Submillimeter wave induced resistance oscillations in ultra-high mobility two-dimensional electron systems

Submillimeter wave induced resistance oscillations in two ultra-high mobility GaAs/Al_0.24Ga_0.76As quantum well samples have been investigated by means of a backward wave oscillator and far-infrared laser at ³He temperatures. Subnikov–de Haas oscillation, submillimeter wave induced resistance oscillation, and magnetoplasmon resonance occur simultaneously in this frequency regime. The primary radiation induced resistance minimum shifts toward cyclotron resonance with increasing radiation frequency. The positions of these minima agree well with those of the magnetoplasmon resonance. The higher-order harmonics of the resistance oscillation remain around the multiples of the cyclotron resonance frequency. An in situ transmission measurement exhibits an asymmetric broadening of the cyclotron resonance, appearing as a combination of the cyclotron resonance and the magnetoplasmon resonance, but no features directly linked to the microwave induced resistance oscillation can be seen.     

A two-frequency acoustic technique for bubble resonant oscillation studies

A two-frequency acoustic apparatus has been developed to study the dynamics of a single gas or vapor bubble in water. An advantage of the apparatus is its capability of trapping a bubble by an ultrasonic standing wave while independently driving it into oscillations by a second lower frequency acoustic wave. For a preliminary application, the apparatus is used to study resonant oscillations. First, near-resonant coupling between the volume and the n = 3 shape oscillation modes of air bubbles at room temperature is studied, where n is the mode number. The stability boundary, amplitude versus frequency, of the volume oscillation forms a wedge centered at the resonant frequency, which qualitatively agrees with a theoretical prediction based on a phase-space analysis. Next, the resonant volume oscillations of vapor bubbles are studied. The resonant radius of vapor bubbles at 80 degrees C driven at 1682 Hz is determined to be 0.7 mm, in agreement with a prediction obtained by numerical simulation.     

Anharmonic Bloch Oscillation of Electrons in Biased Superlattices

The oscillatory motion of electrons in a periodic potential under a constant applied electric field, known as Bloch oscillations (BO), is one of the most striking and intriguing quantum effects and was predicted more than eighty years ago. Oscillating electrons emit electromagnetic radiation and here we consider this BO effect for emission in the THz region. To date, it has been assumed that the Bloch oscillation of an electron is anharmonic oscillation, therefore with radiation emitted at the single Bloch frequency. We analyze scenarios when Bloch oscillations can be accompanied by the emission of radiation not only at the Bloch frequency but also with double and triple Bloch frequencies. The first scenario means that electrons could jump over neighboring Stark states. The second scenario of anharmonic emission is coupled to an opening of the minigap in the miniband.     

Large-orbit Subterahertz and Terahertz gyrotrons

We review briefly the main ideas and achievements in the field of physics related to shortwavelength large-orbit gyrotrons, in which the coupling of electrons with the working mode and the discrimination of parasitic modes in the case of resonance at the high cyclotron harmonic are more efficient compared with conventional gyrotrons. The results of studying a new large-orbit gyrotron with moderate electron energies of 50–80 keV and comparatively low magnetic fields of 10.5–14 T are presented. In this gyrotron, high-power single-mode generation was obtained at the second and third cyclotron harmonics in the frequency range 0.55–1.00 THz. The prospects of development and application of short-wavelength large-orbit gyrotrons are discussed.     

DNA-based tunable THz oscillator

The intrinsic helix conformation of the DNA strands is known to be the key ingredient of control of the electric current through the molecule by the perpendicular (gate) electric field. We show theoretically that Bloch oscillations in periodic systems with helical conformation are also strongly affected by such lateral field; the oscillation frequency splits into a manifold of several generally non-commensurate frequencies leading to a complicated pattern of the charge motion. For model parameters typical for the DNA the frequency of such oscillations falls in the THz domain, suggesting a possibility to design a DNA-based nano-scale source of THz radiation.     

Observations on period-doubling phenomena in a basic plasma experiment

Observations on period-doubling phenomena by exciting lower hybrid and ion cyclotron fluctuations in the presence of rf power in a plasma experiment are reported. The Feigenbaum number δ is calculated for the first two bifurcations and found to be 4.138. Nonlinear nature of the ion cyclotron oscillations gives rise to the interaction between modes that ultimately generate higher harmonics of the initial frequencies.     

