收系数较低;也得到了在20MeV闪光机情况下,客体各种组成材料的单个平均吸收系数。结果表明：钨、铝和铁的平均等效吸收系数分别近似为0.830,0.080和0.265cm-1。     

The n = 0 replica limit of U(n) and models

Recently the replica limit n = 0 of the U(n) and models have attracted interest since they describe the Anderson localization behaviour in the band-centre of a two-sublattice model. For n ≠ 0 the theories can be decomposed into one with symmetry U(1) and one for SU(n) and . This does not no longer hold for n = 0. We show how the beta-functions and zeta-functions for operators without derivatives can be obtained in this limit from those of SU(n) and and draw consequences for these functions in this limit.     

Role of barrier penetration in complete fusion of heavy ions

The relevance of tunneling in determining the cross section for complete fusion is explored. The classical model with frictional forces is used for the determination of the trajectory of two heavy ions up to the classical turning point. The penetrability of the barrier is calculated quantum mechanically. It is shown that the so calculated transmission coefficient differ from the sharp cut-off approximation, but yield cross section for complete fusion which are not significantly different from the cross section neglecting quantum mechanical effects.     

Decay of high-spin isomers in Os nuclei by barrier penetration

A decay scheme for the 130±20 ns high-spin isomer in ¹⁸²Os has been established. The excitation energy of the isomer is 7049±1 keV and it has I^π = 25⁽⁺⁾. A 2.4% decay directly to the yrast 24⁺ level at 5988 keV is observed. In ¹⁸⁴Os a 20±5 ns isomer is observed at 2366±1 keV excitation energy with I^π = 10⁺. Again, direct transitions into the yrast 8⁺ and 10⁺ levels are observed. Contrary to previous speculations, there is no compelling evidence for stable triaxial shapes in the structure of the levels through which the isomers decay. The abnormally short half-lives observed, as well as the unusual decay patterns, are best understood in terms of a γ-soft nuclear potential. Motion in the γ-direction allows the isomer to decay via barrier penetration from an axially symmetric prolate shape with the angular momentum along the nuclear symmetry axis (deformation aligned state) via oblate shapes to another prolate shape with the angular momentum perpendicular to the nuclear symmetry axis (rotation-aligned state).     

Large superfluidity enhancement in the penetration of the fission barrier

The least action principle is used to determine the semiclassical path in the penetration of a multidimensional fission barrier using the gap parameter as a dynamical variable. An increase in the gap parameter, the larger the deeper the penetration of the barrier is predicted.