Study of distribution of elements in the depth of V?P?Co catalyst grain

It has been shown that addition of cobalt to a vanadium-phosphorus oxide catalyst increases the P/V molar ratio on the surface, the surface acidity and the selectivity of butane oxidation. It has been established that in the V–P–Co–O catalyst the probability of the removal of phosphorus from the surface is markedly reduced.

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, , . , V–P–Co–O .

     

Modeling of CO oxidation rate oscillations on a chain of surface patches

Autooscillations of CO oxidation rate are considered for a surface, which is a chain of uniform M1–M4 patches differing by their properties. For chain 5333 due to CO_ads diffusion, induced oscillations propagate from oscillating patches M1 (scheme 5) to patches M2–M4 (Scheme 3), which themselves do not sustain the oscillation mode.     

Synthesis and characterization of two oxo-bridged oxo(arylimido) [tris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)borato]molybdenum(V) complexes and crystal structure of [MoTp*(O)Cl](μ-O)[MoTp*(Cl)(≡NC6H4OMe)]

Reaction of the oxo-molybdenum(V) compound, [MoTp*(O)Cl₂], [Tp*=hydrotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)borate] with p-methoxy and p-nitroaniline in the presence of Et₃N under N₂, afforded the oxo-bridged oxo(arylimido) molybdenum(V) complexes, [MoTp*(O)Cl](-O)[MoTp*(Cl)(NC₆H₄R)] (1, R=OMe; 2, R=NO₂). The new compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, i.r., mass, and ¹H-n.m.r. spectra. The single crystal X-ray crystallographic determination of [MoTp*(O)Cl](-O)[MoTp*(Cl)(NC₆H₄OMe)] was carried out to confirm that there is a Mo—O—Mo bridge and a near linear arylimido group in the structure.     

Reactivity of tungsten(0) and molybdenum(0) pentacarbonyl thiobenzoate anions: thiobenzoate as a cis-CO labilizing ligand

The [Et₄N][M(CO)₅SCOPh] complexes (1a, M = Mo; 2a, M = W) have been prepared at ambient temperatures by reacting the photogenerated M(CO)₅ THF intermediate with [Et₄N][SCOPh] in THF. Kinetic studies of the reactions of the anions [M(CO)₅SCOPh]^– with the tri(iso-propyl)phosphite (L) ligand under pseudo-first-order conditions indicate that these reactions are first-order in substrate and are independent of the P(OPr-i)₃ concentration. It is thus envisaged that these CO substitutions proceed via a mechanism which involves initial cis-M—CO bond-breaking, followed by fast attack of the incoming nucleophile on the resulting intermediate to give [cis-M(CO)₄{P(O-Pri)₃}SCOPh]^–. This facile displacement of cis-CO indicates the labilizing nature of the thiobenzoate ligand, most probably by virtue of distal oxygen atom participation. Activation parameters for the reactions are: [M(CO)₅SCOPh]^– + L cis-[M(CO)₄(L)SCOPh]^– + CO M = Mo, H = 24.6(2) kcal mol^–1, S = 8.2(6) eu; M = W, H = 28.4(2) kcal mol^–1, S = 11.3(5) eu. Kinetic data and the mechanism of these ligand-substitutions are discussed.     

Reaction of succinonitrile with aliphatic amines

Conclusions The reaction of primary amines with succinonitrile leads to the formation of N,N,N,N-tetrasubstituted amidines and the liberation of 2 M of NH₃. The reaction of secondary amines with succinonitrile proceeds as an intramolecular condensation with the liberation of 1 M of NH₃ per mole of the dinitrile and the formation of the ^2,5–, -dialkylaminopyrrolene.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 12, pp. 2722–2725, December, 1973.     

