分子存储材料的设计和思路探讨

从低年级本科生的视角对新型分子存储材料的设计提出设想,尝试以超分子光切换器件为核心构造存储功能分子,结合超分子光化学、超分子光转化和能量转移器件以及超分子电活性材料等方面的知识研究了信息在分子尺度上的传递、记录和表达。并对该方案的可行性、理论模型及其读写过程以何种方式完成进行了分析与探讨。     

分子印迹手性分离过程的热力学研究

以丙烯酰胺为功能单体, 以二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯为交联剂, 在模板分子N-叔丁氧羰酰-L-色氨酸(N-Boc-L-Trp)和N-叔丁氧羰酰-L-酪氨酸(N-Boc-L-Tyr)的存在下, 分别采用光引发聚合和热引发聚合制备了N-Boc-L-Trp和N-Boc-L-Tyr的分子印迹聚合物(MIPs), 进行分子印迹手性分离过程的热力学研究. 测定了分离过程的熵变、焓变和自由能变化. 结果显示, 在流动相中添加异丙醇或甲醇等强氢键竞争性溶剂时, 熵变对分离起到了主要作用, 而且分离过程中的溶剂化对分离的影响也非常大. 分子印迹聚合物对印迹分子和非印迹分子进行分子识别的主要作用是印迹聚合物与印迹分子匹配的三维空间结构.     

可溶液加工p-n多臂结构共轭分子的设计合成与应用

设计合成了两种以p型苯基咔唑为核,n型苯并噻二唑衍生物为臂的p-n多臂结构共轭分子S1和S2.通过1H NMR,13C NMR,GC-MS/MALDI-TOF等表征了其化学结构,研究了其光物理性质、热力学性质、电化学性质及其电子结构等,并作为活性材料应用于制备有机太阳能电池器件.实验结果表明所得的p-n多臂结构共轭分子表现出良好的溶液加工性、较宽的光谱吸收、较窄的能隙和较高的开路电压等特性.     

光响应超分子聚合物

超分子聚合物是超分子化学、高分子化学和材料化学领域的研究热点.将光响应的功能基团以非共价作用构筑到超分子聚合物体系中,得到光响应型超分子聚合物,从而能够将超分子聚合物的独特性质与光化学反应的优势有效地结合起来,从而构筑新型的光功能材料.本文总结了近年来本课题组有关光响应超分子聚合物方面的研究工作:介绍了主链型的光响应超分子聚合物的光调控组装和解离,超分子聚合物和共价聚合物的光控可逆切换和光调控组装形貌;另外还举例介绍了具有自修复和室温磷光发射等功能的侧链型光响应超分子聚合物,并对刺激-响应的超分子聚合物领域的发展做了展望.     

苯并噻二唑类电子受体材料分子设计与给-受体的理论匹配

设计并理论预测了一系列A'-π-A-π-A'型苯并噻二唑衍生物电子受体分子的几何构型、前线轨道特征、吸光性质及电子重组能等信息,同时考察了丙酮、氯苯溶剂对其性质的影响. 在此基础上将性能优异的受体分子与特定给体分子组合构建给-受体（D-A）界面,通过计算给体HOMO与受体LUMO之间的电子耦合V_if,评估了D-A界面载流子的复合程度. 结果表明,合理选择取代基对核心受体苯并噻二唑进行修饰是调节LUMO能级和能隙的有效方法. 将平面性好的受体材料与非平面型给体材料搭配作为有机太阳能电池光活性层材料,有可能达到降低界面复合、减小光电压损失和提高开路电压的目的. 综合考虑ΔE_L,V_if,光吸收效率及溶剂化效应等因素,D1-1aγ及D1-2aγ组合有望成为电子迁移率高、在可见光和近红外区吸收宽、界面激子可以有效分离且不易复合的理想给-受体分子组合.     

