二吡唑铝化合物双光子吸收性质的理论研究

应用密度泛函理论(DFT)和半经验的ZINDO方法对二吡唑铝化合物的单、双光子吸收(OPA、TPA)性质进行了研究.结果表明,铝氮烷杂环化合物具有好的双光子吸收性质,其双光子最大吸收截面值(δmax)可达到2860.1 GM(1 GM=10-50 cm4·s·photon-1).在中心、共轭桥和末端引入强的吸电子基团可调谐单、双光子吸收光谱,实现在不同波长范围的双光子吸收;利用三态公式分析了分子的双光子吸收截面变化的内在原因;铝氮烷杂环化合物与其相应的硼化合物相比,表现出类似的单、双光子吸收性质,但一定程度上可增大双光子吸收截面.     

具有大的双光子吸收截面的四羧酸二萘嵌苯衍生物的理论研究

用密度泛涵方法和ZINDO方法,从理论上研究了一系列四羧酸二萘嵌苯的衍生物(PTCDS)。对其平衡几何、电子结构和单双光子吸收性质进行了详细的计算研究。结果表明,此系列衍生物的双光子吸收截面主要由其主体结构(二萘嵌苯)决定。△EH-Lgap (HOMO与LUMO间的能隙)的减小,HOMO轨道能量的增大,分子主轴两端取代基给电子强度的增强,共轭长度的增大,分子刚性的增强都有利于此系列化合物双光子吸收截面的增大。并设计了比文献[22]报道的分子C有更大的双光子吸收截面的两个分子D1,D2。     

具有双光子吸收的咔唑类分子的设计、合成及光谱特性

设计、合成了四个新的咔唑类具有较大双光子吸收截面的化合物,研究它们的光谱特性,对双光子吸收的构效关系进行初步探索.     

苯并噻唑衍物的合成及结构-双光子吸收光物理特性关系

报道了三个具有典型A-π-A'型共轭结构的苯并噻唑衍生物的合成及结构-双光 子吸收光物理特性关系。通过对三个化合物的共轭结构增长和拉电子基强度变化对 化合物单光子荧光光谱、双光子诱导荧光光谱和双光子吸收截面等特性的影响研究 ，我们发现，苯并噻唑杂环中的杂原子硫在化合物共轭链链短时对其光物理特性影 响很强，在共轭链较长时影响减弱甚至消失。通常情况下，共轭链长度和拉电子基 强度共同对双光子吸收截面作贡献，我们的研究表明，当共轭链较长时，共轭链的 增长对增强分子双光子吸收截面的贡献远大于拉电子基强度变化的贡献。其中，新 化合物2（2-{4-[2-（4-硝基苯基）-乙烯基]苯基}-乙烯基）苯并噻唑具有双光子 吸收截面大(181*10~(-50)cm~4s/photon)和荧光量子产率高(13.8%)的特点，是双 光子荧光显微与成像应用的一个良好的候选材料。     

苯并噻唑衍物的合成及结构-双光子吸收光物理特性关系

报道了三个具有典型A-π-A'型共轭结构的苯并噻唑衍生物的合成及结构-双光 子吸收光物理特性关系。通过对三个化合物的共轭结构增长和拉电子基强度变化对 化合物单光子荧光光谱、双光子诱导荧光光谱和双光子吸收截面等特性的影响研究 ，我们发现，苯并噻唑杂环中的杂原子硫在化合物共轭链链短时对其光物理特性影 响很强，在共轭链较长时影响减弱甚至消失。通常情况下，共轭链长度和拉电子基 强度共同对双光子吸收截面作贡献，我们的研究表明，当共轭链较长时，共轭链的 增长对增强分子双光子吸收截面的贡献远大于拉电子基强度变化的贡献。其中，新 化合物2（2-{4-[2-（4-硝基苯基）-乙烯基]苯基}-乙烯基）苯并噻唑具有双光子 吸收截面大(181*10~(-50)cm~4s/photon)和荧光量子产率高(13.8%)的特点，是双 光子荧光显微与成像应用的一个良好的候选材料。     

双光子吸收材料的分子设计研究

介绍了双光子吸收材料分子设计原理.为了设计有大的双光子吸收响应的材料,对多种分子进行了系统的理论研究.用量子化学密度泛函理论和AM1方法进行分子几何构型优化.在优化结构的基础上,用ZINDO和自编程序求得分子的单、双光子吸收性质.设计了一些未知化合物,以期为合成新的具有大的双光子吸收截面的材料提供理论根据.以双层二聚二甲苯邻甲酸衍生物、铂乙炔化物、卟啉衍生物、C60、C70、八极矩分子为例,报道了我们在这方面的研究结果.     

