Y掺杂的ZnO纳米纤维材料的制备及其气敏传感器作用机理

采用静电纺丝法成功制备了Y掺杂的ZnO纳米纤维.并通过X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM),能量色散X射线(EDX),透射电子显微镜(TEM)以及热重差热分析(TG-DTA)等手段对样品的结构和形貌进行了表征分析.同时用纯的ZnO和Y掺杂的ZnO纳米纤维制备了传感器,对浓度为(1-200)×10^-6 (体积分数)丙酮的气敏特性进行了测试分析.测试结果表明,可以通过简单控制纳米纤维中Y的含量,来微调该传感器的气敏特性.同时也发现通过Y掺杂, ZnO纳米纤维对丙酮的气敏特性有所改善,表现出很高的响应.纯ZnO和Y掺杂ZnO制成的传感器对几种潜在干扰气体表现出良好的选择性,比如氨气、苯、甲醛、甲苯以及甲醇.本文最后也讨论了该传感器的气敏作用机理.     

纸基葡萄糖电化学生物传感器的研究及应用

基于纳米金的自催化无电沉积镀金技术,采用混合纤维素滤膜作为模板,制备了一种纳米多孔纸基薄膜金电极。以该金滤膜电极作为基底电极,使用Nafion溶液分散的碳纳米管-纳米铂(PtNPs)复合材料作为载体,实现了葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)的直接电化学,并建立了一种低成本的纸基葡萄糖电化学传感器。该传感器对葡萄糖具有良好的安培响应,葡萄糖浓度在5.0×10-6~2.5×10-3 mol/L范围与其0.55V处的氧化电流呈良好的线性关系(R=0.999),检测限(S/N=3)为1.0×10-6 mol/L。制备了8支传感器,对25μmol/L葡萄糖进行检测,结果的相对标准偏差为6.03%,表明该传感器具有较好的重现性。     

基于碳纳米管－聚苯胺纳米复合物的超级电容器研究

为了提高碳纳米管的比容, 采用化学原位聚合的方法在碳纳米管的表面包覆聚苯胺, 制备碳纳米管-聚苯胺纳米复合物. 运用TEM和IR对样品进行了表征. 通过循环伏安研究样品的电化学特性. 利用恒流充放电考察基于碳纳米管-聚苯胺复合物超级电容器的性能. 在相同实验条件下, 对碳纳米管进行了比较分析. 实验结果表明, 在电流密度为10 mA/cm²时, 碳纳米管和碳纳米管-聚苯胺复合物的比容分别为52和201 F/g. 基于碳纳米管-聚苯胺纳米复合物的超级电容器的能量密度达到6.97 Wh/kg, 并且具有良好的功率特性.     

铜纳米粒子在碳纳米管上的原位生长及对过氧化氢电催化性能的研究

采用一种温和且有效的方法,将聚丙烯酸非共价修饰到碳纳米管上,并以其为模板,在碳纳米管上原位均匀的生长铜纳米粒子,制备了铜/聚丙烯酸/碳纳米管(Cu/PAA/CNT)纳米复合材料,并以此材料构建了一种新型的非酶H2O2传感器,研究了其对H2O2的电催化行为。结果表明:铜纳米粒子较均匀的生长在碳纳米管上,制备的纳米复合材料修饰到电极表面对H2O2表现出良好的电流响应,可实现对H2O2的灵敏测定,其响应电流与H2O2的浓度在1.9×10-6～8.0×10-4mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检测限达6.3×10-7mol/L。     

