树形聚醚的合成及其应用

树形聚合物高度支化,与线形结构的聚合物相比具有较低的粘度及良好的溶解性,而且其单分子尺寸通常在纳米尺度,在多方面具有广阔的应用前景。树形聚合物通常分为3种,即树枝状聚合物、超支化聚合物和树枝化聚合物。作为树形聚合物的主要一类,树形聚醚由于其良好的化学、物理稳定性,良好的水及有机溶剂的溶解性,以及生物相容性等诸多优点,其合成及应用研究得到了广泛重视。本文对不同种类树形聚醚的合成及其应用作一详尽的综述,包括树枝状聚醚、树枝化聚醚及超支化聚醚3种主要类型,同时报道了作者等在该领域的最新研究进展,并对该领域的研究进行了相应的展望。     

一锅法合成三硫代碳酸酯

以3-巯基丙酸、二硫化碳和氯代烃为原料,采用"一锅法"分别合成了两种可逆加成-断裂链转移试剂——3-苄硫基硫代羰基硫基丙酸和3-十二烷硫基硫代羰基硫基丙酸,收率分别为93%和87%。其结构经1HNMR,13C NMR,IR及元素分析表征。     

A novel hyperbranched aromatic polyamide containing bithiazole: Synthesis,metal complexation and magnetic properties

Based on the polycondensation of bifunctional 2,2′-diamino-4,4′-bithiazole(DABT) and trifunctional 1,3,5-benzenetricarbonyl trichloride (BTC),a novel hyperbranched aromatic polyamide PBD was synthesized with excellent solubility and good thermal stability.The structure of the polymer was confirmed by FT-IR and 1H NMR spectrum.The calculated degree of branching of our product was 52%.By exploring the influence of several different solvent systems,the yield of the polymer increased in the solvent system of DM...     

"一锅法"合成N-链烯基-(2R,3R)-O,O-二乙酰酒石酰亚胺

本文报导一种由(2R,3R)-二乙酰酒石酸酐合成N-ω-链烯基二乙酰酒石酰亚胺的简单有效的"一锅合成法", 并使总产率有大幅度的提高。     

一锅法合成3-溴丙基乙酸酯

以1,3-丙二醇、氢溴酸（48％）和冰醋酸为原料,在带水剂的作用下,一锅法合成了3-溴丙基乙酸酯．考察了带水剂及追加醋酸或醋酸酐量对产率的影响,并通过气质联用仪对粗产品进行分析测定,推断其反应机理．结果表明：较适宜的合成条件为1,3-丙二醇0．21mol,1,3-丙二醇与氢溴酸（48％）、冰醋酸摩尔比为1：1：1．3,在带水剂甲苯（21mL）的作用下,反应2．5h,反应结束前1h追加4．8mL醋酸酐,合成效果最好,产率可达到95．7％．     

Enhancement of a hyperbranched charring and foaming agent on flame retardancy of polyamide 6

A hyperbranched polyamine was prepared using an A₂ + B₃ approach. It acted as a hyperbranched charring and foaming agent (HCFA) in combination with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) to form a new intumescent flame retardant (IFR) system for polyamide 6 (PA6). Effect of HCFA on flame retardant and thermal degradation properties of IFR‐PA6 was investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL‐94 vertical burning, cone calorimeter, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) tests. The IFR system presented the most effective flame retardancy in PA6 when the weight ratio of APP to HCFA was 2:1. The LOI value of IFR‐PA6 could reach 36.5 with V‐0 rating when the IFR loading was 30 wt%. Even if the loading decreased to 25 wt%, IFR‐PA6 could still maintain V‐0 rating with an LOI value of 31. TGA curves indicated that APP would interact with both PA6 and HCFA in PA6/APP/HCFA composite under heating. The interaction between APP and HCFA improved the char formation ability of IFR system and then much more char was formed for PA6/APP/HCFA composite than for PA6/APP. Therefore, better flame retardancy was achieved. Moreover, the structure and morphology of char residue were studied by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that compact and foaming char layer containing P‐O‐C structure was formed for PA6/APP/HCFA system during combustion. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

One-pot,four-component synthesis of benzylpyrazolyl naphthoquinone derivatives and molecular docking studies

A highly efficient, green, one-pot, four-component approach for the synthesis of benzylpyrazolyl naphthoquinone derivatives (5a–p) have been developed by the domino reaction of 2-hydroxy naphthoquinone, aromatic aldehyde, ethyl acetoacetate, and phenyl hydrazine derivatives in water and employed p-toluene sulfonic acid (p-TSA) as the right choice of catalyst at reflux. Docking simulation was performed to position compounds 5a, 5b, and 5g into the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) structure active site to determine the probable binding model.     