具有双光子效应的多核配合物

双光子吸收材料在上转换发光、生物成像、光动力学治疗、三维微结构加工等领域有着广泛的应用。金属配合物可通过金属中心为模板将数个具有双光子活性的有机配体组合成为复杂的多极体系从而增强双光子效应,还能使所得的双光子吸收材料的稳定性、发光寿命以及光谱的可调性得以优化,其中多核金属配合物的双光子吸收截面表现出的“协同增强”效应更是引起广泛关注。本文选取典型的多核配合物（分为同多核和异多核）,重点总结金属离子的种类和数量、配体分子以及配合物的结构等参数对其双光子性能的影响,特别关注多核配合物激发态的结构和能级、能量传递的模式和方向等对其光物理性质的影响机制,希望总结具有双光子活性的多核配合物的分子设计规律。最后,对目前具有双光子活性的多核配合物的制备以及“多核双功能”型配合物的开发研究方面存在的问题进行阐述和展望,以期为新型双光子吸收材料的构筑提供参考。     

氢键对绿色荧光蛋白发色团类似物双光子吸收特性的影响（英文）

本文采用分子动力学模拟和量子化学计算相结合的方法,研究了氢键对一种新型供体-受体型绿色荧光蛋白发色团类似物的双光子吸收性质的影响.从分子动力学模拟中提取了氢键复合物的可能构型,并利用二次响应理论方法计算了发色团及其各种氢键复合物的双光子吸收性质,建立了氢键结构与双光子吸收性质之间的关系.结果表明,发色团与溶剂水分子可以通过O…H-O,N-H…O和N…H-O三种类型氢键相结合.O…H-O键的形成导致吸收波长发生红移,双光子吸收截面在一定程度上减小.N-H…O键可以在较长波长处显著增强双光子吸收,而N…H-O键会使吸收波长蓝移,并显著降低双光子吸收截面.应用两态模型,解释了氢键效应产生的原因,并绘制了相关分子轨道,分析了电荷转移特性.此外,通过统计各种氢键复合物的几率,获得了平均双光子吸收谱.本研究为利用氢键网络设计双光子吸收材料提供了良好的理论指导.     

对位氨基能显著提高D-A-D型化合物的双光子吸收性能

报道了具有典型D-A-D型共轭结构的反式2,5-二氰基-1,4-二(4'-甲氧基苯乙烯基)苯(MOS-CN), 2,5-二氰基-1,4-二(4'-二甲胺基苯乙烯基)苯(MAS-CN)和1,4-二(4'-甲氧基苯乙烯基)苯(MOS)的合成. 用核磁、红外和元素分析进行了表征. 测试了紫外吸收光谱、单光子荧光光谱、双光子荧光光谱、双光子吸收系数及双光子吸收截面. 在800 nm的飞秒脉冲激光激发下, 化合物MOS-CN, MAS-CN和MOS分别发出很强的绿色、黄色和蓝色上转换荧光. 化合物MOS-CN, MAS-CN和MOS的最大吸收波长、单光子发射波长、双光子诱导荧光波长、荧光量子产率、双光子吸收系数、双光子吸收截面及双光子荧光寿命各分别是393, 473, 367 nm; 470, 569, 434 nm; 475, 574, 438 nm; 0.12, 0.72, 0.21; 0.8, 5.3, 0.3 cm/GW; 270, 1790, 101 GM; 140 ps, 1.32 ns, 54 ps. MAS-CN的双光子吸收截面是MOS-CN的6.63倍, MOS-CN的双光子吸收截面是MOS的2.67倍, 表明对位氨基显著地提高了化合物的双光子吸收性能, 氰基也较大地提高了双光子吸收截面.     

DCM衍生物双光子吸收截面的溶剂效应

考察了以三苯胺基为给电子基团的4种不同DCM衍生物在有机溶剂中的单光子光物理性质(基态和激发态永久偶极矩差、光学跃迁偶极矩以及跃迁能量等), 并利用双光子诱导荧光法考察了溶剂对其双光子吸收截面(δtpa)的影响. 研究结果表明, DCM衍生物的光学跃迁具有显著的分子内电荷转移特性, 不同末端取代基主要影响其稳态光谱性质, 而分支结构数目主要影响其双光子吸收截面. 研究结果还发现, 双光子吸收截面随分子结构的变化趋势符合双能级模型, 拉电子基团为丙二腈和1,3-茚二酮的DCM衍生物的δtpa随溶剂介电常数的增加呈现不同的变化趋势.     