基于ZnO-SnO2纳米纤维的化学链燃烧式甲烷传感器研究

采用双喷嘴静电纺丝技术制备了ZnO-SnO2纳米纤维,将制备的ZnO-SnO2纳米纤维均匀涂覆于铂热敏电阻表面形成催化薄膜,设计了一种新型化学链燃烧式甲烷传感器。采用 X 射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、全自动程序化学吸附仪和X-射线光电子能谱仪,表征了ZnO-SnO2纳米纤维的相组成和微观形貌,讨论了催化薄膜表面的电化学性能对甲烷化学链燃烧反应的影响。采用DL07-YJ108D型电压测量仪测试了甲烷传感器灵敏响应性、温湿特性、选择性和长期稳定性。结果表明,以Zn50纳米纤维为催化薄膜的甲烷传感器,在温度为350℃,甲烷浓度为0.1~60μg/L时,传感器线性度和灵敏度最大值分别为99.4%和0.12 V/(μg/L),最大响应为8.2 V,动态响应和恢复时间分别为5.4和10.8 s,承受的最大相对湿度为95%。在矿井中连续使用6个月后,响应下降了2.0%。     

纳米聚苯胺修饰石墨电极的葡萄糖双酶传感器

用循环伏安法在石墨电极上制得纳米纤维聚苯胺, 并在其上固定葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)和辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)制备葡萄糖双酶传感器. 用交流阻抗、SEM等技术对其进行表征; 考察了各种因素对双酶电极响应电流的影响以及双酶电极的稳定性. 该传感器对葡萄糖响应电流的测定在0.05 V(vs SCE)下进行, 有效避免了电活性物质的影响, 线性响应范围为0.05-2.0 mmol·L-1.     

基于虫型碳纳米纤维的气敏薄膜传感器对工作场所氨气的高灵敏性检测

本文使用铝支持的铁催化剂,通过化学气相淀积方法合成了虫型碳纳米纤维;并把它以3：2的质量比与玻璃粉混合,借助松油醇的粘结,制备了薄膜传感器。使用扫描电镜和透射电镜对虫型碳纳米纤维,铁催化剂和传感器薄膜进行了形貌分析。最后在室温和常压下,采用新的检测方法在低电压（0-1伏）条件下进行了传感器的气敏测试,分析了它对氨气的灵敏性等特性。实验结果证实：在低浓度氨气条件下(0.175 mg/m³-0.35 mg/m³),基于虫型碳纳米纤维的薄膜传感器具有极高的灵敏性;经过反复的实验,证实薄膜传感器具有很高的稳定性,极快的反应时间(0.05 s)和恢复时间(1 min)。实验结果说明虫型碳纳米纤维是极好的气敏材料。     

高密度聚苯胺纳米线阵列的制备及在紫外探测器中的应用研究

基于p型半导体与n型半导体间的特殊p-n结效应可有效提高紫外探测器的紫外光敏性能,研究了高密度p型聚苯胺(PANI)纳米线阵列的制备方法,及其与n型单晶硅片组装为具有p-n结效应的高性能紫外探测器的方法.采用旋涂煅烧法在单晶硅片表面制备了二氧化锰层,研究了以其为种子层制备高密度聚苯胺纳米线阵列的方法,并考察了不同制备条件对聚苯胺形貌的影响,揭示了聚苯胺纳米线阵列的形成机理.结果表明,利用二氧化锰种子层对溶液中苯胺的氧化作用,可优先在二氧化锰层表面形成聚苯胺纳米粒子,然后再向溶液中加入另一氧化剂过硫酸铵(APS),可使聚苯胺纳米粒子沿垂直于衬底方向进一步生长,从而制得了分布均匀的高密度p型聚苯胺纳米线阵列.利用p型聚苯胺纳米线阵列与n型单晶硅片间特殊的p-n结效应,构筑了性能优良的紫外探测器,对紫外光响应速度快、恢复时间短、稳定性好.当外置偏压为0 V时,光电流可达9.2×10-8A;且随外置偏压提高,光电流强度大大增强,当外置偏压提高至5 V时,光电流可达3.2×10-5A,比0 V时提高了约1000倍.     

