电喷雾质谱法研究天然产物小分子识别人类端粒G-四链体及复合物的热稳定性

利用电喷雾质谱(ESI-MS)研究了12种天然产物小分子与人类端粒G-四链体结构的非共价相互作用和识别功能, 比较了不同小分子与人类端粒G-四链体的结合强弱, 发现了一种新的识别小分子——防己诺林碱对人类端粒G-四链体有很好的结合. 通过质谱升温实验比较了小分子结合对G-四链体热稳定性的影响, 防己诺林碱的结合使G-四链体的离子的解离温度(T1/2)上升到200 ℃. 利用分子模拟对G-四链体DNA与小分子结合的模式以及稳定性进行了探讨, 给出了防己诺林碱可能的结合位点和结合模式, Autodock计算出来的结合能约为-31.5 kJ·mol-1. 同原来的平面型分子不同, 防己诺林碱是一类新型结构的分子, 为设计合成新型G-四链体识别分子提供了新的结构模型.     

电喷雾质谱法研究防己诺林碱与G-四链体的相互作用

采用电喷雾质谱法研究了防己诺林碱与双链核酸及G-四链体的相互作用. 结果表明, 防己诺林碱可选择性地与G-四链体结合. 利用串联质谱技术对防己诺林碱与核酸的结合模式进行了研究, 结果表明, 防己诺林碱可能通过末端堆积作用与G-四链体结合, 而通过插入作用与双链核酸结合. 结合模式的差异导致防己诺林碱选择性地与G-四链体结合.     

化学标记与蛋白质/多肽的识别检测

化学标记技术可以实现选择性地标记蛋白质/多肽分子,从而极大地提高了对蛋白质/多肽的识别效率和检测灵敏度,是突破蛋白质/多肽化学组成局限和仪器分析检测能力瓶颈的有效途径.本文对目前这一领域的研究现状扼要地进行了综述,主要包括针对蛋白质/多肽分子中内源氨基酸残基的标记策略、蛋白质/多肽分子中翻译后修饰基团的标记策略、基因编码表达肽段的标记策略以及配体/抗体亲和标记策略.透过这些研究所取得的成果,可以断定化学标记技术将会不断发展并将在蛋白质及蛋白质组学研究中发挥重要作用.     

电化学发光反转录聚合酶链式反应技术检测齿兰环斑病毒

发展高效的病毒检测技术已成为当今生物学研究的热点之一。本研究将反转录聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术与电化学发光分析方法结合起来,用于检测兰花中齿兰环斑病毒。检测过程中采用生物素标记的探针与PCR产物杂交,可起到筛选特异性产物的作用,从而避免假阳性结果的产生。三联吡啶钌标记探针与PCR产物杂交,既可以起到进一步筛选目的片段的作用,又可与分析液中的三丙胺反应,从而产生光信号,被电化学发光仪所检测到。在引物的5′端分别连接一段特异性核酸序列,既提高了钌探针与特异性产物的杂交几率,又增强了样品检测信号,从而提高了信躁比。实验结果表明:此方法灵敏度高、稳定性好、操作简单,可以从兰花样品中准确地检测到齿兰环斑病毒,有望发展成为一种高效的病毒检测方法。     

基于高分辨质谱技术的农药与生物大分子相互作用的分析方法

建立了检测农药小分子与生物大分子(BSA蛋白,SOD酶)相互作用的高分辨质谱分析方法.对相应结合产物进行质谱检测,结果表明,BSA蛋白与甲基对硫磷分子在开始相互作用30 min后达到饱和,且每个蛋白分子最多与5个甲基对硫磷分子结合;BSA蛋白与甲维盐不存在相互作用.通过对SOD酶与敌敌畏,阿维菌素及噻呋酰胺结合产物的质谱检测发现每个SOD酶最多结合2个敌敌畏分子,1个阿维菌素分子,且不与噻呋酰胺相互作用.此外,实验表明,SOD酶与阿维菌素分子作用30 min后达到平衡,与敌敌畏分子作用20 min后达到平衡.通过对两种蛋白结合农药小分子过程的时间分辨分析发现,两种生物大分子结合农药小分子的机理过程存在差异.本方法与相关标准方法(荧光光谱法,NBT试剂盒法)及分子模拟对接结果比对说明,本方法切实可靠.本方法具有耗样量少、检测速度快、可提供多方面信息等优点,在新农药的研发及其安全性评价方面具有实用价值.     

