Fabrication of Solid-State Thin-Film Batteries Based on RbAg4I5 by Aerosol Deposition

Russian Journal of Electrochemistry - A technology for preparation of thin-film solid-state batteries based on the silver?iodine electrochemical system by aerosol deposition in vacuum is...     

Thin-Film Cathode Materials Based on Chromium Oxides

The possibility of cycling of thin (8-10 m) films of chromium oxide compounds was studied. The charging-discharge conditions were optimized.     

脉冲激光沉积CuF2薄膜的电化学性能

采用脉冲激光沉积法在不锈钢基片上制备了纳米结构的CuF2薄膜,其充放电性能显示该薄膜具有540mAh·g-1可逆容量,对应于每个CuF2可与2.0个Li发生反应.其循环伏安特性显示在2.2和2.8 V(νs Li/Li+)处出现了一对新的氧化还原峰.充放电后薄膜的组成与结构通过非原位高分辨电子显微和选区电子衍射来表征.结果揭示了纳米结构CuF2薄膜的电化学反应机理,LiF在过渡金属Cu的驱动下可以发生可逆的分解和形成.     

Solid-Contact Polymer Sensors Based on Composite Materials

Ammonium and nitrate polymer sensors with solid contact, based on composites formed by a mixture of a membrane cocktail with metallic silver and silver chloride, were developed and studied for the first time.     

脉冲激光轰击固体靶制备纳米材料

综述了近年来脉冲激光轰击固体靶制备纳米材料。按介质种类和性质,脉冲激光轰击固体靶制备纳米材料的方法可分为六种:在气相、静态液相、动态液相三种惰性状态及其反应性状态下的反应。本文对以上六种制备方法及其优缺点作了较详细的阐述。其中最近发展起来的脉冲激光轰击处于流动液相中固体靶技术具有明显的优势,所制得的纳米产物分布均匀,重现性高,适用范围广泛。通过改变靶材和流动相的组分可制备各种各样具有新奇光、电、磁特性的纳米材料或纳米杂化材料,因而该技术有望成为脉冲激光轰击固体靶技术的一个重要的发展方向。     

Formation of Bilayer Thin-Film Electrolyte on Cathode Substrate by Electrophoretic Deposition

Potentialities of the method of bilayer thin-film electrolyte electrophoretic deposition onto cathodic substrate are analyzed. Ce_0.8Sm_0.2O_1.9–δ (SDC) nanopowder and BaCe_0.89Gd_0.1Cu_0.01O_3–δ BCGCuO) micropowder are prepared by the methods of laser evaporation–condensation and pyrolysis, respectively. The effect of ultrasonic treatment on the SDC and BCGCuO particle distribution in suspensions and their electrokinetic properties are studied. The using of the ultrasonic treatment combined with centrifugation allowed obtaining an aggregative-stable suspension of the BaCe_0.89Gd_0.1Cu_0.01O_3–δ micron particles in the isopropanol–acetylacetone mixed medium (70/30 v/v) that is characterized by high zeta potential. Ce_0.8Sm_0.2O_1.9–δ and BaCe_0.89Gd_0.1Cu_0.01O_3–δ thin films are obtained at the La₂NiO_{4 +δ} cathode substrate using electrophoretic deposition; microstructure and electric properties of the prepared thin-film structures are studied. The conductivity and electric properties of the bilayer electrolyte were found to be determined by the Ce_0.8Sm_0.2O_1.9–δ film properties. Despite the sintering high temperature, the grain structure of the BaCe_0.89Gd_0.1Cu_0.01O_3–δ film is underdeveloped; this is determined by the micron powder properties.     

气氛氧压对PLD法生长Nd:LuVO4薄膜的性能影响

采用脉冲激光沉积技术在不同气氛和氧分压下, 在抛光石英片上生长了一系列(200)面择优取向的NdLuVO4薄膜. 利用X射线衍射(XRD)分析了所制备薄膜性能, 认为成膜较为适宜的气氛为氧气, 且氧分压为20 Pa时所得到的薄膜性能较好. 利用原子力显微镜(AFM)观察了NdLuVO4薄膜的表面形貌, 分析了氧分压的存在对薄膜表面质量的影响. 利用卢瑟福背散射(RBS)分析了薄膜的组成, 发现薄膜的成分组成与靶材的成分较为一致. 利用棱镜耦合法测得了该薄膜中每条模所对应的有效折射率为2.0044和1.7098.     