刚果红功能化水溶性碳纳米管膜电极的制备及在电化学传感器中的应用

基于刚果红(CR)表面修饰多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)在干燥时所具有的良好成膜性能,在玻碳电极表面制备了一种水溶性MWNTs(MWNTs-CR)膜,用扫描电镜(SEM)、傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)和交流阻抗谱(ElS)对其进行了表征.结果表明,MWNTs-CR能在电极表面形成一层致密、均匀含有大量纳米级微孔的纳米结构薄膜.和裸玻碳电极相比,MWNTs-CR膜修饰电极能极大的增强雌酮和羟甲香豆素的电化学响应.在体系中加入表面活性剂后,其电化学响应能得到进一步的提高.羟甲香豆素的浓度在8.0×10-8～4.0×10-6 mol/L范围内,其氧化峰电流与浓度呈现出良好的线性关系.在开路条件下富300 s后,HMC的检出限为2.0×10-8 mol/L.实验证明水溶性MWNTs膜是构建碳纳米管电化学传感器的理想材料.     

氯化铁氧化掺杂的聚苯胺纳米纤维团簇

没有外加质子酸的条件下,以氯化铁为氧化剂和掺杂剂,在界面体系中由苯胺(An)采用“无模板”的方法成功地制备了电导率为10-2～10-1S/cm的聚苯胺纳米纤维(d=20～30nm).实验证明FeCl3同时起到氧化剂和掺杂剂的双重作用,从而进一步简化了导电聚苯胺纳米纤维的合成条件.与使用过硫酸铵为氧化剂的传统聚合方法相比,FeCl3较小的氧化/还原电位使产物具有较小的直径和较高的结晶性.同时发现聚苯胺的形貌和电导率均与[FeCl3]/[An]的比例有关.FTIR,UV-Vis,XRD结构表征证实所得的聚苯胺纳米纤维为掺杂态.     

热处理对LiFe1-0.01xY0.005xAg0.005xPO4薄膜光波导传感元件气敏性的影响

以FeSO4.7H2O,H3PO4,LiOH.H2O,AgNO3及Y(NO3)3.6H2O为原料,利用水热法一步合成出了LiFe1-0.01xY0.005xAg0.005xPO4粉体(x=0.5,1.0),并将该材料作为敏感试剂,用旋转-甩涂法做成纳米薄膜固定在锡掺杂玻璃光波导表面,在不同温度下进行热处理。采用紫外-可见分光光度计、测厚仪以及自组装的玻璃光波导气敏测试仪研究了热处理对LiFe1-0.01xY0.005xAg0.005xPO4薄膜光学及气敏特性的影响。研究结果表明:在450℃下进行热处理的薄膜元件具有良好的光学透明及较好的气敏特性。相同浓度的不同挥发性有机气体中,该传感元件对二甲苯气体有很好的选择性响应,其检测响应范围为1×10-7～1×10-3(V/V),响应-恢复时间分别小于5和100 s。     

Highly selective colorimetric sensing of cyanide based on formation of dipyrrin adducts

Cyanide sensing has attracted increasing interest due to its toxicity and wide use in industrial activities. Herein, we developed three colorimetric cyanide sensors by the modification of the α-position of a dipyrrin chromophore with various carbonyl groups, namely, C(6)F(5)CO, C(6)H(5)CO and CHO for 1, 2 and 3, respectively. In dichloromethane, these sensors respond to both CN(-) and F(-) with distinct colour changes. UV-Vis, (1)H NMR and HRMS measurements imply a two-process interaction between the sensors and CN(-). Initially, CN(-) forms a hydrogen bond with the NH moiety, and then it attacks the carbonyl group of the sensors via a nucleophilic addition reaction. In contrast, in aqueous systems, only cyanide induced vivid solution colour changes from light yellow to pink via nucleophilic addition reactions. The CN(-) detection limits reach a micromolar level of 3.6 × 10(-6) M, 4.2 × 10(-6) M and 7.1 × 10(-6) M for 1, 2 and 3, respectively. In view of the easy synthesis and the highly selective recognition of CN(-) with vivid colour changes, 1-3 may be developed as a novel and promising prototype of selective and sensitive colorimetric cyanide sensors.     

