镧掺杂二氧化钛光催化性能的研究

通过在TiO2晶格中掺杂La2O3,考察不同的La2O3掺杂量对光催化活性的影响,找出了La2O3的最佳掺杂量.实验结果表明由于进入TiO2晶格中的La2O3使TiO2晶格发生畸变,减少了光生电子-空穴对的复合率,提高了催化剂的光催化效率.     

稀土镧掺杂二氧化钛的光催化特性

二氧化钛有合适的禁带宽度,在光催化体系中有较好的稳定性,是一种较为理想的半导体光催化剂.近来,在太阳能转换和储存,二氧化碳还原,有害复杂有机物降解等方面都引起了广泛的研究兴趣.已有文献报导了不同的掺杂催化体系对其光催化性能的影响.Ｋａｋｕｔａ[1,2]等研究了二氧化钛复合氧化物体系的光催化性能.Ｃｈｏｉ[3]等系统地研究了过渡金属氧化物掺杂的二氧化钛的光催化性能和空穴电子复合之间的联系.也有研究者从掺杂体系的晶体结构和表面物化性质,如晶相(锐钛矿,金红石,无定形),比表面积,晶粒尺寸和表面羟基的角度讨论与光催化活性的关…     

水热法制备铂掺杂二氧化钛及其可见光催化性能

以纳米管钛酸为前驱体,采用水热法制备了Pt掺杂TiO2样品.水热反应过程中,纳米管钛酸表面羟基与氯铂酸发生酸碱中和反应,导致反应后pH值升高;在130°C开始纳米管钛酸晶体结构由正交晶系转变为锐钛矿相TiO2.表面化学组成分析表明,掺杂的Pt主要以+2价形式存在.以丙烯为模型污染物,评价样品的可见光(λ≥420nm)光催化活性.结果表明,Pt-TiO2具有明显的可见光光催化降解丙烯的活性,其中160°C水热处理制得的Pt-TiO2活性最高.最后讨论了低温水热法Pt掺杂的形成机理及Pt-TiO2具有可见光响应的原因.     

氟掺杂提高纳米二氧化钛光催化活性的研究进展

纳米二氧化钛(TiO2)具有光催化活性高、无毒、化学性质稳定、成本低等优点,是目前最具发展前景的光催化剂。但TiO2的宽禁带和低量子效率限制了它的实际应用。因此,对TiO2进行改性研究,实现TiO2的可见光响应和提高其量子效率成为研究的热点。氟掺杂不仅能够使TiO2具有可见光催化活性,而且可提高其紫外光催化活性。本文综述了氟掺杂TiO2的制备,氟掺杂提高TiO2光催化活性的机理、氟与其他元素共掺杂TiO2的研究进展。     

高光催化活性和易分离回收的硫掺杂 TiO2纳米管

采用两步水热法制备了硫掺杂的单一锐钛矿型Ti02纳米管(STNTs)催化剂.结果表明,STNTs的外径为10-20 nm,长200 nm左右:掺杂的硫以SO42-形态键合在TiO2的表面.STNTs具有较高的光催化活性,在紫外光和太阳光照射下催化降解甲基橙溶液的一级反应速率常数k分别为0.7992和0.5208 h-1,比未掺杂的TiO2纳米管的k值分别提高了约5倍和10倍.另外,STNTs可以通过简单的重力沉降从反应体系中分离回收.     

镧掺杂二氧化钛纳米管光催化性能

以多孔有序阳极氧化铝为模板,利用溶胶-凝胶法制备掺杂La的二氧化钛纳米管,用场发射扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪和比表面分析仪对其进行表征,以甲基橙为目标降解物,对比未掺杂的二氧化钛纳米粉、纳米管以及掺杂的二氧化钛纳米粉研究其光催化性能,并对降解机制进行分析。结果表明：适量的掺杂有利于提高二氧化钛纳米管的光催化性能,掺杂存在一个最佳量,本试验条件下为1%（质量分数）。掺杂的二氧化钛纳米管光催化性能优于掺杂的纳米粉。     

以钛氧有机物为前驱物制备具有高光催化活性的纳米二氧化钛晶体

 纳米二氧化钛的制备方法及前驱物的差别影响其光催化活性．将20ml钛酸丁酯及30ml乙酐在密闭容器中与50ml环己烷混合，在70～85℃反应30min，生成微细的非晶钛氧有机物；经FT－IR和TGA分析，该物质被确认为计量式是TiOOOCCH3）2和TiO（OC4H9）（OOCCH3）的混合体．该钛氧有机物前驱物经焙烧后得到具有高光催化活性的纳米二氧化钛晶体．表征结果表明，钛氧有机物在焙烧过程中，其表面的吸附物及键合有机基团在400℃以前发生脱附和氧化分解；在389～405℃间形成锐钛矿型晶体，在600℃出现金红石晶型；600℃焙烧3h所得样品的比表面积为86m2／g，其二次粒子呈200～300nm条形体，孔隙大于20nm；单分散粒子为球形单晶，粒径为22nm；表面物理吸附水量为1．21％，加热至800℃时失重1．48％，粉体稳定纯净．光催化实验结果表明，以钛氧有机物为前驱物制备的纳米二氧化钛晶体具有高的光催化活性，光降解丁基罗丹明溶液的反应速率常数约为溶胶－凝胶法制备的催化剂样品的4倍．表面氧空缺和一定量的表面羟基可能是粉体具有高光催化活性的重要因素．     