Anodic Dissolution of Aluminum in Liquid Electrolytes MF· 2AlEt3 (M = Na,K, Rb)

The kinetics of anodic dissolution of aluminum films electrodeposited on platinum via direct aluminum electrooxidation without preliminary discharge of electrolyte components is studied. The process probably involves adatoms and clusters Al* on the electrode surfaces, with limiting stage Al* – e (A1⁺)_ads.     

Kinetics and mechanisms of halide ion catalysis of CO substitution reactions in Os3(CO)12 and Ru3(CO)12 metal carbonyl clusters

The results of kinetic studies on ligand substitution in [M₃(CO)₁₁X]^– complexes (M = Ru, Os; X = Cl, Br, I) are summarized. The [Os₃(CO)₁₁X]^– complexes react with PPh₃ under mild conditions to initially yield monosubstituted products [Os₃(CO)₁₀(PPh₃)X]^–. The rate of CO substitution obeys a first-order equation with respect to the concentration of the complex and does not depend on the ligand concentration. The rates of the reactions decrease in the order Cl > Br > I withH values increasing from 15 to 18 kcal mol^–1 and S values varying from –19 to –13 cal mol^–1 K^–1. The enhanced reactivities of these complexes as well as the low activation energies and negative activation entropies are discussed in terms of the effects of -X bridge formation on the transition state of the reaction. Reactions of PPN[Ru₃(CO)_11–x (Cl)] (PPN is the bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium cation;x=0, 1) and PPN[Ru₃(CO)₉(₃-I)] with alkynes are also reported. The reactivities of alkynes follow the order BuCCH PhCCH EtCCEt PhCCPh. The higher rates of the reactions of monosubstituted acetylenes compared with those of their disubstituted analogs are explained by agostic interaction between the metal atom and the C-H bond in the reaction transition state and by steric effects. The results obtained attest that the reaction with alkynes occursvia intermediates containing halide bridges and that ₃-halide complexes are more reactive than ₂-halide complexes.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 9, pp. 1540–1545, September, 1994.This work was supported by a Presidential Grant from Northwestern University. One of the authors (F. Basolo) wishes to thank Academician M. E. Vol'pin for the invitation to participate in the Workshop The Modern Problems of Organometallic Chemistry (INEOS-94) and Academician O. M. Nefedov for the invitation to publish a review in theRussian Chemical Bulletin.     

Ab initio SCF and CI study of the electronic spectrum of pyridine N-oxide

Configuration interaction (CI) studies of ground, n *, * * electronically excited states are reported for pyridine N-oxide. The transition energy to the lowest * excited ¹ B ₂ state is calculated at 4.35 eV, compared to the experimental spectrum range of 3.67–4.0 eV. This state lies below the lowest n * excited ¹ A ₂ state calculated at 4.81 eV above the ground state. The only experimentally reported triplet state at 2.92 eV above the ground state is predicted to be the ³ A ₁ (*) state. The calculated energy lies at 3.27 eV. Numerous other high-lying singlet states as well as the triplet states have also been calculated. The intramolecular charge transfer character of the ground and the excited states have been studied in terms of the calculated dipole moment and other physical properties.     

Zur Totalsynthese von Human-Sekretin

Summary The synthesis of the heptacosapeptide amide with the primary structure of Human-secretin is described. For this purpose 7 fragments were designed, i.e. H-Gly-Leu-Val-NH₂ 25–27b,Z-Arg(Z ₂)-Leu-Leu-Gln-OH 21–24,Z-Arg(Z ₂)-Leu-Gln-OH 18–20,Z-Arg(Z ₂)-Glu(OtBu)-Gly-Ala-OH 14–17,Z-Arg(Z ₂)-Leu-OH 12–13,Z-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Leu-Ser(tBu)-OH 7–11,Adoc-His(Adoc)-Ser(tBu)-Asp(OtBu)-Gly-Thr(tBu)-Phe-OH 1–6 these fragments were consequently assembled to the overall protected total sequence using the Wünsch/Weygand-method with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. After deprotection by exposure to trifluoroacetic acid in presence of 1,2-ethanedithiol and water as scavenger, the isolated crude product was purified by column chromatography on CM-Sepharose, fast flow. This synthetized Human-secretin showed the full biological activity in comparison to Porcine-secretin.

