小角x射线散射法研究甲基改性氧化硅凝胶的双分形结构

以正硅酸乙酯［Si(OC2H5)4,TEOS］和甲基三乙氧基硅烷［CH3Si(OC2H5)3,MTES］为前驱体，通过共水解法和两步法制备出两种不同的甲基改性氧化硅凝胶，在北京同步辐射光源(BSRF)小角x射线散射(SAXS)站测量了凝胶的散射强度，计算了凝胶的平均粒径、两相间比表面积等参数，在此基础上分析了凝胶的分形特征，发现存在两个尺度上的分形结构，分别对应于从SiO2原生颗粒到一次团聚体和从一次团聚体到簇团两种尺度.辅以透射电子显微镜(TEM)观测，证实由两种方法获得的凝胶具有非常不同的微观结构.实验证明，利用SAXS技术研究甲基改性凝胶的分形特征是获得凝胶微观结构的有力工具. 关键词： 甲基改性凝胶 氧化硅 小角x射线散射(SAXS) 分形结构     

用SAXS和XRD方法研究TiO2纳米颗粒微观结构

用溶胶-凝胶方法制备了TiO₂纳米样品,并对该样品在300℃到800℃温度区域进行了退火处理.应用同步辐射X射线粉末衍射(XRD)方法研究了经不同热处理温度的TiO₂纳米颗粒的结构相变.应用同步辐射小角X射线散射(SAXS)方法研究了TiO₂纳米颗粒的表面分形与界面特性.得到纳米颗粒粒度与退火温度的变化规律,讨论了表面界面特征与相变的关系. 关键词： X射线小角散射 X射线衍射 2纳米颗粒')" href="#">TiO₂纳米颗粒     

利用小角X射线散射技术研究组分对聚酰亚胺/Al2O3杂化薄膜界面特性与分形特征的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶方法制备无机纳米杂化聚酰亚胺(PI),应用同步辐射小角X射线散射(SAXS)方法研究不同组分杂化PI薄膜的界面特性与分形特征.研究结果表明:散射曲线不遵守Porod定理,形成负偏离,说明薄膜中有机相与Al₂O₃纳米颗粒间存在界面层,界面层厚度在0.54 nm到1.48 nm范围内;随无机纳米组分增加,界面层厚度增加,有机相与无机相作用变强;无机纳米颗粒同时具有质量分形和表面分形特征,其分布、集结是一种非线性动力学过程;随组分增加,其质量分形维数降低 关键词： 小角X射线散射 纳米杂化 聚酰亚胺 界面     

两亲性嵌段聚合物的同步辐射小角x射线散射研究

应用同步辐射小角x射线散射(SAXS)方法研究了不同聚合条件下苯乙烯对乙烯基苯甲酸两亲性嵌段聚合物的聚集行为,结果发现该聚合物在选择性溶液中自组装形成胶束.胶束的形态和结构取决于嵌段聚合物的组成、浓度以及溶剂的性质等因素 关键词： 小角x射线散射 两亲性嵌段聚合物 分形维数 粒径     

用原位x射线小角散射研究块体非晶合金Zr55Cu30Al10 Ni5的结构弛豫

应用同步辐射x射线小角散射法在原位对块体非晶合金Zr₅₅Cu₃₀Al ₁₀Ni₅在等温退火过程中的微结构变化进行研究.实验表明：在等温退火过程中电子 密度涨落反映了晶化之前的结构弛豫过程；在一定的退火温度下、随退火时间的增加，拓扑短程序弛豫与化学短程序弛豫之间存在一个电子密度均匀化的过程；导致这两种弛豫过程转变的退火时间与退火温度有关，温度越高，所需的退火时间越短. 关键词： 原位x射线小角散射 块体非晶合金 等温退火 结构弛豫     

用SAXS和XRD方法研究Ti02纳米颗粒微观结构

用溶胶一凝胶方法制备了TiO2纳米样品.并对该样品在300℃到800℃温度区域进行了退火处理.应用同步辐射x射线粉未衍射(XRD)方法研究了经不同热处理温度的TiO2纳米颗粒的结构相变.应用同步辐射小角x射线散射(SAXS)方法研究了TiO2纳米颗粒的表面分形与界面特性.得到纳米颗粒粒度与退火温度的变化规律,讨论r表面界面特征与相变的关系.     

