Isolation of C60(CF3)n (n = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10) with high compositional purity

The high temperature reaction of C₆₀ with silver(I) trifluoroacetate followed by 500 °C sublimation and subsequent HPLC purification has led to the isolation of the five trifluoromethyl[60]fullerenes C₆₀(CF₃)_n (n=2, 4, 6, 8, 10). Four of them have >90% compositional purity. Two of the compounds, C₆₀(CF₃)₄ and C₆₀(CF₃)₆, were obtained as C₁-symmetry isomers with >90% isomeric purity, and a sample of C₆₀(CF₃)₂ also contained ca. 15-20% of a C_s-symmetry isomer of C₆₀(CF₃)₄. The new compounds were characterized by IR and EI mass spectrometry (all five compounds), NMR spectroscopy (C₆₀(CF₃)₂, C₆₀(CF₃)₄, and C₆₀(CF₃)₆), and 2D COSY NMR spectroscopy (C₆₀(CF₃)₄ and C₆₀(CF₃)₆). Calculations at the AM1 and DFT levels of theory have led to the prediction of the most likely structures for C₆₀(CF₃)₂, C₁-C₆₀(CF₃)₄, C_s-C₆₀(CF₃)₄, and the two most likely structures of C₁-C₆₀(CF₃)₆.     

Synthesis and characterisation of bis(pentafluorophenyl)antimony(V) cations, [(C6F5)2SbL3]

Pentacoordinate complex cations of the general formula [(C₆F₅)₂SbL₃]³⁺ stabilized as solid salts in combination with tetraphenylborate (BPh₄), tetrafluorobroate (BF₄) anions, where L=DMSO, Ph₃AsO, PyO, DMF, α-, β- and γ-picoline have been isolated. The newly formed complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance measurements, solid-state IR and and NMR. From these results, a five-fold coordination around antimony was required.     

Effect of doping and temperature on the crystal structure of (V1−xMox)2O3 above and below the metal/insulator transition

The crystal structure of new molybdenum-doped vanadium sesquioxides (V_1−xMo_x)₂O₃ (0?x?0.20) has been studied at low temperature (10 K) and up to room temperature, through neutron and X-ray powder diffraction. The transition from insulating I- to metallic M-type phases, either by doping or thermally driven, is accompanied by an abrupt decrease of all interatomic distances. Within each structural type however, at 10 K, the effect of doping is essentially the same as at room temperature: it increases cation-oxygen distances, and decreases cation-cation distances, making the cationic coordination octahedra more regular. Thermal effects differ for each phase type: all interatomic distances normally increase in the M-type phase (but with different octahedral modifications depending on doping), but they decrease or remain constant in the I-type phase. This produces an unusual negative thermal expansion coefficient up to 5% at low temperature for the doped compounds.     

Substitution of Co in YBa2Fe3O8

The accommodation of Co in the oxygen-saturated solid-solution phase YBa₂(Fe_1−zCo_z)₃O_8+w has been investigated by powder X-ray and neutron diffraction techniques, as well as by Mössbauer spectroscopy. Of the nominal composition range 0.00?z?1.00 tested, the solid-solution limit under syntheses at 950°C in is z=0.47(5). No symmetry change in the nuclear and magnetic structures is seen as a consequence of the Co substitution, and the Co atoms are distributed evenly over the two sites that are square-pyramidally and octahedrally coordinated for w=0. The oxygen-saturated samples maintain their oxygen content roughly constant throughout the homogeneity range, showing that Co³⁺ replaces Fe³⁺. Despite the nearly constant value of w, Mössbauer spectroscopy shows that the amount of tetravalent Fe slightly increases with increasing z, and this allows Co to adopt valence close to 3.00 to a good approximation. The magnitude of the antiferromagnetic moment (located in the a,b plane) decreases with z in accordance with the high-spin states of the majority Fe³⁺ and Co³⁺ ions. Bond-valence analyses are performed to illustrate how the structural network becomes increasingly frustrated as a result of the substitution of Fe³⁺ by the smaller Co³⁺ ion. A contrast is pointed out with the substitution of cobalt in YBa₂Cu₃O₇ where it is a larger Co²⁺ ion that replaces smaller Cu²⁺.     

