Construction and Characterization of a cDNA Expression Library for the North American Ginseng Root Tissues

The root of Panax ginseng plant undergoes a specific developmental process to become a biosynthesis and accumulation tissue for ginsenosides. To identify and analyze genes involved in the biosynthesis of ginsenoside, we constructed and characterized a full-length cDNA library for 6-year-old North American ginseng. The titer of primary cDNA library is 1.2 × 10^6 pfu/mL, the titer of amplified library is 2. 6 × 10^10 pfu/mL and the rate of recombinant is above 86%. The insert size ranges from 0. 3 to 2.0 kb. Sequencing results show that 18 of 58 genes are high homologous to the genes （GBRS, GBR3 and GBR1 ） known in GenBank, which are involved in biosynthesis of ginsenoside in North American ginseng plant; 16 of 58 genes are novel genes. The full-length cDNA library of North American ginseng root tissues is essential for the cloning of genes known and it is also an initial key for the screening and cloning of new genes.     

人IL-16基因重组腺病毒载体的构建与鉴定

目的:构建并鉴定人白细胞介素16(IL-16)的重组腺病毒pAd-IL-16表达载体,为进一步研究IL-16功能奠定基础.方法:分离正常人外周血单个核细胞(PBMC),组胺刺激后提取总RNA,RT-PCR扩增IL-16基因,将其克隆到含有绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)标记的腺病毒穿梭质粒pAdTrack-CMV后,再与腺病毒骨架质粒pAdEasy-1共转化BJ5183细菌,获得重组腺病毒载体pAd-IL-16,转染 HEK 293T细胞包装病毒.荧光显微镜下观察细胞内绿色荧光,测定病毒效价,RT-PCR和Western blot分别分析细胞内IL-16 mRNA和蛋白质的表达.结果:经双酶切及基因鉴定,重组穿梭质粒和重组腺病毒质粒均见约400 by插人片段,测序结果和GenBank中的基因序列一致;重组病毒效价为2.8×10～8 pfu/mL;重组病毒感染后,HEK 293T细胞中IL-16mRNA和蛋白质均有表达.结论:成功构建IL-16重组腺病毒载体,并可在HEK 293T细胞中表达,为进一步研究IL-16的功能奠定了基础.     

兔早期胚泡特异肽的cDNA克隆

从家兔受精后第6天(着床前)的早期胚泡构建cDNA文库,经阶段特异分子杂交筛选,克隆了仅在此时期表达的9种胚泡特异肽类的cDNA对其中一种丰度较高的cDNA克隆进行了研究,测出其编码区含有285碱基对,5'和3'侧翼区各有132和170碱基对.经DNA序列分析,推导出一种分泌性多肽的一级结构,由75个氨基酸组成.计算机分析显示它与迄今报道的所有基因和蛋白在结构上无任何同源性.     

野生大豆(Glycine soja SH1)球蛋白glycinin Gy4基因家族的两种表达拷贝

本文研究我国野生大豆(Glycine soja)种子贮藏蛋白基因的结构,并与栽培大豆进行比较,构建成野生大豆Glycine soja SH1和栽培大豆Glycine max子叶cDNA库。用已知含球蛋白glycinin Gy 4基因的克隆DNA λS 312为探针,从两个cDNA库中分离出6个克隆。其中两个克隆pWS 228与pWS 242含全长cDNA,克隆cDNA的限制酶图谱和cDNA与基因组DNA的Southern法杂交表明它们代表野生大豆球蛋白glycinin Gy 4基因家族的两种表达拷贝。pWS 228 cDNA的部分序列已测定并与栽培大豆相应顺序作比较。分子杂交还证明Ⅱ类glycinin基因家族的组编在野生大豆胚形成过程中的变动。     

冬小麦春化作用相关基因的cDNA分子克隆研究

以春化处理冬小麦幼苗cDNA为起始材料,通过与对照冬小麦幼苗mRNA进行减法杂交构建富集冬小麦低温诱导cDNA文库,以对照和脱春化幼苗cDNA及春化幼苗cDNA为探针,采用差异杂交技术筛选得到春化相关cDNA克隆,将插入片段用PCR方法扩增后亚克隆于pUC19载体的BamHⅠ和HindⅢ位点,用此插入cDNA作探针,与对照和春化组mRNA作Northern blotting分析表明为冬小麦春化作用相关基因的cDNA克隆,包含verc203序列的mRNA大约为2.6kb。     