非晶合金Al88Ce2Ni9Fe1回火生成的纳米晶粒度分布与比内表面研究

采用小角X射线散射方法,结合差热分折及广角X射线衍射方法,对新型高强度、高韧性非晶合金Al₈₈Ce₂Ni₉Fe₁回火生成的纳米晶粒度分布和比内表面的改变进行了一系列分析研究,获得了关于纳米晶回转半径、Porod半径、散射积分不变量、粒度分布、结晶度、比内表面等方面的信息. 关键词：     

Cu60Zr30Ti10非晶合金弛豫和晶化过程的小角X射线散射研究

应用小角X射线散射技术研究了Cu₆₀Zr₃₀Ti₁₀非晶合金从300到813 K之间微结构的演化情况.发现在淬火状态下Cu₆₀Zr₃₀Ti₁₀非晶合金中存在直径30 nm左右的富Cu区.非晶的结构弛豫包括573 K之前的低温结构弛豫和573 K到玻璃转变温度的高温结构弛豫，弛豫的结果是产生含有有序原子团簇的富Cu区，这些有序原子团簇的富Cu区是随后晶化过程中晶核产生的基础.Porod曲线分析表明，晶化生成的纳米体心立方CuZr相和基体之间有明锐的界面. 关键词： 小角X射线散射 非晶合金 结构弛豫 晶化     

水分子凝胶中有机凝胶因子聚集体的分形结构研究

水分子凝胶是一种新型软凝聚体系.是凝胶因子在很低的浓度下在水中聚集、自组装，使水凝胶化形成的凝聚体系.透射电镜(TEM)表明凝胶因子在水中聚集、自组装成细纤维状结构.通过对TEM照片进行数字化处理，采用Sandbox法和密度-密度相关函数法计算的结果表明凝胶因子在聚集组装过程中具有典型的分形特征.根据C++程序计算出分形维数D＝1.814—1.977.以分形理论对凝胶因子的聚集过程以及由此形成的水分子凝聚体系的分形特征进行了讨论.利用小角x射线散射(SAXS)研究进一步表明，凝聚体系的分形结构存在于尺度α 关键词： 分形 凝胶因子 水分子凝聚体系 透射电镜(TEM) 小角x射线散射(SAXS)     

块体非晶合金Zr55Cu30Al10Ni5 结构弛豫的研究

应用同步辐射小角x射线散射和差示扫描量热分析对块体非晶合金Zr55₅₅Cu 30₃₀Al10₁₀Ni5₅结构弛豫进行了研究.实验结果表 明：经340℃、不同时间退火后的非晶内 部的电子密度涨落随退火时间的延长先增大而后减小；玻璃转变温度附近焓弛豫峰的表观激 活能则随退火时间的延长先减小而后增大.结果反映了随退火时间的延长，块体非晶合金内 部类液体区不断减少及类固体区不断增加的过程. 关键词： 小角x射线散射 块体非晶合金 结构弛豫     

SIMULATION OF MULTIPLE FRACTAL AND COMPACT GROWTH OF ULTRA-THIN FILMS ON HEXAGONAL SUBSTRATE

The multiple cluster growth of ultra-thin films with different deposition rate and different substrate temperature has been studied by kinetic Monte-Carlo simulation. With increasing diffusion rate along cluster edges (corresponding to an increasing substrate temperature), pattern structures change smoothly from fractal islands, compact islands with random shapes, to regular islands, and the average branch width of clusters increases continuously up to some constant value in the compact island limit. The formation of the multiple fractal and compact clusters can be described quantitatively by multifractal. The results of multifractal analysis show that with pattern change from fractal to compact islands, the Hausdorff dimension D₀, the information dimension D₁, and the correlation dimension D₂ decrease, while the width and height of the multifractal spectra increase.     

