Existence of log canonical flips and a special LMMP

Let (X/Z,B+A) be a Q-factorial dlt pair where B,A??0 are Q-divisors and K _X +B+A?? _Q 0/Z. We prove that any LMMP/Z on K _X +B with scaling of an ample/Z divisor terminates with a good log minimal model or a Mori fibre space. We show that a more general statement follows from the ACC for lc thresholds. An immediate corollary of these results is that log flips exist for log canonical pairs.     

Tychonoff expansions with prescribed resolvability properties

The recent literature offers examples, specific and hand-crafted, of Tychonoff spaces (in ZFC) which respond negatively to these questions, due respectively to Ceder and Pearson (1967) [3] and to Comfort and García-Ferreira (2001) [5]: (1) Is every ω-resolvable space maximally resolvable? (2) Is every maximally resolvable space extraresolvable? Now using the method of KID expansion, the authors show that every suitably restricted Tychonoff topological space (X,T) admits a larger Tychonoff topology (that is, an “expansion”) witnessing such failure. Specifically the authors show in ZFC that if (X,T) is a maximally resolvable Tychonoff space with S(X,T)?Δ(X,T)=κ, then (X,T) has Tychonoff expansions U=Ui (1?i?5), with Δ(X,Ui)=Δ(X,T) and S(X,Ui)?Δ(X,Ui), such that (X,Ui) is: (i=1) ω-resolvable but not maximally resolvable; (i=2) [if κ^′ is regular, with S(X,T)?κ^′?κ] τ-resolvable for all τ<κ^′, but not κ^′-resolvable; (i=3) maximally resolvable, but not extraresolvable; (i=4) extraresolvable, but not maximally resolvable; (i=5) maximally resolvable and extraresolvable, but not strongly extraresolvable.     

Weighted composition operators between weighted spaces of vector-valued holomorphic functions on Banach spaces

Let B(E, F) be the Banach Space of all continuous linear operators from a Banach Space E into a Banach space F. Let U_X and U_Y be balanced open subsets of Banach spaces X and Y, respectively. Let V and W be two Nachbin families of continuous weights on U_X and U_Y, respectively. Let HV(U_X, E) (or HV₀(U_X, E)) and HW(U_Y, F) (or HW₀(U_Y, F)) be the weighted spaces of vector-valued holomorphic functions. In this paper, we investigate the holomorphic mappings ? : U_Y → U_X and ψ : U_Y → B(E, F) which generate weighted composition operators between these weighted spaces.     

Homomorphisms and composition operators on algebras of analytic functions of bounded type

Let U and V be convex and balanced open subsets of the Banach spaces X and Y, respectively. In this paper we study the following question: given two Fréchet algebras of holomorphic functions of bounded type on U and V, respectively, that are algebra isomorphic, can we deduce that X and Y (or X^* and Y^*) are isomorphic? We prove that if X^* or Y^* has the approximation property and H_wu(U) and H_wu(V) are topologically algebra isomorphic, then X^* and Y^* are isomorphic (the converse being true when U and V are the whole space). We get analogous results for H_b(U) and H_b(V), giving conditions under which an algebra isomorphism between H_b(X) and H_b(Y) is equivalent to an isomorphism between X^* and Y^*. We also obtain characterizations of different algebra homomorphisms as composition operators, study the structure of the spectrum of the algebras under consideration and show the existence of homomorphisms on H_b(X) with pathological behaviors.     

The rate of the normal approximation for jackknifingU-statistics

Let U_n be a U-statistic with symmetric kernel h(x,y) such that Eh(X_1,X_2)=θ and Var E[h(X_1,X_2)-θ|X_j]>0.Let f(x) be a function defined on R and f″ be bounded.If f(θ) is the parameterof interest,a natural estimator is f(U_n).It is known that the distribution function of z_n=(n~(1/2){Jf(U_n)-f(θ)})/(S_n~*) converges to the standard normal distribution Φ(x) as n→∞,where Jf(U_n) isthe jackknife estimator of f(U_n),and S_n~(*2) is the jackknife estimator of the asymptotic variance ofn~(1/2) Jf(U_n).It is of theoretical value to study the rate of the normal approximation of the statistic.In this paper,assuming the existence of fourth moment of h(X_1,X_2),we show that(?)|P{z_n≤x}-Φ(x)|=O(n~(-1/2)log n).This improves the earlier results of Cheng(1981).     