New Data on Sixteen Reference Materials Obtained by INAA

We report instrumental neutron activation analysis results for 15 elements (K, Fe, Sc, Cr, Co, Zn, As, Rb, Sb, Cs, Ba, Hf, Ta, Th, and U) in 16 geochemical reference samples, namely SDC-1, SCo-1, SGR-1, STM-1, RGM-1, BIR-1, MAG-1 and BHVO-1 from USGS (United States Geological Survey, Reston), Soil-5, Soil-7 and SL-1 from IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna), and GSS-1, GSS-4, GSS-7, GSR-2 and GSR-3 from IGGE Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Prospecting, People's Republic of China), The results are compared with literature values. In general our results agree well with recommended or proposed values.     

New Sensory Materials Based on Chalcogenide Glasses Containing Zinc,Cadmium, and Manganese Sulfides

New chalcogenide glasses of the system 0.5AgI-(0.5 - x)Sb₂S_3-x MS containing cadmium, man- ganese, and zinc sulfides were obtained. The high purity of these materials and their glassy state were proved by X-ray analysis and X-ray fluorescence energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The impedance of the glasses obtained was measured within a wide range of frequencies, and the dependences of the conductivity on the composition of glasses were studied. New potentiometric sensors based the new glasses were developed, and an electrochemical experiment was carried out.     

Introduction and Application of Electrochemical Sensors Based on Screen-Printed Technology

We report here the development of chemical sensors based on screen-printed technology in our research group to solve major analytical problems in environmental and clinical aspects. The purpose of the research is aimed at the enhancement of selectivity and sensitivity for analysis and monitoring of pollutants and analytes using novel chenically modified screen-printed electrodes. For example, an enzyme reactor coupled with a copper-plated screen-printed carbon electrode (CuSPE) was developed for glucose sensing. The electrocatalytic reduction of enzymatically produced H2O2 at the CuSPE was determined by flow injection analysis (FIA) in pH 7.4 PBS. The proposed method was applied to determine glucose content in fruit juice and clinical sample and satisfactory results with good recoveries were obtained. A thoroughly kinetics and mechanism study was also done for those systems that are verified in analytical applications.     

Optical Chemical Sensors Based on Sol-Gel Materials: Recent Advances and Critical Issues

The use of the sol-gel process to produce materials for optical chemical sensors and biosensors is attracting considerable interest. This interest derives mainly from the design flexibility of the sol-gel process and the ease of fabrication. In most applications the sol-gel material is used to provide a microporous support matrix in which analyte-sensitive species are entrapped and into which smaller analyte molecules may diffuse. Sensors based on entrapped organic and inorganic dyes, enzymes and other biomolecules have been reported. A range of sensor configurations has been employed, including monoliths, thin films, as well as more elaborate structures. In this paper a selection is presented of recent significant developments in optical chemical sensors which employ solgel-derived materials. These developments include the tailoring of sol-gel materials to optimise sensor response, advanced waveguide structures and novel probe-tip sensors. Those issues which remain critical to the eventual deployment of sol-gel sensors are examined. In particular, the problems of leaching, microstructural stability, diffusion-limited response time, and susceptibility to interferents are discussed and some solutions proposed.     

退火温度对PLD法制备ZnO:Eu3+,Li+薄膜结构和发光性质的影响

采用脉冲激光沉积(PLD)法在Si(111)衬底上制备了Eu3+,Li+共掺杂的ZnO薄膜,分别在450,500,550和600℃条件下进行退火,退火气氛为真空。利用X射线衍射(XRD)仪和荧光分光光度计研究了退火温度对薄膜结构和光致发光(PL)的影响。研究结果表明,Eu3+,Li+共掺杂的ZnO薄膜具有c轴择优取向,Eu3+,Li+没有单独形成结晶的氧化物,均以离子形式掺入ZnO晶格中。PL谱中有较宽的ZnO基质缺陷发光,ZnO基质与稀土Eu3+之间存在能量传递,但没有有效的能量传递。随着退火温度的增加,薄膜发光先增强后减弱,退火温度为550℃时发光最强。当用395 nm的激发光激发样品时,仅观察到稀土Eu3+在594 nm附近的特征发光峰,但发光强度随退火温度变化不明显。     