Herrn Prof. Dr. E. Bayer zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

Analytical applications of mixed-ligand complexes

Summary In medium of pH=1, vanadium(V) forms a 1 1 cationic complex with PAR, the instability constant of the complex beingpK=5.6. In the presence of hydrogen peroxide a 111 mixed-complex develops which is uncharged. The molar absorptivity of the complex ( ₅₄₀=1.28×10⁴ l·mole^–1·cm^–1) provides a possibility for the spectrophotometric determination of 1–65M hydrogen peroxide.

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Zusammenfassung In saurer Lösung (pH=1) bildet Vanadin(V) mit PAR einen positiv geladenen Komplex, dessen Komplexkonstante dem pK-Wert 5,6 entspricht. In Anwesenheit von Wasserstoffperoxid bildet sich mit diesem Kation ein ungeladener Mischkomplex im Verhältnis 111. Dessen Extinktionskoef-fizient ( ₅₄₀=1,28×10⁴ l · mol^–1 · cm^–1) ermöglicht die spektrophotometrische Bestimmung von Wasserstoffperoxid im Konzentrationsbereich von 1–65Mol/l.

     

Synthesis and transformations of metallocycles

A novel regioselective method has been developed for the synthesis of 2-substituted 1,3-butadienes by -vinylation of -olefins with AlEt₃ in the presence of Ni- and Zr-containing catalysts.For Part 14, see Ref. 1.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 118–120, January, 1995.     

A constitutional diagram of the system VC0.88−HfC0.98−(MoC)

The system VC_0.88–HfC_0.98–MoC was investigated by means of melting point, differential-thermoanalytical, X-ray diffraction and metallographic techniques on hot pressed and heat treated as well as melted alloy specimens and a constitutional diagram from 1500°C through the melting range established.The small miscibility gap within the HfC–MoC system (T _c=1630°C) interacts at lower temperatures with the solvus in a monotectoid-like reaction at 1575°C. Additions of VC to the HfC–MoC solid solution gradually increase its critical temperature.Solid state phase behaviour and melting behaviour was established within the isopleths VC_0.88–MoC as well as within (V_0.5Hf_0.5)C–MoC and (V_0.75Hf_0.25)C–(Hf_0.75Mo_0.25)C.Phase equilibria within VC_0.88–HfC–MoC are characterized by an extreme large miscibility gap at 1500°C connecting the VC–HfC and HfC–MoC systems.Originating at the VC–HfC binary an eutectic trough proceeds into the VC–HfC–MoC ternary with rising temperatures, connecting the maximum critical point of the disappearing miscibility gap [(V_0.31Hf_0.49Mo_0.20)C] by a limiting tie line (2750±20°C). Isothermal sections have been calculated assuming regular solutions.With 5 Figures     

Reactions of Peroxy Radicals with Hydrocarbons and Alcohols: Transition State Geometry and the Polar Effect

The reaction EtOO + EtH EtOOH + Et was studied by the intersecting parabolas method and calculated using density functional theory. The interatomic C–H, O–H, and C–O distances of the transition state for this reaction were calculated using these methods. The formulas for calculating these distances from experimental data were obtained. Similar calculations and comparisons were carried out for the reaction EtOO + MeCH₂OH EtOOH + MeCHOH. The polar effect of the hydroxy groups on the transition state manifested itself in a decrease in the activation energy and in the formation of a nonlinear structure of the transition state. An empirical formula for estimating the C–H–O angle in the transition state from the enthalpy and activation energy was derived.     

