A novel synthetic method for α-methylene-γ-butyrolactones

A novel synthetic method for α-methylene-γ-butyrolactones involving a thioallylic rearrangement as a key step was developed.     

A novel synthetic method for preparation of some folates

An improved method was developed for preparation of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid (THF) and calcium-5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF-Ca) by reduction of folic acid using KBH₄ catalyzed by Pb(NO₃)₂. The yields of THF and 5-MTHF-Ca were 56.5 and 42.7 %, respectively. A convenient method for measurement of THF and 5-MTHF-Ca using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) was also established, enabling analysis of those folates within 10 min without application of gradient elution.     

Paxdaphnidines A and B, novel penta- and tetracyclic alkaloids from Daphniphyllum paxianum

Two novel alkaloids, paxdaphnidine A (1) with a unique pentacyclic skeleton and paxdaphnidine B (2) with an uncommon tetracyclic skeleton, were isolated from the stems and leaves of Daphniphyllum paxianum. Their structures were established by spectral methods, especially two-dimensional NMR techniques ((1)H-(1)H COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY).     

A novel synthetic approach to N-unsubstituted β-lactams

A convenient simple route to N-unsubstituted β-lactams is described. Formation of unusual N-styryl-β-lactams is the key of the method.     

A novel synthetic approach to angularly fused tricyclopentanoids

Cationic transannular cyclisation of the type 8-5→5-5-5 provides a short, convenient access route to spiro-fused tricyclo (6.3.0.0^1,5) undecane system.     

A novel synthetic pathway to vitisin B compounds

The hemi-synthesis of vitisin B compounds is described herein for the first time through a new, simple and suitable reaction of malvidin-3-glucoside and malvidin-3-O-coumaroylglucoside with vinyloxy-trimethylsilane. The obtained compounds were identified by LC/DAD-MS and fully characterized by NMR analysis for the first time.     

α-羟醛的新合成方法研究

报道了一种制备α-羟醛的未见文献报道的合成方法, 以乙二胺和α-羟基羧酸为原料, 经咪唑啉中间体, 得到α-羟醛。讨论了反应条件、取代基对咪唑啉中间体还原水解反应产率的影响。     

A novel approach to the Taxol A-ring synthetic equivalents

A novel short approach to the A-ring synthetic equivalents of Taxol was described. Oxabicyclic ketone 3 served as a versatile template for selective functionalization leading to oxabicyclic vinylic ether 6 in two steps, which was hydrolyzed under mild acidic conditions to afford the hydroxy aldehyde derivative 7. Synthetic equivalents 2 of Taxol A-ring were thus, accessible from hydroxy aldehyde 7.     

A novel synthetic route to 2-halo-3,4-dicyanopyridines

2-Bromo-3,4-dicyanopyridine 2 was obtained in moderate yield by reacting 1,1,2,2-tetracyano-3-trimethylsiloxycyclobutane 1 with phosphorus tribromide. Similarly, reaction of 1 with chlorinating reagents such as thionyl chloride and oxalyl chloride led to the corresponding 2-chloro-3,4-dicyanopyridine 3 in 40% yield. A reaction mechanism is suggested.     

A novel efficient synthetic method for 2,2＇,3,3＇-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride

A novel approach to the synthesis of 2,2',3,3'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride is described. The target compound was prepared by a nickel-catalyzed coupling reaction of dimethy 3-chlorophthalate (3-DMCP) for 4 h at 70-80℃, followed by subsequent hydrolysis of tetra-ester in acid solution and dehydration of tetra-acid, with overall yield of 68%. The structures of the products were characterized by IR, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR respectively.     

A novel efficient synthetic method for 2,2',3,3'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride

A novel approach to the synthesis of 2,2',3,3'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride is described. The target compound was prepared by a nickel-catalyzed coupling reaction of dimethy 3-chlorophthalate (3-DMCP) for 4 h at 70-80 C, followed by subsequent hydrolysis of tetra-ester in acid solution and dehydration of tetra-acid, with overall yield of 68%. The structures of the products were characterized by IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR respectively.     

A novel and practical synthetic method of 3(2H)-furanone derivatives

A novel, convenient synthetic method of 5-atyl-2,2-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanones (aryl = C₆H₅, 2-CH₃C₆H₄, 3-CH₃C₆H₄, 4-CH₃C₆H₄, 2-CIC₆H₄, 4-CIC₆H₄, 2,4-Cl₂C₆H₃) is described. It involves the Claisen-Schmidt condensation (potassium hydroxide/ethanol) of aromatic aldehydes with 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-butanone to give enones, whose bromination followed by alkaline hydrolysis (sodium hydroxide/ethanol) affords 3(2H)-furanone derivatives in 54–64% overall yields. The procedure is also applicable to nicotinaldehyde and furfural, although the yields are not satisfactory.     