Two-photon absorption in V-type chromophores with electron-rich heterocyclevinylene bridges

A series of V-type chromophores with electron-rich heterocyclevinylene bridges have been synthesized via Wittig-Horner-Emmons and Vilsmeier reactions.All the target chromophores showed strong one-photon and two-photon excited emission,and their electron properties could be tuned by using different heterocycles such as furan,thiophene and pyrrole moieties in I-III.The maximum two-photon absorption (TPA) cross sections occurred at 760 nm and were measured to be in the range of 400-800 GM.     

A Relative Study on Two-photon Absorption Properties of C60 and C70

We have theoretically investigated the one- and two-photon absorption properties of C60 and C70 using the ZINDO method. From the results it is suggested that the one-photon absorption spectra are in agreement with the experimental observations. It is found that the maximum TPA cross section of C70 is more than twice that of C60,which is consistent with the experimental results. A notable point is that the TPA process of C60 is different from that of C70 as well as other ordinary conjugated molecules.     

Theoretical Analysis on Optical Limiting Properties of Newly Synthesized Graphene Oxide-Porphyrin Composites (cited:2)

Optical limiting (OL) properties and two-photon absorption (TPA) of a series of covalently linked graphene oxide-porphyrin composite materials have been investigated by numerically solving the rate equations and field intensity equation with an iterative predictor-corrector finite-difference time-domain technique in nanosecond time domain. Our results show that graphene oxide-porphyrin composites exhibit enhanced OL behavior and possess larger TPA cross section compared with individual porphyrins. Interestingly, unlike the previous result that porphyrin with heavier central metal shows better nonlinear abilities than that with-out metal substitute, graphene oxide-metal free porphyrin composite has stronger nonlinear absorption properties compared with graphene oxide-metal porphyrin composite. The com-putational results are in reasonable agreement with the experimental ones. Special attention has been paid to the influence of thickness of the medium and pulse width on TPA cross sections, which presents that larger TPA cross sections are obtained as the medium is thicker or the pulse duration is wider.     

Solvent Effects on Two-Photon Absorption of Alkyne and Alkene π-bridging Chromophores

The present work concerns the study of solvent effects on the geometrical structures, as well as one- and two-photon absorption (TPA) processes, for two series of alkyne and alkene π-bridging molecules, within the framework of the polarization continuum model. Particular emphasis was put on the characterization of solvent effects on the molecular geometrical structures and geometric distortion, which were measured by the bond-length-alternation parameter. The π centres in the compounds are seen to play a decisive role in increasing the TPA cross section and nonlinear optical properties. All studied molecules have relatively strong TPA characteristics, while the alkyne π-bridging ones yield larger TPA cross sections.     

E/Z Molecular Photoswitches Activated by Two-Photon Absorption: Comparison between Different Families

Nonlinear optical techniques as two-photon absorption (TPA) have raised relevant interest within the last years due to the capability to excite chromophores with photons of wavelength equal to only half of the corresponding one-photon absorption energy. At the same time, its probability being proportional to the square of the light source intensity, it allows a better spatial control of the light-induced phenomenon. Although a consistent number of experimental studies focus on increasing the TPA cross section, very few of them are devoted to the study of photochemical phenomena induced by TPA. Here, we show a design strategy to find suitable E/Z photoswitches that can be activated by TPA. A theoretical approach is followed to predict the TPA cross sections related to different excited states of various photoswitches’ families, finally concluding that protonated Schiff-bases (retinal)-like photoswitches outperform compared to the others. The donor-acceptor substitution effect is therefore rationalized for the successful TPA activatable photoswitch, in order to maximize its properties, finally also forecasting a possible application in optogenetics. Some experimental measurements are also carried out to support our conclusions.     