Salicylaldehydo chelates of bis(cyclopentadienyl) zirconium(IV)

A new series of organometallic ionic chelates of the type [Cp ₂Zr(sal)]⁺ [ROCS₂/RRNCS₂]^–, where Hsal = salicylaldehyde;R =Me, Et, i-Pr ori-Bu andR =R =Me, Et, i-Pr;R =Me,R = benzyl orR =Et,R =m-tolyl, have been synthesized in aqueous medium by the reaction of [Cp ₂Zr(sal)]⁺Cl^– andROCS ₂ ^– K⁺/RRNCS ₂ ^– Na⁺. These compounds have been characterized by chemical analyses, electrical conductance, electronic, IR and¹H-NMR spectral studies. These studies indicate that the complexes are 1:1 electrolytes and the salicylaldehyde ligand is chelating in all these complexes. Therefore, a tetrahedral coordination about the zirconium atom is proposed.

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Salicylaldehydo-Chelate von Bis(cyclopentadienyl)-zirkonium(IV)

Zusammenfassung Eine neue Gruppe von organometallischen ionischen Chelaten vom Typ [Cp ₂Zr(sal)]⁺ [ROCS₂/RRNCS₂]^– (mit Hsal = Salicyladehyd;R =Me, Et, i-Pr oderi-Bu undR =R =Me, Et, i-Pr;R =Me,R = Benzyl oderR =Et,R =m-Tolyl) wurde in wäßrigem Medium mittels der Reaktion von [Cp ₂Zr(sal)]⁺Cl^– mitROCS ₂ ^– K⁺/RRNCS ₂ ^– Na⁺ hergestellt. Die erhaltenen Verbindungen wurden mittels chemischer Analyse, elektrischer Leitfähigkeit und der IR- sowie¹H-NMR-Spektren charakterisiert. Diese Untersuchungen zeigen, daß die Komplexe 1:1-Elektrolyte sind, wobei der Salicylaldehyd-Ligand in allen Fällen an der Chelatbildung beteiligt ist. Es wird daher für das Zirkoniumatom eine tetrahedrale Koordination vorgeschlagen.

     

Phthalocyaninartige Bor-Komplexe

Zusammenfassung Aus Halogenboranen und Organohalogenboranen (RBX ₂R=C₆H₅, Cl, Br;X=F, Cl, Br) sowie aus Organoboranen oder Thioboranen entstehen mit Phthalodinitril Triisoindolo-[1,2,3-cd1,2,3-gh1,2,3-kl][2,3a,5,6a,8,9a,9b]-hexaazaboraphenalene von denen die B–Cl- und B–F-Verbindungen näher charakterisiert werden.Dekaboran(14), Diboran(6) oder Boranaddukte von Stickstoffbasen liefern hingegen mit Phthalodinitril metallfreies Phthalocyanin.

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Triisoindolo[1,2,3-cd1,2,3-gh1,2,3-kl][2,3a,5,6a,8,9a,9b]-hexa-azaboraphenalene

Triisoindolo[1,2,3-cd1,2,3-gh1,2,3-kl][2,3a,5,6a,8, 9a,9b]-hexaazaboraphenalenes are obtained from the reactions of haloboranes and organohaloboranes (RBX ₂R=C₆H₅, Cl, Br;X=F, Cl, Br) as well as from organoboranes or thioboranes with phthalodinitrile. The B–Cl and B–F compound have been characterized by analyses, i.r.-, u.v.- and mass-spectrometry.Diborane(6), dekaborane(14) and amine-boranes, however, upon reaction with phthalodinitrile lead to high yields of metal free phthalocyanine.