飞秒时间分辨的光电子影像对3-甲基吡啶分子超快动力学研究(英文)

利用飞秒时间分辨的光电子影像技术结合时间分辨的质谱技术,研究了3-甲基吡啶分子激发态的超快过程.实时观察到了3-甲基吡啶分子S2态向S1态高振动能级的超快内转换过程,该内转换的时间大约为910fs.二次布居的S1态主要通过内转换衰减到基态S0,该内转换的时间尺度为2.77 ps.光电子能谱分布和光电子角分布显示,S2态和S1态在电离的过程中跟3p里德堡态发生偶然共振.本次实验中还用400 nm两个光子吸收的方法布居了3-甲基吡啶的3s里德堡态.研究表明,3s里德堡态的寿命为62 fs,并主要通过内转换快速衰减到基态.     

ATP与氨基酸弱相互作用的质谱与理论计算研究

利用电喷雾质谱、荧光、核磁和理论计算研究了ATP与19种氨基酸的弱相互作用.在质谱中发现除甘氨酸(Gly)、丙氨酸(Ala)、缬氨酸(Val)外,其它氨基酸均可观测到与ATP因弱相互作用形成的复合物离子.利用不同质谱锥孔电压下复合物稳定性的不同,分析了侧链基团对ATP与19种氨基酸弱相互作用的影响.并利用荧光光谱和核磁共振波谱法研究了芳香性氨基酸与ATP的弱相互作用.结果表明,氨基酸与ATP的弱相互作用强弱顺序为:色氨酸(Trp)＞苯丙氨酸(Phe)＞具有R‖C-NH2的氨基酸＞具有-RCOOH、-R-NH2的氨基酸＞具有-RSH、-ROH的氨基酸＞R为长链的氨基酸＞R为短链的氨基酸.不同官能团的氨基酸与ATP的弱相互作用的模拟计算也证实了此结论,并发现氨基酸的主侧链基团与ATP分子基团间的多个分子间因氢键作用使复合物能稳定存在.这一结果将为预测蛋白与ATP结合位点及研究ATP的识别机理提供依据.     

对称二环己基取代六元瓜环与3-吡啶甲酰肼的超分子自组装

本工作以对称二环己基取代六元瓜环(CyH2Q[6])为主体分子,3-吡啶甲酰肼(NH)为客体分子,利用核磁共振(1H NMR)、等温滴定量热(ITC)、基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF)研究客体分子与瓜环在水溶液中形成的物质的量比为1∶1的稳定配合物;用X-射线单晶衍射可以观察到客体分子通过离子-偶...     

微波作用下“氨基酸-磷酸盐”的成肽反应

研究了氨基酸与磷酸二氢钠在微波作用下的成肽反应, 结果显示在较短时间里可获得二肽到八肽以及环肽. 同时伴有磷酸氢盐分子间缩合形成多聚磷酸盐的反应. 在微波作用下, 温度200℃反应2 h后磷酸盐的聚合度可达到99%(其中焦磷酸盐64%, 三偏磷酸盐35%). 在反应产物的ESI-MS中还检测到了磷酸盐与甘氨酸分子间脱水生成的混酐中间体. 三偏磷酸盐与氨基酸在水体系中也有成肽反应, 在室温下缬氨酸成肽的转化率达到46%. 发现并证实了在微波作用下“氨基酸-磷酸盐”的体系中可以实现氨基酸生成肽及磷酸盐聚合、再生、利用的循环过程, 在这个过程中只需要输入能量就可以源源不断的生成肽, 这也许是生命起源以前的化学进化中氨基酸成肽的最可能途径.     

