共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 670 毫秒
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采用密度泛函理论方法, 模拟了Rh(PPh3)3Cl催化的C-H键活化/C-C键偶联反应. 将反应机理分为C-H键活化、 迁移插入和还原消除3个过程进行讨论. 计算结果表明, 势能面的最高点为迁移插入的过渡态, 相对于初始原料的自由能为108.3 kJ/mol. 为了探索简化计算模型对模拟反应机理的影响, 使用2种模型催化剂Rh(PMe3)3Cl和Rh(PH3)3Cl表征相同的反应过程, 结果表明配体简化模型不合理, 主要是因为PPh3配体的空间效应和熵效应非常明显. 相似文献
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近年来,多米诺反应作为一种合成复杂分子的高效手段已得到有机合成化学家的广泛关注。该反应过程中,不需改变反应条件和添加试剂,中间体也无需分离和提纯,实现了原子经济和环境友好。通过C-H键活化直接构建碳-碳键和碳-杂原子键,大大拓展了传统偶联反应的底物范围,同样具有高原子经济性,已经广泛地作为多米诺反应中的一个高效步骤。此外,钯催化剂运用广泛,能够与多种官能团兼容,是多米诺反应的理想金属催化剂。本文综述了基于钯催化C-H键活化的多米诺反应的最新研究进展,以反应中钯的价态变化进行分类,介绍有关反应的特点、优势及其在天然产物合成中的应用。 相似文献
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Pd催化的配体导向C-H键官能化反应已经成为有机化学中一种重要的合成手段. 我们用B3PW91密度泛函方法研究了Pd催化的配体导向C-H键乙酰化反应中催化剂和底物配合步骤以及C-H键活化步骤中的热力学性质. 研究发现, 具有不同导向基团的反应物之间竞争反应的选择性取决于导向基团与Pd(OAc)2的配合步骤, 配合反应稳定常数大的较容易生成乙酰化的产物. 另一方面, 反应的选择性与C-H键的活化步骤无关, 并且与导向基团的配位原子的气相碱性、原子上的电荷密度以及最高占据轨道能量都没有相关性. 相似文献
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本文综述了饱和烃C-H键活化的新进展以及利用可溶过渡金属多氢化物对饱和烃C-H键进行活化、选择性催化官能化。 相似文献
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A theoretical investigation of the reaction mechanisms for C-H and C-C bond activation processes in the reaction of Ni with cycloalkanes C,,H2. (n = 3-7) is carried out. For the Ni + CnH2, (n = 3, 4) reactions, the major and minor reaction channels involve C-C and C-H bond activations, respectively, whereas Ni atom prefers the attacking of C-H bond over the C-C bond in CnH2n (n = 5=7). The results are in good agreement with the experimental study. In all cases, intermediates and transition states along the reaction paths of interest are characterized, It is found that both the C-H and C-C bond activation processes are proposed to proceed in a one-step manner via one transition state. The overall C-H and C-C bond activation processes are exothermic and involve low energy barriers, thus transition metal atom Ni is a good mediator for the activity of cycloalkanes CnH2n (n = 3 -7). 相似文献
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Cross-coupling reactions are among the most widely utilized methods for C-C bond formation; however, the requirement of preactivated starting materials still presents a major limitation. Methods that take direct advantage of the inherent reactivity of the C-H bond offer an efficient alternative to these methods, negating the requirement for substrate preactivation. In this process, two chemically distinct activation events culminate in the formation of the desired C-C bond with loss of H(2) as the only byproduct. Herein we report the catalytic asymmetric α-acylation of tertiary amines with aldehydes facilitated by the combination of chiral N-heterocyclic carbene catalysis and photoredox catalysis. 相似文献
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交叉脱氢偶联反应* 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
发现高效高选择性的有机合成反应是有机合成化学研究中一个重要的发展方向。传统的有机合成化学是建立在官能团相互转化基础上的,又称官能团化学。非活泼化学键(如C-H键)的直接官能团化省去了一步甚至多步制备官能团化的反应底物,因此,非活泼化学键活化是提高有机合成反应效率的一个重要发展方向。交叉脱氢偶联(Cross-Dehydrogenative-Coupling,CDC)反应就是直接利用不同反应底物中的C-H键,在氧化条件下,进行脱氢偶联反应形成C-C键。交叉脱氢偶联反应实现了更短的合成路线和更高的原子利用效率,为直接利用简单的原料进行高效的复杂的有机合成任务提供了一种新的思路和手段。 相似文献
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钴原子催化活化乙烷的反应机理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法分别在两种不同基组水平上, 研究了Co原子催化乙烷反应的反应机理, 优化了反应过程中各反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物的构型, 并在同一水平上计算了反应中各驻点的振动频率, 运用自然键轨道理论(NBO)方法分析了各物质的成键情况和轨道间相互作用. 在两种不同基组水平上研究所得的反应历程及相应的能量变化趋势是一致的, 其活化过程可分为C—C键活化及C—H键活化, 分别释放出CH4和H2, 反应速控步骤的活化能后者较前者低, 因此, C—H键的活化较C—C 键活化容易进行. 相似文献
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Gandelman M Shimon LJ Milstein D 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2003,9(18):4295-4300
Based on the PCN ligand 2, a remarkable degree of control over C-C versus C-H bond activation and versus formation of an agostic C-C complex was demonstrated by choice of cationic [Rh(CO)(n)(C(2)H(4))(2-n)] (n=0, 1, 2) precursors. Whereas reaction of 2 with [Rh(C(2)H(4))(2)(solv)(n)]BF(4) results in exclusive C-C bond activation to yield product 5, reaction with the dicarbonyl precursor [Rh(CO)(2)(solv)(n)]BF(4) leads to formation of the C-H activated complex 9. The latter process is promoted by intramolecular deprotonation of the C-H bond by the hemilabile amine arm of the PCN ligand. The mixed monocarbonyl monoethylene Rh species [Rh(CO)(C(2)H(4))]BF(4) reacts with the PCN ligand 2 to give an agostic complex 7. The C-C activated complex 5 is easily converted to the C-H activated one (9) by reaction with CO; the reaction proceeds by a unique sequence of 1,2-metal-to-carbon methyl shift, agostic interaction, and C-H activation processes. Similarly, the C-C agostic complex 7 is converted to the same C-H activated product 9 by treatment with CO. 相似文献
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A Cu(II)/I2-mediated C-H bond activation is described. A variety of 2-phenylpyridine derivatives are oxidatively dimerized at the ortho-position of the phenyl ring in which a net loss of two hydrogen atoms results in the formation of a biaryl compound via a double C-H activation/C-C bond-forming process. Moderate functional group tolerance was observed on both the aryl and the pyridyl rings. A single electron transfer (SET) or electrophilic metalation process for iodination followed by Ullmann coupling of the intermediate iodinated product is proposed as the operating mechanism for the dimerization process. 相似文献