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Herrn Prof. Dr.M. Pailer zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

Adsorptive Catalytic Voltammetry of Physcion in the Presence of Dissolved Oxygen at a Carbon Paste Electrode

A novel electroanalytical method for the determination of physcion is described for the first time. Physcion yields an adsorption catalytic voltammetric peak at –0.74V (vs. SCE) in 0.4molL^–1 NH₄Cl–NH₃·H₂O buffer solution (pH 10.5) at a carbon paste electrode (CPE). The experimental results indicated that physcion is efficiently accumulated at a CPE by adsorption. In the subsequent potential scan, physcion was reduced to a homologous anthrahydroquinone compound. The compound was then immediately oxidized to physcion by the dissolved oxygen in the solution, and then physcion was again reduced at the CPE. As a result, a cyclic catalytic reaction was established. The second-order derivative peak current is proportional to the physcion concentration in the ranges of 2.0×10^–104.0×10^–9molL^–1 (accumulation 90s) and 4.0×10^–92.0×10^–8molL^–1 (accumulation 60s). The limit of detection is 8×10^–11molL^–1 (S/N=3) for a 120s accumulation time. The method was applied to the direct determination of physcion in the medicinal plant polygonum multiflorum Thumb with satisfactory results.     

Thermodynamic parameters characterizing adsorption of organic compounds from aqueous solutions on iron oxide α-Fe2O3

Adsorption of a series of organic compounds on the surface of -Fe₂O₃ is studied. The experimental data are analyzed using the Frumkin and Langmuir isotherms. The standard Gibbs energies of adsorption G _A ⁰ and G _ads ⁰ corresponding to different standard states are estimated.Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii, Vol. 77, No. 9, 2004, pp. 1446–1451.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by Afanasev, Aleksandrova, Akulova.     

Kinetics and mechanism of the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of [carbonatoethylenediamine(L)2cobalt(III)]+ ions

The kinetics of acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of the [Co(en)(L)₂(O₂CO)]⁺ ion (L = imidazole, 1-methylimidazole, 2-methylimidazole) follows the rate law –d[complex]/dt = {k ₁ K[H⁺]/(1 + K[H⁺])}[complex] (15–30 or 25–40 °C, [H⁺] = 0.1–1.0 M and I = 1.0 M (NaClO₄)). The reaction course consists of a rapid pre-equilibrium protonation, followed by a rate determining chelate ring opening process and subsequent fast release of the one-end bound carbonato ligand. Kinetic parameters, k ₁ and K, at 25 °C are 5.5 × 10^–2 s^–1, 0.44 M^–1 (ImH), 5.1 × 10^–2 s^–1, 0.54 M^–1 (1-Meim) and 3.8 × 10^–3 s^–1, 0.74 M^–1 (2-MeimH) respectively, and activation parameters for k ₁ are H₁ = 43.7 ± 8.9 kJ mol^–1, S₁ = –123 ± 30 J mol^–1 deg^–1 (ImH), H₁ = 43.1 ± 0.3 kJ mol^–1, S₁ = –125 ± 1 J mol^–1 deg^–1 (1-Meim) and H₁ = 64.2 ± 4.3 kJ mol^–1, S₁ = –77 ± 14 J mol^–1 deg^–1 (2-MeimH). The results are compared with those for similar cobalt(III) complexes.     

Novel dioximato-bridged chromium(III)-copper(II)-chromium(III) trinuclear complexes with ferromagnetic exchange interactions

Summary Two new dioximato-bridged trinuclear Cr^II-Cu^II-Cr^III complexes, [Cr(salen)-Cu(-BD)₂-Cr(salen)] (1) and [Cr(salen)-Cu(-FD)₂-Cr(salen)]-H₂O (2), have been prepared and characterized [salen^2– = N,N-ethylene- bis (salicylideneiminate), (-BD)^2– = -benzyldioximato and (-FD)^2– = -furildioximato]. Magnetic susceptibility measurements in the 4.2–300 K range demonstrated the operation of a ferromagnetic interaction between the adjacent Cr^III and Cu^II ions through oximato bridges in both (1) and (2). Based on spin Hamiltonians =–2J(₁₂+₂₃)(S₁=S₃=3/2,S₂=1/2) the exchange integrals (J) were evaluated as 3.19 and 5.38 cm^–1 for (1) and (2), respectively.