Magneto-oscillations due to electron-electron interactions in the ac conductivity of a two-dimensional electron gas

Electron-electron interactions give rise to the correction, deltasigma(int)(omega), to the ac magnetoconductivity, sigma(omega), of a clean 2D electron gas that is periodic in omega_(c)(-1), where omega_(c) is the cyclotron frequency. Unlike conventional harmonics of the cyclotron resonance, which are periodic with omega, this correction is periodic with omega(3/2). Oscillations in deltasigma(int)(omega) develop at low magnetic fields, omega_(c)相似文献   

Mutual synchronization of two coupled self-oscillators based on GaAs/AlGaAs superlattices

The interaction of self-oscillators based on 30-period weakly coupled GaAs/AlGaAs superlattices is studied. The action of one self-oscillator on the other was observed for a constant bias voltage in the absence of generation of self-sustained oscillations in one of the oscillators. It is shown that induced oscillations in a forced oscillator appear due to excitation of oscillations in the system of coupled oscillators forming the electric-field domain wall at the frequency of one of the higher harmonics of a forcing oscillation.     

To the theory of cyclotron instability due to circulating alpha particles in a tokamak reactor

It is shown that the cyclotron excitation of fast magnetosonic waves by circulating α-particles in a tokamak reactor is possible. The general expression for the growth rate of such an excitation is obtained. The influence of the thermal motion of α-particles and background plasma damping on the growth rate is elucidated. Equations of the quasilinear relaxation of α-particles due to corresponding instability are obtained and analyzed. It is shown that, as a result of this relaxation, a spreading of the energetic spectrum of α-particles takes place, which is faster than that due to Coulomb collision. It is found that the quasilinear relaxation has a pulsating character and is accompanied by periodically repeating splashes of oscillations at harmonics of the cyclotron frequency of α-particles.     

On the possibility of harmonic operation of cyclotron waveparametric amplifiers

Cyclotron wave amplifiers at the harmonics of the electron cyclotron frequency are investigated. Since the waves on the beam are electrostatic, harmonics are strongly excited in nonrelativistic beams if they are rotating rather than filamentary. These modes at the harmonics can couple to input Cuccia couplers, and pump fields which drive parametric amplification, in very much the same way as they do on filamentary beams at the cyclotron frequency. Harmonic cyclotron wave amplifiers have the possibility of giving rise to a new class of devices at millimeter wave frequencies     

Fractional-harmonic components in an acoustical wave in a liquid

The amplitudes and frequencies of the components of the acoustical spectrum of an acoustical wave, generated in a non-viscous liquid filling a cavity, are calculated by solving a boundary value problem. Apart from forced oscillations, the frequencies of the acoustical spectrum are equal to the frequency of the fundamsntal oscillation of the liquid in the cavity and its higher harmonics. If the frequency of the driving acoustical wave coincides with one of these (proper) frequencies, thefractional harmonic components appear. The amplitudes of the component oscillations decrease monotonically as the absolute value of the difference between the frequency of the driving acoustical wave and the frequency of the respective oscillation is increased. The derived relations are compared with the results of some published measurements.     

The microwave induced resistance response of a high mobility 2DEG from the quasi-classical limit to the quantum Hall regime

Microwave induced resistance oscillations (MIROs) were studied experimentally over a very wide range of frequencies ranging from 20 GHz up to 4 THz, and from the quasi-classical regime to the quantum Hall effect regime. At low frequencies regular MIROs were observed, with a periodicity determined by the ratio of the microwave to cyclotron frequencies. For frequencies below 150 GHz the magnetic field dependence of MIROs waveform is well described by a simplified version of an existing theoretical model, where the damping is controlled by the width of the Landau levels. In the THz frequency range MIROs vanish and only pronounced resistance changes are observed at the cyclotron resonance. The evolution of MIROs with frequency is presented and discussed.     

Magnetoplasma oscillations of a two-dimensional electron layer in a bounded system

The spectrum of magnetoplasma oscillations of a two-dimensional electron layer in a transversal magnetic field is studied under the condition that the electron system is unbounded along the layer plane and screened in the perpendicular direction. It is shown that under certain conditions oscillation frequencies much lower than the electron cyclotron frequency exist. Also the electromagnetic wave-guided oscillations in the system are described. It is shown that a strong magnetic field causes a frequency shift and splitting, depending inversely on the external magnetic field and the transversal specific dimension.     

Giant magnetoresistance oscillations induced by microwave radiation and a zero-resistance state in a 2D electron system with a moderate mobility

The effect of a microwave field in the frequency range from 54 to 140 GHz on the magnetotransport in a GaAs quantum well with AlAs/GaAs superlattice barriers and with an electron mobility no higher than 10⁶ cm²/V s is investigated. In the given two-dimensional system under the effect of microwave radiation, giant resistance oscillations are observed with their positions in the magnetic field being determined by the ratio of the radiation frequency to the cyclotron frequency. Earlier, such oscillations had only been observed in GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures with much higher mobilities. When the samples under study are irradiated with a 140-GHz microwave field, the resistance corresponding to the main oscillation minimum, which occurs near the cyclotron resonance, appears to be close to zero. The results of the study suggest that a mobility value lower than 10⁶ cm²/V s does not prevent the formation of zero-resistance states in a magnetic field in a two-dimensional system under the effect of microwave radiation.     