火焰结构的平面激光诱导荧光技术观测

用平面激光诱导荧光（PLIF）技术测量了烧煤油的酒精喷灯单脉冲激光诱导荧光，由平面荧光图可清晰地看到氢氧基与C2、C3在火焰中的位置，同时，也看到了煤油火焰由发生、发展到熄灭过程中火焰结构的变化；PLIF技术是研究火焰结构的有力工具。     

罗丹明B聚合物修饰单壁碳纳米管薄膜电极的制备、表征及一氧化氮活体分析应用

以单壁碳纳米管作为电极材料,基于减压过滤和电聚合方法制备了一种薄膜型一氧化氮(NO)电化学传感器。扫描电镜、红外光谱和电化学交流阻抗表征表明,减压过滤可以制备出导电性好、电分析性能优良的薄膜电极,而罗丹明B能通过电聚合在其表面形成高比表面的纳米敏感结构。这种薄膜型电化学传感器对NO具有灵敏的电化学响应,其安培氧化电流与NO浓度在7.2×10-8~2.5×10-5mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限(S/N=3)达3.6×10-8mol/L。将该传感器紧贴在麻醉豚鼠的肝脏表面,成功实现了肝组织细胞在L-精氨酸刺激下NO释放的实时监测。     

Semiconductor Sensors of Gases Based on Pd/SnO2-Sb2O5 Materials

Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry - Palladium-containing materials based on antimony-doped tin dioxide have been developed to create a gas-sensitive layer of semiconductor sensors on a number...     

Electrophoretic Deposition of Thin-Film Coatings of Solid Electrolyte Based on Microsize BaCeO<Subscript>3</Subscript> Powders

Results are presented of an electrophoretic deposition of thin-film coatings based on doped barium cerate BaCeO₃ on a cathode substrate La₂NiO₄ (LNO), which are of interest for the technology of medium-temperature solid-oxide fuel cells. Suspensions for electrophoretic deposition in a mixed dispersion medium isopropanol/acetylacetone = 70/30 vol %, prepared from microsized powders BaCe_0.8Sm_0.2O_3–δ (BCSO) and BaCe_0.89Gd_0.1Cu_0.01O_3–δ (BCGCuO) synthesized by the citrate-nitrate method, demonstrated a high positive ζ-potential (+25 mV) suitable for deposition. A combination of the ultrasonic treatment and centrifugation made it possible to diminish the hydrodynamic diameter of BCSO and BCGCuO particles to 880 and 294 nm, respectively. It was shown that the BCGCuO film deposited onto an LNO cathode substrate has a higher density as compared with the BCSO film, which is due to the properties of the suspensions obtained. Upon a cyclic electrophoretic deposition in six stages, the total mass and thickness of the BCGCuO coating were 3.2 mg cm^–2 and 5 μm, which is sufficient for a unit solid-oxide cell to be formed. According to SEM data, the BCGCuO film is dense and has fully formed grains with sizes of 1 to 7 μm. Methods are discussed for eliminating the loss of Ba in sintering of a thin film based on BaCeO₃.     

Partial Characterization of Inulinases Obtained by Submerged and Solid-State Fermentation Using Agroindustrial Residues as Substrates: A Comparative Study

Inulinase belongs to an important class of enzymes as it can be used to produce high-fructose syrups by enzymatic hydrolysis of inulin and fructooligosaccharides, which has been used as functional food. This work aimed to carry out a partial characterization of the crude enzymatic extract of two different inulinases, obtained by solid-state fermentation (SSF) and submerged fermentation (SmF), using agroindustrial residues as substrates. The crude enzymatic extract obtained by SmF showed an optimal pH and temperature for hydrolytic activity of 4.5 and 55?°C, respectively; and that obtained by SSF conducted to optimal pH and temperature of 5.0 and 55?°C, respectively. Both enzymes presented high thermostability, with a D value of 230.4 h and 123.1 h for SmF and SSF, respectively. The inulinase produced by SmF showed highest stability at pH?4.4, while inulinase obtained by SSF was more stable at pH?4.8. The results showed that inulinase obtained by SmF is less susceptible to pH effect and the inulinase obtained by SSF is more resistant to higher temperatures.