基于荧光内滤效应的锂离子荧光化学传感器研究

报道了一种基于荧光内滤效应的荧光增强型锂离子光化学传感器,将荧光试剂、亲脂性pH指示剂和锂离子中性载体结合在增塑的PVC膜中,Li⁺与H⁺在膜相中的竞争萃取效应引起受亲脂性pH指示剂调制的敏感膜荧光值的变化.推导了有关理论关系式,研究了该传感器的响应特性,并对人工合成样品进行测试,结果较为满意.     

基于SnO2-CuO纳米纤维的薄膜型H2-S传感器研究

采用同轴静电纺丝技术制备了SnO2-CuO复合纳米纤维,采用提拉法将SnO2-CuO纳米纤维涂覆于印有梳状Au电极的氧化铝陶瓷管表面形成敏感薄膜,设计了一种新型薄膜式H2 S传感器。采用 X 射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和X-射线光电子能谱( XPS)表征SnO2-CuO纳米纤维的相组成和微观形貌,分析了敏感薄膜成分配比和厚度对硫化氢敏感机理和电化学特性。采用WS-30A型气敏元件分析仪测试了H2 S传感器敏感特性、温度特性、湿度特性、动态响应、抗干扰特性和稳定性。结果表明,以C50纳米纤维为敏感薄膜(膜厚为70 nm)的H2 S传感器,在温度为25℃, H2 S气体浓度为10~60 mg/L时,传感器线性度和灵敏度分别为92.3％和98.2％,响应最大值为1080,承受的最大相对湿度为95％,动态响应和恢复时间分别为4和12 s。此传感器对CO, NO2, SO2, NH3, CO2, CH4和H2等有害气体具有较好的抗干扰性。在矿井中连续使用12月后,响应衰减了9.2％,响应正常时间为10.9月。     

High-Performance Sensor Based on Thin-Film Metallic Glass/Ultra-nanocrystalline Diamond/ZnO Nanorod Heterostructures for Detection of Hydrogen Gas at Room Temperature

This article outlines a novel material to enable the detection of hydrogen gas. The material combines thin-film metallic glass (TFMG), ultra-nanocrystalline diamond (UNCD), and ZnO nanorods (ZNRs) and can be used as a device for effective hydrogen gas sensing. Three sensors were fabricated by using combinations of pure ZNRs (Z), UNCD/ZNRs (DZ), and TFMG/UNCD/ZNRs (MDZ). The MDZ device exhibited a performance superior to the other configurations, with a sensing response of 34 % under very low hydrogen gas concentrations (10 ppm) at room temperature. Remarkably, the MDZ-based sensor exhibits an ultra-high sensitivity of 60.5 % under 500 ppm H₂. The MDZ sensor proved very fast in terms of response time (20 s) and recovery time (35 s). In terms of selectivity, the sensors were particularly suited to hydrogen gas. The sensor achieved the same response performance even after two months, thereby demonstrating the superior stability. It is postulated that the superior performance of MDZ can be attributed to defect-related adsorption as well as charge carrier density. This paper also discusses the respective energy band models of these heterostructures and also the interface effect on the gas sensing enhancements. The results indicate that the proposed hybrid TFMG/UNCD/ZNRs nanostructures could be utilized as high-performance hydrogen gas sensors.     

二氧化锡中空微球用于快速灵敏检测硫化氢

以氨基酚醛树脂球作模板,通过一种简单的模板法制备了具有中空微球(HMS)结构的二氧化锡;将其涂覆于氧化铝陶瓷管金电极表面,制得一种新型薄膜式硫化氢传感器.采用X射线衍射(XRD)及透射电子显微镜(TEM)表征了材料的微观结构和形貌,并考察了二氧化锡中空微球(Sn O2HMS)的气敏性能.结果表明,二氧化锡中空微球对硫化氢气体表现出良好的气敏特性.在最佳工作温度(200℃)下,所制作的传感器对142.6 mg/m3硫化氢的响应值高达97.13%,响应时间为22 s.该传感器对硫化氢的响应线性范围为0.2852~142.6 mg/m3,相关系数为0.9931,检出限达到0.1549 mg/m3,且几乎不受环境湿度和温度的影响,具有良好的重现性和选择性.对养殖场中硫化氢气体连续监测10个月后,传感器响应信号衰减了5.4%,表明该传感器具有长期稳定的使用寿命,可实现远程监测的实际应用.     