水热法制备掺杂铁离子的TiO2纳米粒子及其光催化反应研究

以TiCl⁴为前驱体,采用水热法制备了掺杂铁离子的TiO₂纳米粒子,利用XRD对不同条件下制备的产物进行了表征,探讨了反应温度、胶体溶液pH值和反应时间对水热反应的影响.考察了所制备的Fe³⁺-TiO₂纳米粒子光催化降解罗丹明B的催化性能,实验发现,制备的掺杂0.1%Fe³⁺-TiO₂纳米粒子与纯TiO₂相比,具有更好的催化活性.     

离子掺杂与载体类型交互效应对纳米TiO2薄膜光活性改性研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法在六种不同基体材料上制备了掺杂La3 的TiO2纳米复合材料.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM),x射线衍射(XRD)及紫外-可见吸收光谱对其TiO2薄膜的TiO2颗粒形态和相组成进行了详细研究,并以甲基橙为模拟对象,研究了不同浓度的La3 掺杂对催化剂光活性的影响,结果表明:脱色率(η%)随载体、掺杂浓度不同而变.不锈钢载体掺杂浓度为0.604×1021/cm3La3 的二氧化钛薄膜对甲基橙有最高的降解效率,陶瓷载体掺杂0.604×1017/cm3La3 的降解效率最高,玻璃载体最佳La3 掺杂浓度为6.04×1017/cm3,而钛片载体最佳La3 掺杂浓度为0.604×1023/cm3.     

高温氮掺杂制备二氧化钛导电粉

以廉价的偏钛酸为原料,在高温下进行N掺杂,制备了具有良好导电性能的TiO2粉,950℃焙烧3h后,体积电阻率低达6.5×10-3Ω.cm。高浓度N的受主掺杂在TiO2禁带中形成连续的能级,在紫外可见范围内都有很强的光吸收性能,电阻率随N含量的增加而下降。采用XRD、XPS、元素分析、紫外-可见漫反射、扫描电镜分析了粉体的晶相组成、元素价态、N含量、表面形态和粒径大小。     

Doped titanium dioxide nanocrystalline powders with high photocatalytic activity

Doped titanium dioxide nanopowders (M:TiO₂; M=Fe, Co, Nb, Sb) with anatase structure were successfully synthesized through an hydrothermal route preceded by a precipitation doping step. Structural and morphological characterizations were performed by powder XRD and TEM. Thermodynamic stability studies allowed to conclude that the anatase structure is highly stable for all doped TiO₂ prepared compounds. The photocatalytic efficiency of the synthesized nanopowders was tested and the results showed an appreciable enhancement in the photoactivity of the Sb:TiO₂ and Nb:TiO₂, whereas no photocatalytic activity was detected for the Fe:TiO₂ and Co:TiO₂ nanopowders. These results were correlated to the doping ions oxidation states, determined by Mössbauer spectroscopy and magnetization data.     

Synthesis and photocatalytic activity for water-splitting reaction of nanocrystalline mesoporous titania prepared by hydrothermal method

Nanocrystalline mesoporous TiO₂ was synthesized by hydrothermal method using titanium butoxide as starting material. XRD, SEM, and TEM analyses revealed that the synthesized TiO₂ had anatase structure with crystalline size of about 8 nm. Moreover, the synthesized titania possessed a narrow pore size distribution with average pore diameter and high specific surface area of 215 m²/g. The photocatalytic activity of synthesized TiO₂ was evaluated with photocatalytic H₂ production from water-splitting reaction. The photocatalytic activity of synthesized TiO₂ treated with appropriate calcination temperature was considerably higher than that of commercial TiO₂ (Ishihara ST-01). The utilization of mesoporous TiO₂ photocatalyst with high crystallinity of anatase phase promoted great H₂ production. Furthermore, the reaction temperature significantly influences the water-splitting reaction.     

Effects of pH and temperature on photocatalytic activity of PbTiO3 synthesized by hydrothermal method

PbTiO₃ photocatalyst was synthesized successfully by facile hydrothermal method. The effects of the hydrothermal reaction temperatures and the pH values of the systems on the photocatalytic activities of PbTiO₃ were investigated in detail. The photocatalytic activities of samples were evaluated by the degradation of methyl orange (MO) aqueous solution under simulated solar irradiation. The as-obtained PbTiO₃ sample exhibits anisotropical growth along the (0 0 1) plane, and its photocatalytic activity is about 3 times higher than that of PbTiO₃ prepared by precipitation method. Moreover, the as-prepared PbTiO₃ has high stability during photocatalytic oxidation process, and does not cause secondary pollution.     