Synthesis of lariat organochalcogenoethers based on azacalix[3]arenes for the potentiometric detection of [UO2] ions

The syntheses of organochalcogen-supported azacalix[3]arenes are described in a one-pot manner in satisfactory yields. A remarkably selective potentiometric response was accomplished for uranyl ions over a variety of other metal ions, including alkali (Na⁺, K⁺), alkaline-earth (Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Ba²⁺), transition and heavy metal ions (Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Ag⁺, Fe³⁺, Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺) using an ion-selective electrode based on compound 3 incorporated into a polymeric (PVC) membrane.     

Structural characterization and ferroelectric ordering in (C3N2H5)5Sb2Br11

A ferroelectric crystal (C₃N₂H₅)₅Sb₂Br₁₁ has been synthesized. The single crystal X-ray diffraction studies (at 300, 155, 138 and 121 K) show that it is built up of discrete corner-sharing bioctahedra and highly disordered imidazolium cations. The room temperature crystal structure has been determined as monoclinic, space group, P2₁/n with: , and and β=96.19^°. The crystal undergoes three solid-solid phase transitions: ) discontinuous, continuous and discontinuous. The dielectric and pyroelectric measurements allow us to characterize the low temperature phases III and IV as ferroelectric with the Curie point at 145 K and the saturated spontaneous polarization value of the order of along the a-axis (135 K). The ferroelectric phase transition mechanism at 145 K is due to the dynamics of imidazolium cations.     

A short, simple and general approach for the synthesis of (3S,4S)-3-methoxy-4-methylamino pyrrolidine and (3S,4R)-3-methoxy-4-methylamino pyrrolidine

A general and efficient stereoselective approach for the synthesis of (3S,4S) and (3S,4R)-3-methoxy-4-methylamino pyrrolidines, a part of the structure of AG-7352, a naphthyridine antitumor agent and quinoline antibacterial compounds has been described.     

Ruthenium(II) complexes with 2-(benzylimino-methyl)-4-R-phenol containing the trans(PPh3),cis(CO,Cl)-{Ru(PPh3)2(CO)Cl} unit

Reactions of [Ru(PPh₃)₃Cl₂] with 2-(benzylimino-methyl)-4-R-phenol (H^RL, R = H, Cl, Br and OMe) in boiling methanol in presence of triethylamine afford ruthenium(II) complexes of general formula [Ru(^RL)(PPh₃)₂(CO)Cl] in 57-64% yield. Microanalysis, spectroscopic (infrared, electronic and NMR) and cyclic voltammetric measurements have been used for the characterization of the complexes. Crystal structures of two representative complexes have been determined by X-ray crystallography. The carbonyl, the chloride, the N,O-donor ^RL⁻ and the two mutually trans PPh₃ molecules assemble a distorted octahedral CClNOP₂ coordination sphere around the metal centre in each complex. The complexes display the Ru(II) → Ru(III) oxidation in the potential range 0.62-1.16 V (vs. Ag/AgCl).     

First separation and characterization of cis and trans 1,2-bisaryloxy perfluorocyclobutanes

4-Bromotrifluorovinyloxybenzene (4-Br-TFVE) undergoes cyclodimerization upon heating at 150 °C affording cis and trans isomers of 1,2-bis(4-bromophenoxy)hexafluorocylcobutane. Stereoisomers were separated by selective crystallization, confirmed by single crystal X-ray, and further characterized by NMR. Remarkable difference in the solid state structures include aryl to aryl dihedral angles of 12° for the trans isomer and 88° for the cis isomer. Polymers containing roughly equal amounts of cis and trans fused perfluorocyclobutyl (PFCB) rings should be expected to have low crystallinity due to the marked difference in the two unit cells as is observed.     

Molecular structure and spectral properties of thionaphthalimides

The molecular structure and absorption spectra of monothio- and dithio-naphthalimides were compared to their naphthalimide analogues using AM1, PM3 and ZINDO/S semiempirical quantum chemical methods. The substitution of the 4R-naphthalimide oxygen atoms by sulphur atoms resulted in a red-shift of the absorption spectra by Δλ_max60-65 and 100-140 nm, respectively. The thionated naphthalimide derivatives do not show observable fluorescence due to intersystem crossing to the triplet -states localised at the CS groups. The -absorption bands of monothioimides are located at 525-580 nm (ε=60-80) and those for dithioimides at 535-560 nm (ε=140-390) and 628-686 nm (ε=34-68). None of these transitions are solvent sensitive. The -transitions of N-phenylthioimides have also a small contribution from -states due to a partial conjugation between CS group and π-electronic system of the N-phenyl ring. As a result, the bands of aromatic substituted N-phenylthioimides are red-shifted as compared to those of the aliphatic N-methyl-thioimides.     