A novel synthetic route to 7-MAC from 7-ACA

An efficient and practical seven-step procedure is described for the synthesis of (6R,7S)-benzhydryl-7-amino-7-methoxy-3-((1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-ylthio)methyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-aza-bicyclo [4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate (7-MAC, 3) with overall yield of 49 %. This synthesis features a convenient and highly selective method for the introduction of 7α-methoxy group to cephalosporin nucleus in 10 using MeOLi/t-BuOCl in THF.     

A novel method for the determination of synthetic colors in ice cream samples

A simple method has been developed for the extraction, separation, and determination of synthetic colors in ice cream samples. The process involves the breakdown of emulsion by neutral detergents (Triton X-100 and Tween 20) followed by extraction with petroleum ether for removal of fat. The aqueous colored solution obtained is treated with 5% acetic acid, and the uptake of color is carried out by a wool-dyeing technique. The color is eluted from the wool with 5% ammonia solution, the solution is evaporated to dryness, and the residue is dissolved in 60% ethanol for paper chromatography using trisodium citrate-ammonia-water (2 + 5 + 95, w/v/v) as the mobile phase. The colored spots from the paper chromatogram are cut and eluted with 60% ethanol, and the absorbance is measured at the respective lambda maximum corresponding to the Rf value of the appropriate standard. The recoveries of 6 colors, including sunset yellow FCF (SSYFCF), tartrazine, carmoisine, ponceau 4R, brilliant blue FCF (BBFCF), and fast green FCF from spiked samples with either detergent were found to be >90%. However, recoveries of erythrosine were 21 and 65% with Triton X-100 and Tween 20, respectively. Indigo carmine could not be recovered at all because of its fugitive property in 5% ammonia solution, which is used to strip the color from the wool. The sensitivity of the method with the use of Tween 20 is 1 ppm (1 microg/g) for the colors in spiked ice cream samples. With this method, we analyzed samples of 20 branded colored ice cream. The results showed the presence of tartrazine (8.4-43.3 ppm), SSYFCF (23.5-117.6 ppm), carmoisine (traces-53.2 ppm), erythrosine (3.5 ppm), and BBFCF (4.1 ppm) in the ice cream samples. Apart from 2 samples of tuttifruity, all of the ice cream samples showed the presence of permitted synthetic colors below the permissible level of 100 ppm established by the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act of India.     

A novel and concise synthetic access to chiral 2-substituted-4-piperidone

A novel and concise synthetic access to enantiopure chiral 2-aryl/alkyl substituted 4-piperidone has been demonstrated.This new route features two key steps:the highly diastereoselective conjugate addition of homochiral lithium amides to trans-β-substituted-α,β-unsaturated methyl esters guaranteed the enantiopurity at 2 position(de19:1)and the intramolecular attacking of carbanions to methyl esters led to the formation of the piperidone ring.A wide range of substrates,including chiral2-aryl and 2-alkyl-4-piperidones,were successfully synthesized with modest to high yield.Moreover,some non-chiral3-substituted-4-piperidones were also synthesized with enhanced ring-formation yield,implicating the versatility of this method in construction of various piperidine rings.     

A novel synthetic route to fused propenochlorin and benzochlorin photodynamic therapy probes

Reaction of meso-(2-formylvinyl)octaethylporphyrin with (CH3)3SiCN-Cu(OTf)2 produced unexpected 10(3)-trimethylsiloxyl and 10(3)-hydroxyl fused propenochlorins which, in H2SO4, underwent subsequent migration of the 8-ethyl group to the 10(3)-position of the exocyclic benzene ring to form a novel benzochlorin.     

A novel synthetic route to substituted pyranoanthocyanins with unique colour properties

Anthocyanins, isolated from natural sources by countercurrent chromatography, were reacted with cinnamic acids bearing at least one electron-donating substituent at the para-position. The resulting pyranoanthocyanins obtained by this simple one-step reaction were much less susceptible to pH shifts and retained their original colour over a wide pH-range. Through reaction with p-dimethylamino cinnamic acid, synthetic malvidin- and cyanidin-based anthocyanins with a unique violet hue were prepared.