Harmonic measures for a point may form a square

Let X be a Green domain in Rd, d?2, x∈X, and let Mx(P(X)) denote the compact convex set of all representing measures for x. Recently it has been proven that the set of harmonic measures , U open in X, x∈U, which is contained in the set of extreme points of Mx(P(X)), is dense in Mx(P(X)). In this paper, it is shown that Mx(P(X)) is not a simplex (and hence not a Poulsen simplex). This is achieved by constructing open neighborhoods U₀, U₁, U₂, U₃ of x such that the harmonic measures are pairwise different and . In fact, these measures form a square with respect to a natural L²-structure. Since the construction is mainly based on having certain symmetries, it can be carried out just as well for Riesz potentials, the Heisenberg group (or any stratified Lie algebra), and the heat equation (or more general parabolic situations).     

On the consistency of some partition theorems for continuous colorings,and the structure of ℵ1-dense real order types

We present some techniques in c.c.c. forcing, and apply them to prove consistency results concerning the isomorphism and embeddability relations on the family of ?₁-dense sets of real numbers. In this direction we continue the work of Baumgartner [2] who proved the axiom BA stating that every two ?₁-dense subsets of $\text{R}$ are isomorphic, is consistent. We e.g. prove Con(BA+(2^?₀>?₂)). Let <K^H,<> be the set of order types of ?₁-dense homogeneous subsets of $\text{R}$ with the relation of embeddability. We prove that for every finite model <L, <->: Con(MA+ <K^H, <-> ? <L, <->) iff L is a distributive lattice. We prove that it is consistent that the Magidor-Malitz language is not countably compact. We deal with the consistency of certain topological partition theorems. E.g. We prove that MA is consistent with the axiom OCA which says: “If X is a second countable space of power ?₁, and {U₀,\h.;,U_n?1} is a cover of D(X)

XxX-}<x,x>¦x?X} consisting of symmetric open sets, then X can be partitioned into {X_i \brvbar; i ? ω} such that for every i ? ω there is l<n such that D(X_i)?U_l”. We also prove that MA+OCA [xrArr] 2 ?₀ = ?₂.     

Nonlinear equations involving m-accretive operators

Let X be a Banach space and T an m-accretive operator defined on a subset D(T) of X and taking values in 2^x. For the class of spaces whose bounded closed and convex subsets have the fixed point property for nonexpansive self-mappings, it is shown here that two boundary conditions which imply existence of zeroes for T, appear to be equivalent. This fact is then used to prove that if there exists x₀?D(T) and a bounded open neighborhood U of x₀, such that $\text{¦T(x}{}_0\text{)¦ < r ? ¦T(x)¦}$ for all x??U ∩ D(T), then the open ball B(0; r) is contained in the range of T.     

Perverse coherent sheaves and the geometry of special pieces in the unipotent variety

Let X be a scheme of finite type over a Noetherian base scheme S admitting a dualizing complex, and let U⊂X be an open set whose complement has codimension at least 2. We extend the Deligne-Bezrukavnikov theory of perverse coherent sheaves by showing that a coherent intermediate extension (or intersection cohomology) functor from perverse sheaves on U to perverse sheaves on X may be defined for a much broader class of perversities than has previously been known. We also introduce a derived category version of the coherent intermediate extension functor.Under suitable hypotheses, we introduce a construction (called “S₂-extension”) in terms of perverse coherent sheaves of algebras on X that takes a finite morphism to U and extends it in a canonical way to a finite morphism to X. In particular, this construction gives a canonical “S₂-ification” of appropriate X. The construction also has applications to the “Macaulayfication” problem, and it is particularly well-behaved when X is Gorenstein.Our main goal, however, is to address a conjecture of Lusztig on the geometry of special pieces (certain subvarieties of the unipotent variety of a reductive algebraic group). The conjecture asserts in part that each special piece is the quotient of some variety (previously unknown for the exceptional groups and in positive characteristic) by the action of a certain finite group. We use S₂-extension to give a uniform construction of the desired variety.     