超分子凝胶中的光化学反应

超分子凝胶中的光化学反应是比较特殊的一类反应,通常是将具有光响应活性的基团或分子引入到超分子凝胶的自组装体系中,因此,能够将超分子凝胶独特的性质与光化学反应的优势有效地结合起来,构筑新型的光功能材料,这使得此类超分子凝胶在光信息存储、光开关及光转换器件等前沿领域具有广阔的应用前景.本文主要总结近年来国内外包括作者课题组对超分子凝胶中光化学反应方面的研究进展,以及其在多重响应凝胶、手性光学开关以及手性合成方面的应用.     

星型多支化p-n结构窄带隙共轭分子的设计合成与性能研究

通过Suzuki偶联反应合成了三种多支化p-n结构窄带隙材料P1, P2和P3. 通过¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, GC-MS/MALDI-TOF等表征了其化学结构, 并研究了其光物理性质、热力学性质、电化学性质及其电子结构与光电性能等. 结果表明这三种星型分子具有溶解性好、能隙窄、吸收光谱宽及热稳定性高等特点.     

二苯丙氨酸二肽组装体的光学性质及潜在应用

二苯丙氨酸二肽是导致阿尔兹海默症的β-淀粉样蛋白的关键识别序列。因其结构简单、组装性能优异,日益成为分子组装领域构筑功能材料的“明星”基元。目前,围绕二苯丙氨酸二肽及其衍生物的可控组装, 人们已经开展了大量的研究工作, 包括分子设计、结构调控和功能应用等。本课题组利用分子组装技术,通过调节分子间相互作用,实现了二苯丙氨酸二肽组装体的可控制备,并探索了它们的光学性质以及潜在应用。本文归纳分析了二苯丙氨酸二肽组装体的光功能化方法,详细介绍了这些短肽基光功能材料在光波导、光学成像、光动力治疗、光学制造和光催化等领域的应用,并初步提出了今后可能的发展方向。     

含对溴苯基的新型DNA切割剂的合成及活性研究

人工合成的光引发活性 DNA切割剂在化学、生物学和医药等领域中具有重要的学术意义和潜在的应用价值 [1,2 ] .DNA切割分子可以在光的引发下切割 DNA,它的优点在于对体系从时间和空间上进行控制 .目前已经成功地合成出芳香族卤化物、醌类、金属络合物、 C60 衍生物等多种光引发活性 DNA切割剂 .将 DNA识别分子与光切割分子相连 ,则可以合成具有识别功能的光引发活性 DNA切割分子 .卤代苯基是一类重要的光活性基团 ,在紫外光引发下 ,生成苯基自由基切割 DNA[3 ] .偏端霉素是含有 3个吡咯环的寡聚酰胺 ,它是一种天然的抗肿瘤抗生素 ,…     

分子印迹智能水凝胶的研究进展

智能水凝胶可以响应外界环境(如温度、pH、溶剂、离子强度、电场、磁场、光、压力和特异分子等)的变化,发生可逆体积相变,从而具有控制释放的能力.将分子印迹技术引入智能水凝胶,制备分子印迹智能水凝胶,不仅可以保持其环境响应性,更赋予其对特异分子的识别性能,从而可以根据外界环境的变化控制其对特定分子记忆功能的开关,实现自动识别并结合或释放特定分子.它有望应用于药物控释、生物传感和免疫分析等领域.本文综述了分子印迹智能水凝胶的研究现状,讨论了其目前所面临的挑战,并展望了其发展前景.     

Stereoelectronic properties of spiroquinazolinones in differential PDE7 inhibitory activity

A detailed computational study on a series of spiroquinazolinones showing phosphodiesterase 7 (PDE7) inhibitory activity was performed to understand the binding mode and the role of stereoelectronic properties in binding. Our docking studies reproduced the essential hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions for inhibitors of this class of enzymes. The N1 proton of the quinazolinone scaffold was involved in H-bonding to an amide side chain of the conserved glutamine residue in the active site. The central bicyclic ring of the molecules showed hydrophobic and pi-stacking interactions with hydrophobic and aromatic amino acid residues, respectively, present in the PDE7 active site. The docked conformations were optimized with density functional theory (DFT) and DFT electronic properties were calculated. Comparison of molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) plots of inhibitors with the active site of PDE7 suggested that the electronic distribution in the molecules is as important as steric factors for binding of the molecules to the receptor. The hydrogen bonding ability and nucleophilic nature of N1 appeared to be important for governing the interaction with PDE7. For less active inhibitors (pIC(50) < 6.5), the MEP maximum at N1 of the spiroquinazolinone ring was high or low based on the electronic properties of the substituents. All the more active molecules (pIC(50) > 6.5) had MEP highest at N3, not N1. Efficient binding of these inhibitors may need some rearrangement of side chains of active-site residues, especially Asn365. This computational modeling study should aid in design of new molecules in this class with improved PDE7 inhibition.     