Solvent effects on the O NMR chemical shifts of 4-dimethylsulfoximide-1,1,1-trifluoro-3-alken-2-ones

A multi-linear-regression analysis using the Kamlet-Abbout-Taft (KAT) solvatochromic parameters in order to elucidate and quantify the solvent effects on the chemical shifts of three 4-dimethylsulfoximide-1,1,1-trifluoro-3-buten-2-ones is reported. The predominant conformational structures of compounds has been determined by energy minimization calculations using the Austin Model (AM1) semi-empirical method, which has been used to explain the NMR chemical shifts for CO and SO groups. The chemical shifts of carbonyl and sulfoximide oxygen’s of molecules showed similar dependencies (in ppm) on the solvent polarity-polarizability and the solvent hydrogen-bond-donor (HBD) acidities. The influence of solvent hydrogen-bond-acceptor (HBA) basicities was little significant.     

Synthesis and NMR studies of 2- and 3-fluorosubstitued five-membered heterocycles

A set of 2-fluoro- and 3-fluoro-substituted thiophenes, pyrroles and furans has been synthesized by a treatment of the corresponding lithio derivatives with N-fluorodibenzenesulfonamide. For all these compounds, and coupling constants and NMR chemical shifts have been measured. In all cases, a dramatic increase of the couplings has been observed in 2-fluoro- and 3-fluoro-substituted compounds in comparison with those measured for the parent compounds. The same is valid for measured in 3-fluoro derivatives.The DFT calculations performed for 2- and 3-fluoro-substituted compounds reproduce very well the experimental coupling values and show that the Fermi contact contribution is the main factor determining their magnitude. Also the trends observed in the NMR shieldings are well reflected in the calculated DFT data.     

Mixed micelles of homologous perfluoropolyether anionic surfactants in water

The mixtures of sodium and ammonium salts of three homologous perfluoropolyether carboxylic acids having Cl-terminated perfluoroalkyl group (Cl-PFPE) and differing in the average molecular weight (MW) were examined. The surfactants, namely n2, n3 and n4, have two, three and four PFPE units, respectively. Each surfactant was studied alone and in mixture with the other surfactants with the same counterion. NMR chemical shifts were measured for each surfactant and for the mixtures in different concentrations. For a given mixture the micelle composition, X_i, can be determined from the observation of the chemical shifts of the micellar components. It was found that Cl-PFPE surfactant mixtures form in water mixed micelles which contain the surfactants in equilibrium with monomeric species. The analysis of NMR chemical shift variations allowed evaluating the partition of the various surfactants in the mixed aggregates as a function of the total concentration. Composition of mixed micelles resembles ideal mixing predictions particularly at high surfactant concentrations.     

Action des hydrazines fluoroalkylées sur les phosphoallènes: synthèse d’hydrazones N-fluoroalkylées β-phosphonatées

Ten phosphorylated β-hydrazones of structure R₂P(O)C(NNHR_F)CHR₂′ were prepared in 54-91% yield by heating the allenes R₂P(O)CHCCR₂′ with fluorinated hydrazines H₂NNHR_F in chloroform or methanol [R=Ph, OCH₂C(Me)₂CH₂O or OCH₂C(Me)(Pr)CH₂O, R′=H or Me and R_F=CH₂CF₃ or C₆F₅]. Two cyclohexyl derivatives were prepared similarly from R₂P(O)CHCCy. The triphenyl derivatives Ph₂P(O)CH₂C(NNHCH₂CF₃)Ph and Ph₂P(O)CH₂C(NNHC₆F₅)Ph were made in 91 and 68% yield by heating the ketones Ph₂P(O)CH₂C(O)Ph with an ethanol solution of the corresponding hydrazines. The stereochemistry of the hydrazones was determined by multinuclear NMR experiments. Compounds with C(NNHR_F)Me groups exist as a mixture of Z and E isomers, with the Z form predominating (fluorinated group syn to phosphorus). Those with C(NNHR_F)CHMe₂, C(NNHR_F)Cy or C(NNHR_F)Ph groups were formed selectively, the Z isomers being the only products. The results are explained by steric hindrance, the bulkier isopropyl, cyclohexyl or phenyl group disfavouring the E configuration. , , , NMR data, coupling constants and IR data are reported.