含1,3,5-三嗪和三苯胺的二苯乙烯类双光子材料

合成了以三苯胺为电子给体、1,3,5-三嗪为电子受体的新型二苯乙烯类化合物．用吸收光谱、荧光光谱、飞行质谱、核磁共振氢谱和碳谱进行了表征。这些化合物具有大的双光子吸收截面和强的频率上转换荧光,其中,由三个D-π-A结构的发色团形成的三枝状八偶极分子具有最大的双光子吸收截面和最强的双光子荧光。     

Theoretical Studies on the One‐ and Two‐Photon Absorption Properties of Double‐bis(styryl)benzene Derivatives

Two series of bis(styryl)benzene derivatives (BSBD), namely the single‐BSBD and the double‐BSBD, were investigated. The equilibrium geometries and electronic structures were obtained by using the density functional theory B3LYP and 6‐31G basis set. In succession, the one‐ and two‐photon absorption properties of all the molecules were studied theoretically with a ZINDO‐SOS (sum‐over‐states) method in detail. It can be seen that the double‐BSBDs have larger two‐photon absorption (TPA) cross sections in the visible‐IR range than the corresponding single‐BSBDs, demonstrating that increasing the molecular dimension is a very effective method to enhance the values of the TPA cross sections. On the other hand, it can be also noticed that the values of the TPA cross sections are correlative with the ability of donating (accepting) electrons of the terminal substituent groups R [N(CH₃)₂, CH₃, H and CF₃] in these molecules. That is, the intramolecular charge transfer is also a factor for the enhancement of the TPA efficiency. To sum up, the idea of increasing the molecular dimension to enhance the TPA cross section value is a helpful direction to explore better TPA materials for practical applications. And the double‐BSBD molecules are promising TPA materials for the further investigation from the standpoint of the high transparency and the larger TPA cross sections.     

Multipolar Porphyrin-Triazatruxene Arrays for Two-Photon Fluorescence Cell Imaging

Two-photon excited fluorescent (TPEF) materials are highly desirable for bioimaging applications owing to their unique characteristics of deep-tissue penetration and high spatiotemporal resolution. Herein, by connecting one, two, or three electron-deficient zinc porphyrin units to an electron-rich triazatruxene core via ethynyl π-bridges, conjugated multipolar molecules TAT-(ZnP) _n (n=1–3) were developed as TPEF materials for cell imaging. The three new dyes present high fluorescence quantum yields (0.40–0.47) and rationally improved two-photon absorption (TPA) properties. In particular, the peak TPA cross section of TAT-ZnP (436 GM) is significantly larger than that of the ZnP reference (59 GM). The δ_TPA values of TAT-(ZnP)₂ and TAT-(ZnP)₃ further increase to 1031 and up to 1496 GM, respectively, indicating the effect of incorporated ZnP units on the TPA properties. The substantial improvement of the TPEF properties is attributed to the formation of π-conjugated quadrapole/octupole molecules and the extension of D -π-A-D systems, which has been rationalized by density function theory (DFT) calculations. Moreover, all of the three new dyes display good biocompatibility and preferential targeting ability toward cytomembrane, thus can be superior candidates for TPEF imaging of living cells. Overall, this work demonstrated a promising strategy for the development of porphyrin-based TPEF materials by the construction and extension of D -π-A-D multipolar array.     

多支结构的吡嗪衍生物的合成及其双光子吸收性质

合成了一系列含有双支、三支和四支的吡嗪衍生物, 测定了它们的线性吸收和发射性质以及双光子吸收和发射性质. 随着吡嗪环上侧链数目的增加(支链数目从2到4), 吸收光谱(吸收峰位于290～390 nm)、荧光谱(发射峰位于400～510 nm)和双光子荧光谱(激发波长720 nm)都发生红移, 荧光量子产率也逐渐增强(从0.13增大到0.25). 另外, 从双支到四支结构, 双光子吸收截面σ按照1∶2.8∶3.7的比例增加, 接近于支链数目的平方之比(1∶2.25∶4), 表明多支结构的双光子吸收存在显著的增强效应, 其中四支结构的σ值为1007 GM. 实验中还发现, 对于具有相同支链数目的化合物, 邻、对位的取代模式比间位取代模式具有更强的单光子和双光子荧光性质.     

Theoretical investigation on the two-photon absorption of C60

We present a theoretical study on the two-photon absorption (TPA) properties of C₆₀. On the basis of the equilibrium geometry optimized by B3LYP/6-31G method, we employ the ZINDO method combined SOS formula to investigate the second hyperpolarizability and TPA cross section of C₆₀. The calculated result of the real part of the second hyperpolarizability of C₆₀ is in good agreement with the previous calculation and the experimental observation. In the 400–1000 nm range of TPA wavelength, we calculated TPA cross sections corresponding to all two photon allowed states. As a result, we find that there is only a TPA cross section maximum—995.7×10⁻⁵⁰ cm⁴ s/photon at 518 nm. Another interesting phenomenon is that C₆₀ possesses the distinct TPA process in contrast to other conjugated molecules in terms of three-state approximation. This paper provides a theoretical basis of further studying TPA properties of C₆₀.