Supramolecular Clippers for Controlling Photophysical Processes through Preorganized Chromophores

A novel supramolecular clipping design for influencing the photophysical properties of functional molecular assemblies, by the preorganization (clipping) of chromophores, is described. Several chromophores end functionalized with molecular recognition units were designed. These molecular recognition units serve as handles to appropriately position these systems upon noncovalent interactions with multivalent guest molecules (supramolecular clippers). Towards this goal, we have synthesized 1,5‐dialkoxynaphthalene (DAN) and naphthalenediimide (NDI) functionalized with dipicolylethylenediamine (DPA) motifs. These molecules could preorganize upon noncovalent clipping with adenosine di‐ or triphosphates, which resulted in preassociated excimers and mixed (cofacial) charge‐transfer (CT) assemblies. Chiral guest binding could also induce supramolecular chirality, not only into the individual chromophoric assembly but also into the heteromeric CT organization, as seen from the strong circular dichroism (CD) signal of the CT transition. The unique ability of this design to influence the intermolecular interactions by changing the binding strength of the clippers furthermore makes it very attractive for controlling the bimolecular photophysical processes.     

Smart self-assembled hybrid hydrogel biomaterials

Hybrid biomaterials are systems created from components of at least two distinct classes of molecules, for example, synthetic macromolecules and proteins or peptide domains. The synergistic combination of two types of structures may produce new materials that possess unprecedented levels of structural organization and novel properties. This Review focuses on biorecognition-driven self-assembly of hybrid macromolecules into functional hydrogel biomaterials. First, basic rules that govern the secondary structure of peptides are discussed, and then approaches to the specific design of hybrid systems with tailor-made properties are evaluated, followed by a discussion on the similarity of design principles of biomaterials and macromolecular therapeutics. Finally, the future of the field is briefly outlined.     

基于超分子结构共掺杂纳米复合薄膜的制备与荧光特性

A novel materials design procedure based on the co-doping of metal nanoparticle and azo dye compound (MNPADC) is developed to improve the properties of functional molecules. The synthesized materials were characterized by transmission electron micrograph (TEM), ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra (UV-Vis) and fluorescence spectra (FS). It was found that the fluorescence intensity of methyl orange (MO) was enhanced by 5 times in the aqueous composite system doped with silver nanoparticles whereas it was reduced by 15% and 20% in composite films with co-mixing and coating structures, respectively. The results indicate that the properties of functional molecules can be greatly improved in composite film with supra molecular structure and that the procedure presented here is effective.     

Molecular Engineering of Metal Alkoxides for Solution Phase Synthesis of High-Tech Metal Oxide Nanomaterials

The ‘bottom-up’ synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials with precision at the atomic/molecular level offers many opportunities for the design and improvement of the nanomaterials for various applications. Molecular engineering during soft chemical processing for the synthesis of functional nanomaterials enables the desired chemical and physical properties of the precursors, such as solubility or volatility, clean decomposition, control of stoichiometry for multimetallic species to name a few, and leads to easy control of uniform particle size distribution, stoichiometry…. This Minireview illustrates some important aspects of the molecular engineering in light of some recent developments from the molecular synthesis of nanomaterials involving non-silicon metal alkoxide systems for high-tech applications.     