微波作用下"氨基酸-磷酸盐"的成肽反应--生命起源的最可能途径的探索

研究了氨基酸与磷酸二氢钠在微波作用下的成肽反应, 结果显示在较短时间里可获得二肽到八肽以及环肽.同时伴有磷酸氢盐分子间缩合形成多聚磷酸盐的反应.在微波作用下, 温度200℃反应2 h后磷酸盐的聚合度可达到99%(其中焦磷酸盐64%, 三偏磷酸盐35%).在反应产物的ESI-MS中还检测到了磷酸盐与甘氨酸分子间脱水生成的混酐中间体.三偏磷酸盐与氨基酸在水体系中也有成肽反应, 在室温下缬氨酸成肽的转化率达到46%.发现并证实了在微波作用下"氨基酸-磷酸盐"的体系中可以实现氨基酸生成肽及磷酸盐聚合、再生、利用的循环过程, 在这个过程中只需要输入能量就可以源源不断的生成肽, 这也许是生命起源以前的化学进化中氨基酸成肽的最可能途径.     

Structural characterization of lipopeptide biomarkers isolated from Bacillus globigii

Spectra obtained using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry of Bacillus globigii (Bacillus subtilis niger) spores, vegetative cells and the culture supernatant show a cluster of biomarkers centered at a molecular mass of 1478 Da. Three biomarkers were isolated from the cell-free culture supernatant by solid-phase extraction and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, and characterized using various kinds of mass spectrometry. A Fourier transform mass spectrometer with a MALDI source was used to determine the monoisotopic protonated masses at 1463.8, 1477.8, and 1505.8 Da in order of elution. The mass differences of 14 and 28 Da suggest that they are homologous molecules. Alkaline hydrolysis of each species showed that it contained a lactone linkage. Strong acid hydrolysis released a fatty acid from an amide bond, consistent with a lipopeptide. A quadrupole time-of-flight instrument with a nanospray source was used to sequence the hydrolyzed forms of the three biomarkers. The cyclic lipopeptides were found to have amino acid sequences identical with those in fengycins and plipastatins, antimicrobial compounds with phospholipase inhibitor activity, previously identified in related species of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus.     

A photoactivated diazopyruvoyl cross-linking agent for bonding tissue containing type-I collagen

On the basis of the earlier examples of diazopyruvoyl (DAP) groups reported by Lawton for covalent binding and cross-linking of proteins and oligopeptides and our recent demonstration that a coumaryl diazopyruvamide was used to label Type-I collagen, we have extended our investigations to the synthesis and cross-linking capabilities of a bis-DAP polyethylene glycol to cross-link Type-I collagen. The new photoactivated cross-linking agent, N,N'-bis(3-diazopyruvoyl)-2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (DPD, 2), has been designed and synthesized specifically to "weld" collagenous tissues by cross-linking Type-I collagen. A working model for the photochemical welding studies of collagenous tissues was developed using gelatin strips (gel strips) composed of denatured Type-I collagen. Gel strips are transparent to near-UV and visible light, uniform in thickness, and have reproducible composition. Furthermore, the availability of nucleophilic amine sites in gel strips was demonstrated by reaction with o-phthalaldehyde, producing a fluorescent derivative of the protein. Gel strips were coated with a solution of DPD in chloroform 7 irradiated at 320-390 nm, and the resulting bonded gel strips were tested for the strength of the weld. The welds were generally brittle and had average tensile strengths that exceeded 100 N/cm2. Welds were not formed in the absence of light or DPD. Scanning electron microscopy studies revealed a pockmarked surface from severed welds. Welds of rabbit Achilles tendon were also obtained using the tethered diazopyruvamide. These welds were much weaker, having an average tensile strength of 11.95 N/cm2 for DPD-2,2'-ethylenedioxy(bis)ethylamine comonomers in the cross-linking reaction. In both studies the welds obtained by this method were significantly stronger than the controls.     