Normal systems over ANR’s, rigid embeddings and nonseparable absorbing sets

Most of results of Bestvina and Mogilski [Characterizing certain incomplete infinite-di-mensional absolute retracts. Michigan Math. J., 33, 291-313 (1986)] on strong Z-sets in ANR's and absorbing sets is generalized to nonseparable case. It is shown that if an ANR X is locally homotopy dense embeddable in infinite-dimensional Hilbert manifolds and w(U ) = w(X ) (where "w"is the topological weight) for each open nonempty subset U of X , then X itself is homotopy dense embeddable in a Hilbert manifold. It is also demonstrated that whenever X is an AR, its weak product W (X, ) = {(x n ) ∞ n=1 ∈ X ω : x n = for almost all n} is homeomorphic to a pre-Hilbert space E with E ～ = ΣE. An intrinsic characterization of manifolds modelled on such pre-Hilbert spaces is given.     

Adjoints and pluricanonical adjoints to an algebraic hypersurface

. We develop the theory of canonical and pluricanonical adjoints, of global canonical and pluricanonical adjoints, and of adjoints and global adjoints to an irreducible, algebraic hypersurface V?? ⁿ , under certain hypotheses on the singularities of V. We subsequently apply the results of the theory to construct a non-singular threefold of general type X, desingularization of a hypersurface V of degree six in ?⁴, having the birational invariants q ₁=q ₂=p _g =0, P ₂=P ₃=5. We demonstrate that the bicanonical map ? _|2KX| is birational and finally, as a consequence of the Riemann–Roch theorem and vanishing theorems, we prove that any non-singular model Y, birationally equivalent to X, has the canonical divisors K _Y that do not (simultaneously) satisfy the two properties: (K _Y ³)>0 and K _Y numerically effective.     

The Mukai conjecture for log Fano manifolds

For a log Fano manifold (X,D) with D ≠ 0 and of the log Fano pseudoindex ≥2, we prove that the restriction homomorphism Pic(X) → Pic(D ₁) of Picard groups is injective for any irreducible component D ₁ ? D. The strategy of our proof is to run a certain minimal model program and is similar to Casagrande’s argument. As a corollary, we prove that the Mukai conjecture (resp. the generalized Mukai conjecture) implies the log Mukai conjecture (resp. the log generalized Mukai conjecture).     

Semi-crossed products of C1-algebras

Given a C¹-algebra $\text{U}$ and endomorphim α, there is an associated nonselfadjoint operator algebra $\text{Z}$⁺ X_α$\text{U}$, called the semi-crossed product of $\text{U}$ with α. If α is an automorphim, $\text{Z}$⁺ X_α$\text{U}$ can be identified with a subalgebra of the C¹-crossed product $\text{Z}$⁺ X_α$\text{U}$. If $\text{U}$ is commutative and α is an automorphim satisfying certain conditions, $\text{Z}$⁺ X_α$\text{U}$ is an operator algebra of the type studied by Arveson and Josephson. Suppose S is a locally compact Hausdorff space, φ: S → S is a continuous and proper map, and α is the endomorphim of U=C₀(S) given by α(?) = ? ō φ. Necessary and sufficient conditions on the map φ are given to insure that the semi-crossed product Z⁺X_αC₀(S) is (i) semiprime; (ii) semisimple; (ii) strongly semisimple.     

Generalized difference sequence spaces and their dual spaces

The definition of the pα-, pβ- and pγ-duals of a sequence space was defined by Et [Internat. J. Math. Math. Sci. 24 (2000) 785-791]. In this paper we compute pα- and N-duals of the sequence spaces Δ^m_v(X) for X=?_∞, c and c₀, and compute β- and γ-duals of the sequence spaces Δ^m_v(X) for X=?_∞, c and c₀.     