Recoilless fraction, structural, magnetic and thermal properties of Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9 alloy

Differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and room temperature Mössbauer spectrum measurements of Fe_73.5Cu₁Nb₃Si_13.5B₉ (Finemet) alloy have been carried out in order to study its structural and magnetic properties as a function of annealing temperature. The DSC profile of as-quenched Finemet showed two exothermic peaks at 530 and 702 °C, corresponding to two crystallization processes. The Finemet alloy remains amorphous at 450 °C with one broad peak in XRD pattern and one broad sextet in Mössbauer spectrum. When the Finemet alloy was annealed at 550 °C, only well indexed body-center-cubic phase was detected. After being annealed at 650 and 750 °C, the XRD patterns showed the coexistence of α-Fe(Si) and Fe-B intermetallic phases with the increase in XRD peak intensities, indicating the growth of crystallites and the decomposition of Fe_73.5Cu₁Nb₃Si_13.5B₉ alloy at elevated temperatures. The Mössbauer spectra of annealed Finemet alloy could be fitted with 4 or 5 sextets and one doublet at higher annealing temperatures, revealing the appearance of different crystalline phases corresponding to the different Fe sites above the crystallization temperature. The appearance of the nanocrystalline phases at different annealing temperatures was further confirmed by the recoilless fraction measurements.     

Effect of uniaxial tension and hydrostatic compression on the geometry and morphology of amorphous Fe<Subscript>77</Subscript>Ni<Subscript>1</Subscript>Si<Subscript>9</Subscript>B<Subscript>13</Subscript> alloy ribbon surface

The effect of hydrostatic pressure and uniaxial compression on the relief of an amorphous Fe₇₇Ni₁Si₉B₁₃ alloy ribbon surface was studied using scanning tunneling and atomic-force microscopy. The fracture surfaces of samples were also studied. It is found that both the initial surfaces and the surfaces of samples subjected to hydrostatic compression or tension, as well as fracture surfaces, are fractal or multifractal, but their fractality parameters are different. Hydrostatic pressure decreases the surface roughness and the average fractal dimension of the surface on both sides of the ribbons. The dependence of the surface fractal characteristics on tension is more complex. Prior to the occurrence of a “critical event” on the surface (formation of a deformation band or a through crack), the Hölder index and the half-width of the singularity spectrum decrease. The correlation is discussed between the fractal characteristics of the ribbon surface and those of a fracture surface, and the role of an excess free volume in the initiation of fracture of amorphous alloys is analyzed.     

Influence of Al and Ni on the magnetic properties of Finemet alloys

Crystallization behavior and soft magnetic properties of the FeSiBCuNbM (M=Al or Ni) Finemet alloys are investigated by X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, hysteresis loop tracer, and vibrating sample magnetometry. The nanocrystalline alloys are prepared by annealing melt-spun amorphous ribbons at different temperatures. Results indicate that the partial substitution of Ni or Al for Nb results in the increase of saturation magnetic induction density (B_s) of the alloys. The alloys with Al or Ni show favorable combination of soft magnetic properties. The partial substitution of Ni for Nb enhances the B_s value, while Al decreases coercivity. The mechanism underlining the magnetic behavior is discussed.     

Macroscopic heterogeneity effects in FeNiNbCuBSi ribbons

The effect of Ni substitution on the magnetic response to macroscopic heterogeneity has been investigated on (FeNi)_73.5Nb₃Cu₁B₉Si_13.5 ribbons. 10, 20 and 30 at% of Ni was alloyed to the detriment of Fe. No significant change was observed as to the bias to build heterogeneity in a non-protective annealing ambience. Instead, the favorable insensitivity of magnetic properties to the heterogeneity, as known for the standard Finemet, gets lost with Ni substitution and serious magnetic hardening takes place for higher Ni percentage. These changes are mainly due to the changed intrinsic properties of the Ni-substituted alloys, as high magnetostriction and the occurrence of a Ni-containing phase, if the alloy is nanocrystallized.     