Determination of carboxylic acid vapour by a thickness-sheer-mode acoustic wave sensor coated with crown ethers

The frequency response sensitivities for 39 organic vapours by thickness-sheer-mode (TSM) acoustic wave sensors coated with monobenzo-15-crown-5 (B15C5), monobenzo-18-crown-6 (B18C6) and dibenzo-30-crown-10 (DB30C10) have been reported. It shows that crown ethers are the most efficient adsorptively active material for sensing carboxylic acid vapour, particularly B15C5 can be used for sensing formic acid vapour. The B15C5 based sensor possesses good reproducibility, high stability and short response time with wide linear detection range and a low detection limit down to 0.0201 mg l(-1) (about 5.70 ppm, V/V) of formic acid vapour while coating with 12 mug of B15C5. There is no significant interference from other organic vapours except for some nitrogen containing compounds such as diethylamine, pyridine and N,N-dimethylformamide, and carboxylic acid homologues such as acetic and propionic acids. The effect of humidity is easily controllable. Compared with acid-base titration method, the sensor can be used for the determination of HCOOH vapour with recovery rate of 98.4 approximately 103.8%, the analytical results are in good agreement with those obtained by the more time consuming acid-base titration method.     

NASICON-based H2 Sensor Using CoCrMnO4 Insensitive Reference Electrode and Buried Au Sensing Electrode

This work focuses on the H2 sensing performance of the sensor with buried Au sensing electrode and spi- nel-type oxide CoCrMnO4 insensitive reference electrode within sodium super ionic conductor（NASICON） film. The sensor showed the highest response to H2 gas on the insensitive material sintering at 800 ~C. Compared with those of the traditional structure device, the sensitivity and selectivity of the sensor using buried sensing electrode were greatly improved, giving a response of-177 mV in 9x10 5 g/L H2, which was about 3.5 times higher than that of sensors with traditional structure. Moreover, the AV value of the sensing device exhibited linear relationship to the logarithm of H2 concentration and the sensitivity（slope） was -135 mV/decade. A sensing mechanism related to the mixed potential was proposed for the present sensor.     

The gas sensing properties of TiO_2 nanotubes synthesized by hydrothermal method

In this paper,the TiO₂ nanotubes were synthesized by hydrothermal method using a 10 mol/L NaOH aqueous solution at 150℃. The structure of prepared materials was characterized by X-ray diffraction（XRD）,transmission electron microscopy（TEM）. scanning electron microscope（SEM） and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller（BET）.The prepared TiO₂ nanotubes were used to prepare thick film gas sensors and the gas sensing properties to various gases were tested.Results show the prepared TiO₂ nanotube gas sensors responses to ethanol under dry condition at 450℃.This could be attributed to the fact that it had high porous morphology and a higher pore volume,which can promote the diffusion of ethanol deep inside the films and improve the sensor response. Moreover,the gas sensor made with nanotubes exhibit high selective response towards ethanol gas compared with H₂,CO,acetone.     

Laser-ablated violet phosphorus/graphene heterojunction as ultrasensitive ppb-level room-temperature NO sensor

Two dimensional(2D) materials are promising gas sensing materials, but the most of them need to be heated to show promising sensing performance. Sensing structures with high sensing performance at room-temperature are urgent. Here, another 2D material, violet phosphorus(VP) nanoflake is investigated as gas sensing material. The VP nanoflakes have been effectively ablated to have layers of 1–5 layers by laser ablation in glycol. The VP nanoflakes are combined with graphene to form VP/G heterostru...