约化密度矩阵及其在量子信息处理中的应用

密度矩阵在量子力学中主要是扩展了态矢量的概念.约化密度矩阵是通过对整个系统中的密度矩阵的某一子系求部分迹得到的.本文首先介绍了约化密度矩阵的定义,然后指出约化密度矩阵在纠缠态的定义、两体系统中量子纠缠的度量、系统与环境耦合造成的退相干的物理机制等量子信息前沿领域方面的应用.     

Quantum and classical correlations for a two-qubit X structure density matrix

We derive explicit expressions for quantum discord and classical correlation for an X structure density matrix. Based on the characteristics of the expressions, the quantum discord and the classical correlation are easily obtained and compared under different initial conditions using a novel analytical method. We explain the relationships among quantum discord, classical correlation, and entanglement, and further find that the quantum discord is not always larger than the entanglement measured by concurrence in a general two-qubit X state. The new method, which is different from previous approaches, has certain guiding significance for analysing quantum discord and classical correlation of a two-qubit X state, such as a mixed state.     

On the statistical mechanics approach in the random matrix theory: Integrated density of states

We consider the ensemble of random symmetricn×n matrices specified by an orthogonal invariant probability distribution. We treat this distribution as a Gibbs measure of a mean-field-type model. This allows us to show that the normalized eigenvalue counting function of this ensemble converges in probability to a nonrandom limit asn and that this limiting distribution is the solution of a certain self-consistent equation.     

Solving the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen puzzle: the origin of non-locality in Aspect-type experiments

So far no mechanism is known, which could connect the two measurementsin an Aspect-type experiment. Here, we suggest such a mechanism, basedon the phase of a photon’s field during propagation. We showthat two polarization measurements are correlated, even if no signalpasses from one point of measurement to the other. The non-local connectionof a photon pair is the result of its origin at a common source, wherethe two fields acquire a well defined phase difference. Therefore,it is not actually a non-local effect in any conventional sense. Weexpect that the model and the detailed analysis it allows will havea major impact on quantum cryptography and quantum computation.     

Criterion of Quantum Entanglement and the Covariance Correlation Tensor in the Theory of Quantum Network

This article discusses the covariance correlation tensor (CCT) in quantum network theory for four Bell bases in detail. Furthermore, it gives the expression of the density operator in terms of CCT for a quantum network of three nodes, thus gives the criterion of entanglement for this case, i.e. the conditions of complete separability and partial separability for a given quantum state of three bodies. Finally it discusses the general case for the quantum network of m≥3 nodes.     

The nature of the liquid-vapour interface and other topics in the statistical mechanics of non-uniform,classical fluids

Recent theoretical work on the microscopic structure and surface tension of the liquid-vapour interface of simple (argon-like) fluids is critically reviewed. In particular, the form of pairwise intermolecular correlations in the liquid surface and the capillary wave treatment of the interface are examined in some detail. It is argued that conventional capillary wave theory, which leads to divergences in the width of the density profile, is unsatisfactory for describing all the equilibrium aspects of the interface. The density functional formalism which has been developed to study the liquid-vapour interface can also be profitably applied to other problems in the statistical mechanics of non-uniform fluids; here a new generalization of the ‘linear’ theory of spinodal decomposition is formulated and by considering a ‘nearly uniform’ fluid, some useful results for the long-wavelength behaviour of the liquid structure factor of various monatomic liquids are obtained. Some other topics of current interest in this area are briefly discussed.     

An optimized cluster density matrix embedding theory

We propose an optimized cluster density matrix embedding theory(CDMET).It reduces the computational cost of CDMET with simpler bath states.And the result is as accurate as the original one.As a demonstration,we study the distant correlations of the Heisenberg J_1-J_2 model on the square lattice.We find that the intermediate phase(0.43■J_2■0.62) is divided into two parts.One part is a near-critical region(0.43■ J_2■ 0.50).The other part is the plaquette valence bond solid(PVB) state(0.51■J_2■ 0.62).The spin correlations decay exponentially as a function of distance in the PVB.     

几类粒子密度算符和粒子流密度算符的讨论

从粒子密度和粒子流密度出发,分析了几类相关的算符,讨论了它们的性质与相互关系;从具体的物理意义出发,明确了合适的粒子密度算符和粒子流密度算符的表达形式.     

自旋交换算符在量子力学中的应用

根据自旋交换算符的性质,讨论了自旋交换算符在量子力学中的某些应用,这一方法为两体自旋耦合体系的求解提供了方便的途径.     

Linear matrix inequality approach to exponential synchronization of a class of chaotic neural networks with time-varying delays

In this paper, a synchronization scheme for a class of chaotic neural networks with time-varying delays is presented. This class of chaotic neural networks covers several well-known neural networks, such as Hopfield neural networks, cellular neural networks, and bidirectional associative memory networks. The obtained criteria are expressed in terms of linear matrix inequalities, thus they can be efficiently verified. A comparison between our results and the previous results shows that our results are less restrictive.     