Microwave-induced combustion synthesis of Ni–Zn ferrite powder and its characterization

Ni–Zn ferrite powders were successfully synthesized by microwave-induced combustion process. The process takes only a few minutes to obtain calcined Ni–Zn ferrite powders. The resultant powders were investigated by XRD, SEM, VSM, TG/DTA and surface area measurements. The as-received product shows the formation of cubic ferrite with saturation magnetization (M_s)≈23 emu/g, whereas upon annealing at 850°C for 4 h, the saturation magnetization (M_s) increased to ≈52 emu/g.     

Influence of low-temperature annealing on the morphology of the surface layer of an iron-based amorphous alloy

The influence of isothermal annealing on the chemical composition, microstructure, and surface relief of ribbons of an amorphous Fe₇₇NiSi₉B₁₃ alloy was studied using Auger electron spectroscopy and transmission electron, atomic-force, and scanning tunneling microscopy. It is established that an annealing below the glass transition temperature results in a boron enrichment of the ribbon surface layer on the side of the ribbon that was not in contact with the roller during quenching. On both sides of a ribbon, islands of crystallized material 2–5 μm in size appear consisting of nano-and microcrystals of α-Fe on the roller-contacting side and of iron boride on the opposite side. The surface relief on the roller-contacting side of a ribbon and that on the opposite side are shown to differ in terms of their spectral and fractal characteristics after annealing. The effect of the chemical composition and excess free volume of the surface layer on the formation of islands of crystallized material and surface relief is discussed.     

Evolution of local atomic structure in a melt-spun Ni25Ti50Cu25 shape memory alloy during crystallization

The local atomic environment of a melt-spun Ni₂₅Ti₅₀Cu₂₅ amorphous alloy and bond evolution during crystallization were studied by extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. In the amorphous alloy, the interatomic distances of Ni–Ti and Cu–Ti are distinct from Ti–Ti and can be indicative of the formation of two types of dominant polyhedra or distorted polyhedral clusters centered with Ni and Cu, with the majority of shell atoms being Ti. The overall increase in the coordination numbers of Ni, Ti, and Cu by crystallization and evidence for structural relaxation suggest that the melt-spun ribbon contains a combination of ordered structures and free volume prior to the heat treatment. Copper and nickel are co-located as their absorption spectra are similar. Although crystallization occurs rapidly (within 4?min at 500 °C), the local atomic environment change persists at longer annealing durations (up to 10?min). An increase in the Ti–Ti and Cu–Cu homo-bond fractions at short and intermediate annealing times suggests that these species segregate between Cu-rich and Cu-poor phases. Crystallization continues through a short-range Ti and Cu diffusion-dominated process, as the near-neighbor structures of Ti and Cu change considerably more than for Ni during annealing. This homogenizes the microstructure followed by possible precipitation of a TiCu compound.     

Diffusion on two-dimensional percolation clusters with multifractal jump probabilities

By means of Monte Carlo simulations we studied the properties of diffusion limited recombination reactions (DLRR's) and random walks on two dimensional incipient percolation clusters with multifractal jump probabilities. We claim that, for these kind of geometric and energetic heterogeneous substrata, the long time behavior of the particle density in a DLRR is determined by a random walk exponent. It is also suggested that the exploration of a random walk is compact. It is considered a general case of intersection ind euclidean dimension of a random fractal of dimension D_F and a multifractal distribution of probabilities of dimensionsD _q (q real), where the two dimensional incipient percolation clusters with multifractal jump probabilities are particular examples. We argue that the object formed by this intersection is a multifractal of dimensionsD' _q =D _q +D _F -d, for a finite interval ofq.