以CO_2和环氧氯丙烷为底物一锅合成碳酸甘油酯

以环氧氯丙烷和CO2为底物,三乙胺作为溶剂和CO2活化试剂,一锅合成碳酸甘油酯.该方法反应条件温和,反应收率较高,所使用的底物环氧氯丙烷工业上可由甘油制得,因此该方法直接和间接地利用了CO2和甘油两个工业副产物,并为碳酸甘油酯的合成提供了一种高效实用的方法.     

Size-controlled chalcopyrite CuInS2 nanocrystals: One-pot synthesis and optical characterization

Chalcopyrite ternary CuInS2 semiconductor nanocrystals have been synthesized via a facile one-pot chemical approach by using oleylamine and oleic acid as solvents.The as-prepared CuInS2 nanocrystals have been characterized by instrumental analyses such as X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),transmission electron microscopy(TEM)/high-resolution TEM(HRTEM),energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS),UV-vis absorption spectroscopy(UV-vis) and photoluminescence(PL) spectroscopy.The particle sizes of the CuInS2 nanocrystals could be tuned from 2 to 10 nm by simply varying reaction conditions.Oleylamine,which acted as both a reductant and an effective capping agent,plays an important role in the size-controlled synthesis of CuInS2 nanocrystals.Based on a series of comparative experiments under different reaction conditions,the probable formation mechanism of CuInS2 nanocrystals has been proposed.Furthermore,the UV-vis absorption and PL emission spectra of the chalcopyrite CuInS2 nanocrystals have been found to be adjustable in the range of 527-815 nm and 625-800 nm,respectively,indicating their potential application in photovoltaic devices.     

一锅法合成1,4-二叔丁氧羰基亚精胺

以丁二胺和丙烯腈为原料,采用一锅法制得N1,N4-二叔丁氧羰基-N4-(2-氰乙基)-1,4-丁二胺(3);以甲基叔丁基醚为溶剂,3经LiAlH4还原合成了1,4-二叔丁氧羰基亚精胺,其结构经1H NMR和MS确证。     

新型含吡唑基3,4-二氢嘧啶类化合物的一锅合成研究

以FeCl3•6H2O为催化剂,无水乙醇为溶剂,按取代-4-甲酰基吡唑：乙酰乙酸乙酯：（硫）脲：FeCl3•6H2O =1：3：3：1的比例,采取微波辐射和常规加热回流的方法通过Biginelli缩合反应一锅合成了6种新型含吡唑基的3,4-二氢嘧啶类化合物,并进行了元素分析、IR、1H-NMR和13C-NMR表征。     

One-pot synthesis of polyfunctionalized α,β-unsaturated nitriles from nitroalkanes

The reaction of nitroalkanes with 2-chloro-3-phenylsulfonylpropanenitrile, in the presence of three equivalents of DBU at −10°C, allows the synthesis of polyfunctionalized α,β-unsaturated nitriles. The method proceeds through three different reactions carried out in a tandem sequence, allowing the one-pot formation of the α,β-unsaturated nitriles, generally, with complete E stereochemistry.     

一锅法合成反-β-正烷氧羰基丙烯酸-6-L-抗坏血酸酯及其性能研究

在N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)中,反-β-正烷氧羰基丙烯酸(1a-1h,a-h分别对应于C1-C8正烷氧羰基)与SOCl2在0℃下反应,生成的酰氯不经分离,采用一锅法,直接与L-抗坏血酸反应得到反-β-正烷氧羰基丙烯酸-6-L-抗坏血酸酯(2a-2h)。2a-2h的结构经1H NMR、13C NMR、MS和IR确证。用分光光度法测试了2f清除二苯代苦味肼基自由基(DPPH·)的活性,用孔穴扩散法测试了2a-2h的抗菌活性。结果表明,受试物摩尔浓度相等时,在较高浓度范围内,2f对DPPH·的清除率略高于L-抗坏血酸和叔丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ);在给药量2 mg·mL-1时,2a-2h对金黄葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌圈直径在5.00-6.25mm之间,对细黄链霉菌的抑菌圈直径在15.50-17.25 mm之间。     

One-pot, three-component synthesis of secondary amines and trisubstituted hydrazines from ketones

Various imines and hydrazones were reduced to the corresponding amines and hydrazines using borane-tetrahydrofuran complex as a reducing agent in the solution of lithium perchlorate in diethyl ether. The initial imines or hydrazones have been prepared at the same conditions just before the reduction step. Both steps were carried out in one vessel with a good yield and insignificant formation of by-products.     