Properties of Parity Non-conserved and Parity Conserved States in MatrixProduct Systems

In terms of reflection transformation of a matrix product state (MPS), the parity of the MPS is defined. Based on the reflective parity non-conserved MPS pair we construct the even-parity state |Ψ_e> and the odd-parity state |Ψ_o>. It is interesting to find that the parity non-conserved reflective MPSpair have no long-range correlations; instead the even-parity state|Ψ_e> and the odd-parity state |Ψ_o> constructed from them have the same long-range correlations for the parity non-conserved block operators. Moreover, the entanglement between a block of n contiguous spins and the rest of the spin chain for the states |Ψ_e> and |Ψ_o > is larger than that for the reflective MPS pair except for n=1, and the difference of them approaches 1 monotonically and asymptotically from 0 as n increases from 1. Thesecharacteristics indicate that MPS parity as a conserved physical quantity represents a kind of coherent collective quantum mode, and that the parity conserved MPSs contain more correlation, coherence, and entanglement than the parity non-conserved ones.     

三体纯态的纠缠度与量子控制隐形传送的理论分析

对三体纯态,V.Coffman等提出了分布纠缠的概念及纠缠的度量"tangle".本文由变换算符出发,以三粒子作为量子通道对一个任意的粒子态实现控制隐形传送为例,给出纠缠度与量子控制隐形传态之间满足的关系.     

New equation for deriving pure state density operators by Weyl correspondence and Wigner operator

By virtue of the completeness of Wigner operator and Weyl correspondence we construct a general equation for deriving pure state density operators. Several important examples are considered as the applications of this equation, which shows that our approach is effective and convenient for deducing these entangled state representations.     

Common cause and contextual realization of Bell correlation

Considering the common cause principle, we construct a local-contextual hidden-variable model for the Bohm version of EPR experiment. Our proposed model can reproduce the predictions of quantum mechanics. It can be also extended to classical examples in which similar correlations may be revealed.     

Quantum phase transitions in matrix product states of one-dimensional spin-1 chains

We present a new model of quantum phase transitions in matrix product systems of one-dimensional spin-1 chains and study the phases coexistence phenomenon. We find that in the thermodynamic limit the proposed system has three different quantum phases and by adjusting the control parameters we are able to realize any phase, any two phases equal coexistence and the three phases equal coexistence. At every critical point the physical quantities including the entanglement are not discontinuous and the matrix product system has long-range correlation and N-spin maximal entanglement. We believe that our work is helpful for having a comprehensive understanding of quantum phase transitions in matrix product states of one-dimensional spin chains and of certain directive significance to the preparation and control of one-dimensional spin lattice models with stable coherence and N-spin maximal entanglement.     

Symmetry properties of the electron density and following from it limits on the KS-DFT applications

ABSTRACT

At present, the Density Functional Theory (DFT) approach elaborated by Kohn with co-authors more than 50 years ago became the most widely used method for study molecules and solids. Using modern computation facilities, it can be applied to systems with million atoms. In the atmosphere of such great popularity, it is particularly important to know the limits of the applicability of DFT methods. In this report, I will discuss two cases when the conventional DFT approaches, using only electron density ρ and its gradients, cannot be applied (I will not consider the Ψ-versions of DFT). The first case is quite evident. In the degenerated states, the electron density may not be defined, since electronic and nuclear motions cannot be separated, the vibronic interaction mixed them. The second case is related to the spin of the state. As it was rigorously proved by group theoretical methods at the theorem level, the electron density does not depend on the total spin S of the arbitrary N-electron state. It means that the Kohn–Sham equations have the same form for states with different S. The critical survey of elaborated DFT procedures, taking into account spin, shows that they modified only exchange functionals, the correlation functionals do not correspond to the spin of the state. The point is that the conception of spin cannot be defined in the framework of the electron density formalism, which corresponds to the one-particle reduced density matrix. This is the main reason of the problems arising in the study by DFT of magnetic properties of the transition metals. The possible way of resolving these problems can be found in the two-particle reduced density matrix formulation of DFT.     

Quantum phase transitions in matrix product states of one-dimensional spin-1/2 chains

For the matrix product system of a one-dimensional spin-1/2 chain, we present a new model of quantum2 phase transitions and find that in the thermodynamic limit, both sides of the critical point are respectively described by phases ｜Ψa 〉=｜1··· 1 representing all particles spin up and ｜Ψb 〉=｜0··· 0 representing all particles spin down, while the phase transition point is an isolated intermediate-coupling point where√ the two phases coexist equally, which is2 described by the so-called N-qubit maximally entangled GHZ state ｜Ψpt =√2/2（｜1··· 1 ＋｜0··· 0）. At the critical point,2the physical quantities including the entanglement are not discontinuous and the matrix product system has longrange correlation and N-qubit maximal entanglement. We believe that our work is helpful for having a comprehensive understanding of quantum phase transitions in matrix product states of one-dimensional spin chains and of potential directive significance to the preparation and control of one-dimensional spin lattice models with stable coherence and N-qubit maximal entanglement.