The variety of the asymptotic values of a real polynomial etale map

A polynomial map F: R² → R² is said to satisfy the Jacobian condition if ∀(X, Y)ϵ R², J(F)(X, Y) ≠ 0. The real Jacobian conjecture was the assertion that such a map is a global diffeomorphism. Recently the conjecture was shown to be false by S. Pinchuk. According to a theorem of J. Hadamard any counterexample to the conjecture must have asymptotic values. We give the structure of the variety of all the asymptotic values of a polynomial map F: R² → R² that satisfies the Jacobian condition. We prove that the study of the asymptotic values of such maps can be reduced to those maps that have only X- or Y-finite asymptotic values. We prove that a Y-finite asymptotic value can be realized by F along a rational curve of the type (X^{− k}, A₀ + A₁ X + … + A_{N − 1} X^{N − 1} + YX^N), where X → 0, Y is fixed and K, N > 0 are integers. More precisely we prove that the coordinate polynomials P(U, V) of F(U, V) satisfy finitely many asymptotic identities, namely, identities of the following type, P(X^{− k}, A₀ + A₁ X + … + A_{N − 1} X^{N − 1} + YX^N) = A(X, Y)ϵ R[X, Y], which ‘capture’ the whole set of asymptotic values of F.     

Resolvability of spaces having small spread or extent

In a recent paper O. Pavlov proved the following two interesting resolvability results:

(1)

If a T₁-space X satisfies Δ(X)>ps(X) then X is maximally resolvable.

(2)

If a T₃-space X satisfies Δ(X)>pe(X) then X is ω-resolvable.

Here ps(X) (pe(X)) denotes the smallest successor cardinal such that X has no discrete (closed discrete) subset of that size and Δ(X) is the smallest cardinality of a non-empty open set in X.In this note we improve (1) by showing that Δ(X)>ps(X) can be relaxed to Δ(X)?ps(X), actually for an arbitrary topological space X. In particular, if X is any space of countable spread with Δ(X)>ω then X is maximally resolvable.The question if an analogous improvement of (2) is valid remains open, but we present a proof of (2) that is simpler than Pavlov's.     

On log canonical divisors that are log quasi-numerically positive

Let (X Δ) be a four-dimensional log variety that is projective over the field of complex numbers. Assume that (X, Δ) is not Kawamata log terminal (klt) but divisorial log terminal (dlt). First we introduce the notion of “log quasi-numerically positive”, by relaxing that of “numerically positive”. Next we prove that, if the log canonical divisorK _X+Δ is log quasi-numerically positive on (X, Δ) then it is semi-ample.     

The canonical sheaf of Du Bois singularities

We prove that a Cohen-Macaulay normal variety X has Du Bois singularities if and only if π_∗ωX^′(G)?ωX for a log resolution π:X^′→X, where G is the reduced exceptional divisor of π. Many basic theorems about Du Bois singularities become transparent using this characterization (including the fact that Cohen-Macaulay log canonical singularities are Du Bois). We also give a straightforward and self-contained proof that (generalizations of) semi-log-canonical singularities are Du Bois, in the Cohen-Macaulay case. It also follows that the Kodaira vanishing theorem holds for semi-log-canonical varieties and that Cohen-Macaulay semi-log-canonical singularities are cohomologically insignificant in the sense of Dolgachev.     

Rudin's Dowker space, strong base-normality and base-strong-zero-dimensionality

It is well known that every pair of disjoint closed subsets F₀,F₁ of a normal T₁-space X admits a star-finite open cover U of X such that, for every U∈U, either or holds. We define a T₁-space X to be strongly base-normal if there is a base B for X with |B|=w(X) satisfying that every pair of disjoint closed subsets F₀,F₁ of X admits a star-finite cover B^′ of X by members of B such that, for every B∈B^′, either or holds. We prove that there is a base-normal space which is not strongly base-normal. Moreover, we show that Rudin's Dowker space is strongly base-(collectionwise)normal. Strong zero-dimensionality on base-normal spaces are also studied.