高度支化状二茂铁基聚合物研究进展*

高度支化状二茂铁基聚合物具有丰富的拓扑结构形态和独特的电、磁、催化和氧化还原性能,而且这类材料具有独特的流动性能、低的粘度和进一步的可反应性,从而使得它们展现出良好的应用前景,开发二茂铁基功能高分子材料正日益受到重视.本文介绍高度支化状二茂铁基聚合物的合成、结构、性能以及应用的研究进展.     

One-pot synthesis of oxoisoindoline-1,2,3-triazole hybrid by a Ugi–click reaction

1,2,3-Triazole-3-oxoisoindoline-1-carboxamide system was successfully synthesized by using a combination of Ugi and click reactions. This two-step, one-pot synthesis was started by the reaction of 2-formyl benzoic acid, propargyl amine, and cyclohexyl isocyanide in ethanol. The resultant Ugi adduct underwent a copper-catalyzed click reaction, producing the desired products in good yields.     

一锅法合成2-硫脲嘧啶

采用一锅法合成了2-硫脲嘧啶,最佳反应条件为:硫脲33 mmol,n(乙酸乙酯)∶n(甲酸乙酯)∶n(甲醇钠)∶n(硫脲)=2.5∶2.0∶1.5∶1.0;乙酸乙酯与甲醇钠在甲苯(35 mL)中于80℃反应3 h;冷却后滴加甲酸乙酯,于25℃充分搅拌8 h后加入硫脲的乙醇(10 mL)溶液,回流反应3 h,收率54.7%。     

An efficient route for the synthesis of hyperbranched polymers and dendritic building blocks based on urea linkages

A highly efficient synthetic route, based on the quantitative reaction between amine and isocyanate functionalities, was used successfully for the synthesis of hyperbranched polymers and dendritic building blocks based on urea linkages. The thermal decomposition of 3,5‐diamino benzoyl azide or 5‐amino isophthaloyl azide generated in situ the corresponding phenyl isocyanates, which were then polymerized to give wholly aromatic hyperbranched polyureas. Hyperbranched polyurea with amine chain ends was soluble in common organic solvents. The degree of branching, as calculated with ¹H NMR, was 0.55. Diethyl 5‐amino isophthalate and Boc‐protected 5‐amino isophthaloyl azide were used for the successful stepwise synthesis of dendritic wedges based on urea linkages. The thermal generation of the isocyanate functionality with gaseous nitrogen as the side product and its quantitative reaction with amine groups were the salient features of this convergent synthesis. This eliminated the use of chromatographic purification, an inherent part of other convergent growth approaches, and made it a very efficient synthetic route for the synthesis of dendritic wedges. The products were characterized by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and electron spray mass spectroscopy (ESMS) techniques. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 39: 1295–1304, 2001     

超支化聚芳酰胺的合成

由3,5-二硝基苯甲酰氯和邻氨基苯甲酸合成了AB2型单体2-(3,5-二氨基苯甲酰氨基)苯甲酸。该单体进行自缩聚反应,合成了新型超支化聚酰胺(a),将其与酰氯反应,得到了7种封端的超支化聚合物(b~h)。用FT-IR1、H NMR、GPC、DSC测试技术对超支化聚合物进行了表征。封端改性后,聚酰胺的溶解性均得到了提高,聚合物的重均分子量(Mw)为3.36~3.96 kg/mol,特性粘度(ηinh)为0.061~0.078 dL/g,聚合物玻璃化转变温度(Tg)为56~185℃,随封端剂脂肪链增长而降低,随封端剂极性增加而升高。     

"一锅法"合成N-乙基咔唑乙酰化衍生物

以N-乙基咔唑为原料,通过“一锅法”合成了未见文献报道的单乙酰化衍生物3-乙酰基-9-乙基咔唑和双乙酰化衍生物3,6-二乙酰基-9-乙基咔唑,其结构经1H NMR,IR,MS和元素分析表征。