Identification of radiation-induced cross-linking between thymine and tryptophan by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry

Upon exposure to ionizing radiation, DNA undergoes a variety of modifications including the production of a covalent bond between the nucleobase thymine and aromatic amino acids. In this work, electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry(ESI-MS) was used to identify the gamma radiation-induced covalent cross-linking of model peptides (sequence YPPW and pYPPW) with the nucleobase thymine. Tandem electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MSn) was employed to investigate the cross-linking sites. The results showed that irrespective of whether tyrosine was phosphorylated or not, the nucleobase thymine was cross-linked with the tryptophan residue. Possible cross-linking mechanisms are proposed by investigating the related mass peaks.     

基于肝脏代谢组分析研究低聚硒化氨基多糖对黑鲷的免疫调节作用

采用基于液相色谱-飞行时间质谱联用（LC-TOF-MS）技术的代谢组学方法，分析黑鲷肝脏内源性代谢物的变化，研究硒化氨基多糖增强黑鲷的免疫调节机制。采用XCMS^plus软件非靶向分析质谱采集数据，筛选潜在生物标志物，并通过MetaboAnalyst3.0网站分析相关代谢通路。结果表明，饲喂硒化氨基多糖组中的代谢物明显区分于空白组，发现并鉴定了32个有差异的生物标志物。代谢通路分析结果表明，硒化氨基多糖可通过氨基酰基-转运脱氧核糖核苷酸（tRNA）生物合成、氨基酸代谢、核苷酸代谢、氮代谢等代谢通路增强黑鲷自身的免疫机能。该研究为阐明硒化氨基多糖的免疫增强机制提供了科学依据。     

Metabolomic profiles delineate the effect of Sanmiao wan on hyperuricemia in rats

A serum metabolomic method based on ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was developed to characterize hyperuricemia‐related metabolic profiles and delineate the mechanism of Sanmiao wan (SMW), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), in treating hyperuricemic rats. With partial least‐squares discriminant analysis for classification and selection of biomarkers, 13 potential biomarkers in mouse serum were identified in the screen, primarily involved in purine metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, citrate cycle, phenylalanine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Taking these potential biomarkers as screening indexes, SMW could reverse the pathological process of hyperuricemia through partially regulating the perturbed metabolic pathway except for glycerophospholipid metabolism. Our results showed that a metabolomic approach offers a useful tool to identify hyperuricemia‐related biomarkers and provides a new methodological cue for systematically dissecting the underlying efficacies and mechanisms of TCM in treating hyperuricemia.     

Characterization of chemical constituents and absorbed components,screening the active components of gelanxinning capsule and an evaluation of therapeutic effects by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry

We revealed the potential biomarker and pathway of gelanxinning capsule on rat model with coronary heart disease, which aims to clarify holistic therapeutic effect and predict quality‐markers of gelanxinning capsule. Ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry based on metabolomics technique was used to find the biomarkers and related metabolic pathways of coronary heart disease model, which evaluates the intervention effect of gelanxinning capsule. Using serum pharmacochemistry of traditional Chinese medicine and Pearson correlation analysis, effective ingredients in serum is analyzed to characterize the activity of gelanxinning capsule on coronary heart disease under valid state. A total of 20 biomarkers from coronary heart disease were identified and 12 of them were regulated by gelanxinning capsule treatment, which is mainly involved in sphingolipid metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism. With the high sensitivity liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry technology, a total of 46 compounds from gelanxinning capsule were identified in vitro and 25 of them were absorbed in blood. The correlation analysis of serum biomarkers and absorbed components was used to find 11 compounds as quality‐markers to be responsible for the efficacy of gelanxinning capsule. This strategy was successfully applied to screening of potential mechanism and quality‐markers from herbal medicine.      