人原发性肝癌中的转甲状腺素蛋白(Transthyretin)基因

本文从人正常肝对原发性肝癌的递减式cDNA文库(Subtracting cDNA libra-ry)中筛选出pG8cDNA克隆.Northem杂交证明它在正常肝中高度转录,而在9例肝癌中转录严重受阻遏.9例肝癌DNA MspI酶切杂交信号提示,4例肝癌中该基因存在部分DNA片段的丢失.在另7对肝癌及癌旁组织样本中,有4例肝癌中该基因同样存在部分片段丢失.cDNA序列分析证明它与转甲状腺素蛋白(Transthyretin,TTR)基因的编码区全部同源.本文首次报道了在人肝癌中TTR基因转录严重受阻遏及在基因结构上可能存在丢失或缺陷,提示TTR基因可能是人肝癌中基因缺陷的一个标记或抗癌基因之一.     

氧氟沙星噬菌体库的构建、筛选及抗体结构模拟

应用噬菌体展示和重组抗体技术制备抗氧氟沙星单链抗体(scFv)库,筛选获得氧氟沙星特异性噬菌体scFv以及同源模拟其三维结构。将从氧氟沙星杂交瘤细胞提取的总RNA,用RT-PCR反转录合成cDNA,以针对鼠源重链可变区(VH)及轻链可变区(VL)基因的兼并引物,扩增获得VH和VL可变区基因,通过SOE-PCR法将VH基因和VL基因通过柔性多肽Linker(Gly4Ser)3拼接成全长scFv基因片段,将双酶切后的scFv基因片段插入T7噬菌体,经体外包装后转化宿主菌BLT5403,成功构建库容量为3×105pfu/mL的抗体库,经4轮吸附-洗脱-扩增的富集,采用直接竞争ELISA筛选到4个特异性噬菌体scFv,运用Expasy软件模拟特异性scFv的三维结构。为进一步大量表达氧氟沙星单链抗体奠定了基础。     

大鼠小肠壁细胞葡萄糖转运蛋白一级结构及功能的研究

应用序列同源性cDNA作探针,从大鼠小肠壁细胞cDNA文库中筛选出了葡萄糖转运蛋白cDNA克隆。经双脱氧法测定该克隆的cDNA全序列为2466bp,翻译区1566bp,编码522个氨基酸。从氨基酸全序列分析得到12个疏水区段,每区段为21个氨基酸。此葡萄糖转运蛋白可能在细胞膜上跨膜12次,构成葡萄糖通道。     

3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶与酵母线粒体基因组维持蛋白Mgm101的相互作用

采用酵母双杂交方法, 以Mgm101p为诱饵, 筛选酵母cDNA文库. 分离鉴定15个与Mgm101p相互作用的蛋白因子, 其中5个阳性克隆均为GPD1编码的3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶(GAPDH). 克隆了GPD1在 S. cerevisiae的同系物ScTDH2基因, 进行绿色荧光蛋白GFP标记、 亚细胞组分分离和蛋白质印迹分析, 结果表明, GAPDH除了在细胞质为糖酵解酶的主要作用外, 可能为多功能蛋白, 在酵母线粒体中与Mgm101p相互作用参与线粒体DNA维持的生物过程.     

带有EGF受体干扰序列的γ干扰素新分子抗肿瘤细胞增殖活性的提高

利用基因工程技术,将天然IFN-γ分子的N端132个氨基酸与带有上皮生长因子(EGF)样多肽C端保守序列融合,构建了干扰素重组体IFN-γ132PGIX_(16).其中X_(16)由EGF样多肽C端16个氨基酸组成,PGI为连接肽序列。将此重组体基因插入表达载体pBV220P_RP_L串连启动子下游,转化大肠杆菌DH5α,在cIts857基因的调节下,通过升温诱导表达.表达产物与其母体天然IFN-γ相比,不仅保持了较高的抗病毒活性,抗病毒滴度达530MU/L菌液,而且明显地提高了抗肿瘤细胞增殖活性.在EGF存在的条件下,干扰素重组体的抗鼻咽癌细胞CNE-2增殖活性明显高于其母体分子(p<0.01).提示重组体分子IFN-γ132PGIX_(16)同时具有EGF受体干扰活性.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。