Discovery of Structural Complexity through Self-Assembly of Molecules Containing Rodlike Components

Hierarchical structures are important for transferring and amplifying molecular functions to macroscopic properties of materials. In this regard, rodlike molecules have emerged as one of the most promising molecular building blocks to construct functional materials. Although the self-assembly of conventional molecules containing rodlike components generally results in nematic or layered smectic phases, due to the preferred parallel arrangements of rodlike components, extensive efforts have revealed that rational molecular design provides a versatile platform to engineer rich self-assembled structures. Herein, first successes achieved in polyphilic liquid crystals and rod–coil block systems are summarized. Special attention is paid to recent progress in the conjugation of rodlike building blocks with other molecular building blocks through the molecular Lego approach. Rod-based giant surfactants, sphere–rod conjugates, and dendritic rodlike molecules are covered. Future perspectives of the self-assembly of molecules containing rodlike components are also provided.     

X‐Shaped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Optical Properties and Tunable Assembly Ability

Although a number of synthetic methodologies have been developed to prepare stable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), much less research has been devoted to functionalizing the peripheries of molecules to tune the self‐assembly ability or introduce functional groups without altering their photophysical properties. Herein, we report twisted “X”‐shaped molecules prepared through annulation of hexacene with benzoanthracene on the zigzag edge, and an investigation of their photophysical properties and self‐assembly properties. The shape‐complementary “X”‐shaped molecules prefer to dimerize, while the π‐extension would lead to one‐dimensional π‐stacking. Our findings give some insights into the design of stable PAHs without disturbing the electronic structures.     

硫原子桥联芳基取代/稠合四硫富瓦烯

近年来,四硫富瓦烯(Tetrathiafulvalene,TTF)衍生物的设计合成、超分子组装、组装材料的物理性能研究及其在有机电子器件中的应用引起了人们广泛的研究兴趣。在本文中,我们简略综述硫原子桥联芳基取代/稠合四硫富瓦烯衍生物(Ar-S-TTF)的最新研究进展,包括其高效合成、电化学及光学性能研究、分子的结构特征/空间堆积方式,以及此类分子与球形原子簇(富勒烯、杂多酸)之间的超分子组装及组装材料的性能。     

Functional Material Systems Based on Soft Cages

Discrete molecular soft cages integrate multiple functionalities in one molecule. They express their functions from the confined space in their cavity, functional groups in the cavity interior wall and exterior wall, and the chelating nodes in many chelating cages. Such functional integrity render cage molecules special applications in material engineering. Increasing applications of cage molecules in material design have been reported in recent years. Compared with other cavity-rich molecular structures such as metal-organic framework (MOF) or covalent organic frameworks (COF), discrete soft cages present the unique advantage of material design flexibility, that they can easily composite with nanoparticles or polymers and exist in materials of various forms. We document the development of cage-based materials in recent years and expect to further inspire materials engineering to integrate contribution from the functionality specificity of cage molecules and ultimately promote the development of functional materials and thus human life qualities.     

Organic Spacers in 2D Perovskites: General Trends and Structure-Property Relationships from Computational Studies

Addition of large organic molecules to halide perovskites has been shown to provoke dimensionality reduction and formation of two-dimensional phases that demonstrate improved long-term stabilities. Optoelectronic properties of the resulting 2D layered perovskites are strongly influenced by the chemical nature of the additive molecules, which opens immense possibilities for preparation of materials with tailored properties. However, given the huge chemical space of possible organic spacers, a systematic and exhaustive search for optimal compounds is impossible and general structure–property relationships that could guide a rational design are still largely absent. Here, we provide an overview of a series of recent computational studies from our group on different types of spacers. We first develop a simplified universal monovalent cation model to map out approximate structural stability maps as a function of the van der Waals radius and the magnitude of dispersion interactions to monitor the possible emergence of 2D phases. We further provide structural and photophysical insights from classical and first-principles molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory calculations on 2D hybrid perovskites based on a wide range of spacers with different chemical nature and varying conformational properties. Our computational predictions are validated through comparison with powder diffraction, conductivity and optical measurements. Such comparative study allows for providing some general structure–property correlations, which can serve as design guidelines in the search for optimal 2D and mixed 2D/3D perovskite photovoltaic materials.