Novel three-dimensional dandelion-like TiO2 structure with high photocatalytic activity

Pure rutile phase crystalline TiO₂ powder with novel 3D dandelion-like structure was synthesized by using a facile hydrothermal method with TiCl₃ as the main starting material. In such a 3D structure, the nanometer-scale construction elements aggregate together and form a micrometer-scale artificial unit. The typical 3D dandelion structure has an average diameter of 1.5-2 μm and is packed radially by nanorods with [001] preference growth direction. Each individual nanorod is hundreds of nanometers in length, and tens of nanometers in diameter. The obtained 3D dandelion-like TiO₂ powder has a high photocatalytic activity, which is equivalent to that of the commercial available P25 titania powder. Mechanisms of the formation of the dandelion-like structure were also discussed. A different oxidation process of Ti(III) to Ti(IV) during hydrothermal was suggested.     

High quality Sb-doped SnO2 electrodes with high oxygen evolution potential prepared by in situ hydrothermal synthesis method

High quality Sb-doped SnO_2 electrode,with high oxygen evolution potential of 3.0 V,was successfully synthesized on the Ti substrates by in situ hydrothermal synthesis method.     

Visible light photocatalytic activity of BiVO4 particles with different morphologies

Bismuth vanadate (BiVO₄) particles with different morphologies were synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal process and their optical and photocatalytic properties were investigated. Their crystal structure and microstructures were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). XRD patterns demonstrate that the as-prepared samples are monoclinic cell. FESEM shows that BiVO₄ crystals can be fabricated in different morphologies by simply manipulating the reaction parameters of hydrothermal process. The UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectra (UV–vis DRS) reveal that the band gaps of BiVO₄ photocatalysts are about 2.07–2.21 eV. The as-prepared BiVO₄ photocatalysts exhibit higher photocatalytic activities in the degradation of rhodamine B (Rh B) under visible light irradiation (λ > 420 nm) compared with traditional N-doped TiO₂ (N-TiO₂). Furthermore, wheat like BiVO₄ sample reveals the highest photocatalytic activity. Up to 100% Rh B is decolorized after visible light irradiation for 180 min. The reason for the difference in the photocatalytic activities for BiVO₄ samples obtained at different conditions were systematically studied based on their shape, size and the variation of local structure.     

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanoparticles by surface modification with KF using thermal shock method

ZnO nanoparticles were modified with KF using thermal shock method at various temperatures in order to improve the photocatalytic activity of ZnO under both UVA and visible light irradiation. The influences of KF-modification on the crystal structure, morphology, UV–visible absorption, specific surface area as well as surface structure of ZnO were respectively characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, UV–Visible diffuse reflectance, N₂ adsorption and XPS spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated via the degradation of methylene blue under UVA irradiation. According to the results, the thermal shock process with KF did not modify the structure, the particle size and the optical properties of ZnO nanoparticles but successfully increase their UVA and visible light induced photocatalytic activity. This enhancement of activity may be attributed to the increase of surface hydroxyl groups and zinc vacancies of modified ZnO samples.     

Effect of synthesis temperature on the preparation of titanium dioxides by the hydrothermal method. photocatalytic activity

Summary TiO₂ nanoparticles were prepared by the hydrolysis of titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) using TMA (tetramethylamine) as a peptizer in the hydrothermal method. The photocatalytic degradation of Orange II has been studied in a batch reactor under UV light. The particle size was similar to that from hydrothermal treatment at 120-170^oC, but it increased to 23 nm at 200^oC. The titania particles prepared at 170^oC and calcined at 600^oC showed the highest activity in the photocatalytic decomposition ofOrange II.     

Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of phosphorous-doped TiO2 with high photocatalytic activity for methylene blue degradation

Phosphorous-doped titania was synthesized by a one step hydrothermal method. These samples exist in anatase phase with much higher crystallinity compared to those prepared by conventional calcination method. In addition, P-doping induced additional hydroxyl groups on surfaces and decreased the numbers of oxygen vacancies in the bulk. Therefore, the methylene blue (MB) degradation performance on the phosphorous-doped photocatalyst is much enhanced and superior to that of the commercial P25. The hydrothermal method proves to be very suitable for the synthesis of P-doped titania photocatalyst.     

The effects of Te on the performance of Mo-V catalysts prepared by hydrothermal synthesis

Some Mo-V-Te-La catalysts with varied component were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and dried with microwave method. The component of the catalyst were greatly affected the crystal structure and Raman spectrum. The phase in the catalysts was different when the Mo, V, and Te content varied. When the catalyst containing the same Mo, V content, due to the effect of dopant of Te element (V0.07 Mo0.93)5O14 became the main phase in the catalyst. The catalyst also showed good activity for the reaction of selective oxidation propane to acrolein and acrylic acid.