Comparison of flow injection analysis electrospray mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry and electrospray high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of underivatized amino acids

Twenty proteinogenic amino acids (AAs) were determined without derivatization using flow injection analysis followed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS and ESI-MS/MS) and electrospray ionization high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-FAIMS-MS and ESI-FAIMS-MS/MS), in positive and negative ionization modes. Three separate sets of ESI-FAIMS conditions were used for the separation and detection of the 20 AAs. Typically ESI-FAIMS-MS showed somewhat improved sensitivity and significantly better signal-to-noise ratios than ESI-MS mainly due to the elimination of background noise. However, the difference between ESI-FAIMS-MS and ESI-MS/MS was significantly less. ESI-FAIMS was able to partially or completely resolve all the isobaric amino acid overlaps such as leucine, isoleucine and hydroxyproline or lysine and glutamine. Detection limits for the amino acids in ESI-FAIMS-MS mode ranged from 2 ng/mL for proline to 200 ng/mL for aspartic acid. Overall, ESI-FAIMS-MS is the preferred method for the quantitative analysis of AAs in a hydrolyzed yeast matrix.     

反相高效液相色谱法测定尿中吡啶醚和脱氧吡啶醚

尿中吡啶醚（ｐｙｒｉｄｉｎｏｌｉｎｅ,ＰＹＤ）和脱氧吡啶醚（ｄｅｏｘｙｐｙｒｉｄｉｎｏｌｉｎｅ,ＤＰＤ）是骨代谢特异的生化指标。应用高效液相色谱法（ＨＰＬＣ）建立了尿中ＰＹＤ和ＤＰＤ的测定方法。尿液用６ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ水解后,以纤维素ＣＦ１小柱提取,然后用ＨＰＬＣ测定;色谱系统为ＳｐｈｅｒｉｓｏｒｂＣ１８反相色谱柱,流动相组成为１５％甲醇添加０．１％七氟丁酸,流速为１．２ｍＬ／ｍｉｎ。系统的检测限：ＰＹＤ为１０ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ,ＤＰＤ为７ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ;回收率：ＰＹＤ为９１．５％,ＤＰＤ为１０６．１％;日内变异     

Recent progresses of derivatization approaches in the targeted lipidomics analysis by mass spectrometry

Lipidomics plays an essential role in the development of an improved understanding of lipids metabolism and the identification of new biomarkers or therapeutic targets of related diseases. The strong analytical power of mass spectrometry and its rapid developments in the respect of instruments and techniques have significantly accelerated the emerging lipidomics and related application fields in biology, medicine, and pharmacy. The strategy of chemical derivatization can remarkably improve the shortcomings of mass spectrometric analytical technologies of shotgun lipidomics and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, and in the past decade many related studies have been reported for fatty acids, glycerophospholipids, sphingomyelins, monoglycerides, diacylglycerols, long‐chain bases, steroids, and so on. Therefore, this review will focus on new chemical derivatization approaches about the research progresses of shotgun‐based and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry–based targeted lipidomics (from 2005 to July 2019, most of reports emerged in the past 5 years), and put forward the problems and prospects in this field. It is expected to be helpful for the design and synthesis of new derivatization reagents, especially the outstanding stable isotope labeling derivatization reagents, and the development and application of new chemical derivatization strategies and matched mass spectrometric analysis methods.     

Use of a proteomics approach to identify favourable conditions for production of good quality lambskin leather

It is necessary to understand the changes that occur during the initial processing of lamb skins, because these will affect the final quality of the leather. The types of collagen, their macro and micro structures, the presence of proteins other than collagens, and the quantity and the type of proteoglycans, all have a profound effect on the quality of leather. Proteins isolated from untreated or raw sheep skin and from pickled skin (skins treated with sodium sulfide and lime followed by bating with enzymes, then preserved in sodium chloride and sulfuric acid) were significantly different when analysed by use of 2D gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Agarose gel electrophoresis with a very sensitive sequential staining procedure has been used to identify the glycosaminoglycans present in raw and treated skin and their impact on quality of leather. Results showed that effective removal of proteoglycans acting as inter-fibrillar adhesives of collagen fibrils seemed to improve leather quality. Removal of these molecules not only opens up the fibre structure of the skin but may also be important in wool removal. The presence of elastin, which imparts elastic properties to skin, is of significant importance to tanners. The amino acids desmosine and isodesmosine, found exclusively in elastin, were quantitatively analysed to assess the role of elastin in leather quality.