A multifrequency gyrotron

A theory of a gyrotron that generates at frequencies that are multiples of the cyclotron frequency is considered. In the steady-state regime, this radiation appears as a nonsinusoidal electromagnetic oscillation whose waveform depends on the amplitudes of its harmonics. The theory is developed for the weakly relativistic case and is based on known transverse momentum equations for electrons moving in an electromagnetic field. Under optimal conditions, the single-harmonic emission of a multifrequency gyrotron is more efficient than that of a single-frequency device.     

Tunable few-cycle and multicycle coherent terahertz radiation from relativistic electrons

We report the generation of tunable, narrow-band, few-cycle and multicycle coherent terahertz (THz) pulses from a temporally modulated relativistic electron beam. We demonstrate that the frequency of the THz radiation and the number of the oscillation cycles of the THz electric field can be tuned by changing the modulation period of the electron beam through a temporally shaped photocathode drive laser. The central frequency of the THz spectrum is tunable from ～0.26 to 2.6 THz with a bandwidth of ～0.16 THz.     

Gyrotron travelling wave amplifier: I. Analysis of oscillations

The operation of the gyrotron travelling wave amplifier is based on the convective cyclotron maser instability. It is found that this convective instability may become absolute (nonconvective) at a sufficiently high current level, resulting in oscillation instead of amplification. This threshold current for the transition depends sensitively on the applied magnetic field. The axial wavelength and the characteristic frequency of oscillation at the onset of absolute instability are given. It is found that momentum spread has virtually no effect on the threshold current. A small amount of resistive wall loss, however, raises the threshold current significantly. Oscillations due to partial reflection at the ends of the system are also examined. Preliminary experimental results on both types of oscillations are reported and are found to be in good agreement with the theory.     

Sondheimer oscillations in the Hall resistivity of cadmium

Sondheimer oscillations in the Hall coefficient of cadmium single crystals have been measured in dependence on crystal orientation and sample surface quality. The results prove that the lens-shaped electron Fermi surface in the third band is responsible for these oscillations. Beside the fundamental oscillation harmonics of the Sondheimer oscillations were observed which are due to partially specular reflexion of the electrons at the sample surface.     

Nonlinear effects in the dynamics of clouds of bubbles

This paper presents a spectral analysis of the response of a fluid containing bubbles to the motions of a wall oscillating normal to itself. First, a Fourier analysis of the Rayleigh-Plesset equation is used to obtain an approximate solution for the nonlinear effects in the oscillation of a single bubble in an infinite fluid. This is used in the approximate solution of the oscillating wall problem, and the resulting expressions are evaluated numerically in order to examine the nonlinear effects. Harmonic generation results from the nonlinearity. It is observed that the bubble natural frequency remains the dominant natural frequency in the volume oscillations of the bubbles near the wall. On the other hand, the pressure perturbations near the wall are dominated by the first and second harmonics present at twice the natural frequency while the pressure perturbation at the natural frequency of the bubble is inhibited. The response at the forcing frequency and its harmonics is explored along with the variation with amplitude of wall oscillation, void fraction, and viscous and surface tension effects. Splitting and cancellation of frequencies of maximum and minimum response due to enhanced nonlinear effects are also observed.     

太赫兹波段豆油光谱的优化测量

太赫兹时域光谱技术是基于飞秒超快激光技术的有效的光谱检测技术,太赫兹波独特的优势使其成为一种有效的无损检测手段,并被广泛地应用到各个领域。然而在样品检测尤其是液体样品检测过程中,由于Fabry-Perot效应的存在,太赫兹波在样品、样品容器、以及光学元件之间的多次反射,使时域信号产生回波,样品的吸收光谱在频域内产生振荡,有可能会隐藏一些重要的吸收特征。为了解决这一问题,对解卷积算法进行改进,在传统计算模型的基础上,考虑系统中液体池窗片和光学元件对太赫兹波的非线性吸收,将包含回波的太赫兹时域信号描述为太赫兹主脉冲与一系列冲击信号和非线性传递函数的卷积。通过分析,有效去除回波引起的频谱振荡,进一步提高太赫兹波段豆油光学参数的测定精度。实验对比了改进前后0.2～2 THz波段豆油的频谱及吸收谱,实验结果证明,与传统的主脉冲截取法相比,本算法不仅能有效去除回波引起的频谱振荡,且在相同检测条件下,可将太赫兹波段豆油样品的频率分辨率由50 GHz有效提高至10 GHz。该算法不受被测对象参数的影响,同样适用于其他液体的太赫兹时域光谱测量。最后对吸收谱中残余的频谱振荡进行了深入分析。