不同材料滤嘴对卷烟主流烟气中挥发性羰基化合物截滤性能的研究

吸烟是引起肺癌及相关疾病的主要原因[1]。挥发性羰基化合物(如甲醛、乙醛、丙醛、丙酮、丙烯醛、巴豆醛、丁酮和丁醛)是卷烟主流烟气中含量较高的一类有害成分,含量从几十到几百微克不等[2-3]。这些挥发性羰基化合物特别是甲醛、丙烯醛及巴豆醛具有纤毛毒性,与氰化氢和氨一起,     

卷烟滤嘴上菌核净农药的残留分析

建立了卷烟滤嘴中菌核净农药气相色谱-电子捕获检测器检测方法.并对前处理条件的优化进行了探讨.样品用苯提取,DB-1701弹性石英毛细管柱分离,GC-ECD检测.实验表明:方法的检出限为0.018 mg/kg,回收率在81.5%～93.7%之间,相对标准偏差为5.4%～9.7%.方法已用于环境样品中菌核净的测定.     

活性炭复合滤嘴吸附性能的热脱附研究

采用热脱附与气相色谱-质谱联用技术对活性炭滤嘴中活性炭和乙酸纤维脱附的组分进行了定性分析,并用峰面积归一化法测定了所含挥发性成分的质量分数,活性炭脱附组分共鉴定出芳香族化合物、醛酮类、烟碱、酸类、酯类等62种挥发性化合物.结果表明方法具有较好的重现性;为评价活性炭滤嘴的吸附性能提供了一种参考方法.     

粘胶纤维的研制和新技术

本文概述了国内外粘胶纤维的研制、新产品、新工艺匆存在的间题,对超微细粘胶纤维的性能、用途和经济效益作了介绍。新溶剂NMMO纤维素纤维的研究和开发比粘胶纤维工艺大为简化,解决了环境污染的难题,提高了纤维物理性能,实现了粘胶法的根本性改革。     

一种新型低毒安全香烟添加剂的研究

一种新型低毒安全香烟添加剂的研究崔学文（四川三峡学院化工系万县６３４０００）关键词低毒安全香烟,香烟添加剂流行病学、动物实验、人体病理解剖研究结果表明,吸烟与许多疾病的发生呈正相关关系,与吸烟有关的主要疾病有：肺癌,支气管炎,肺气肿,口腔癌,膀胱癌,...     

超声提取-气相色谱-质谱法测定薄荷型卷烟烟丝及滤嘴中薄荷醇的含量

将2支剪碎的滤嘴(或1.000g卷烟烟丝)放入100mL锥形瓶中,加入40mL甲醇和80μL 50g·L~(-1)苯甲酸正丙酯内标溶液,80%超声功率条件下提取30min。取上清液,经0.45μm滤膜过滤后,以HP-INNOWAX色谱柱(30m×0.25mm,0.25μm)为固定相,采用气相色谱-质谱法测定其中薄荷醇的含量。质谱分析中采用电子轰击离子源,全扫描和选择离子监测模式。薄荷醇的质量浓度在10.0～400mg·L~(-1)内与对应的峰面积和内标峰面积的比值呈线性关系,检出限(3s)为0.17mg·L~(-1)。对卷烟烟丝和滤嘴样品分别进行组内、组间精密度试验,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)均小于5.0%。按标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率在94.0%～101%之间。     

气相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定卷烟滤嘴中15种多环芳烃

建立了气相色谱-串联质谱同时检测卷烟滤嘴中15种多环芳烃的方法。卷烟滤嘴用二氯甲烷振荡萃取后,经0.22μm有机相滤膜过滤,采用DB-5MS色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm,0.25μm)进行分离,电子轰击源、正离子模式下以多反应监测模式进行检测,内标法进行定量。15种多环芳烃(苊烯、苊、芴、菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘、苯并[a]蒽、屈、苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽、苯并[a]芘、二苯并[a,h]蒽、苯并[g,h,i]苝和茚并[1,2,3-c,d]芘)的线性关系良好,相关系数(R~2)为0.991 4~0.999 9。15种多环芳烃在低、中、高3个添加水平下的平均回收率为81.6%~111.2%;除了芴在低添加水平时相对标准偏差为19.2%外,其他相对标准偏差均小于16%。15种多环芳烃的检出限为0.02~0.24 ng/滤嘴,定量限为0.04~0.80 ng/滤嘴。方法前处理简便,具有快速、准确、灵敏度高及重复性好的优点,适用于卷烟滤嘴中多环芳烃的分析。     

固相萃取毛细管气相色谱法测定卷烟滤嘴中7种挥发性羰基化合物

建立了SPE-GC测定卷烟滤嘴中7种挥发性羰基化合物,采用2,4-二硝基苯肼酸性溶液捕集滤嘴中挥发性羰基化合物,捕集液经Waters C18固相萃取小柱纯化和富集,用GC检测.7种羰基化合物检出限分别为0.02、 0.07、 0.04、 0.03、 0.03、 0.02、 0.03 μg/mL;回收率范围在92.0%～99.5%之间;相对标准偏差均小于5%.方法应用于国内5种烤烟型卷烟滤嘴的分析,得到理想结果.     

固相萃取-气相色谱／质谱同时测定卷烟滤嘴中的四种芳香胺

采用固相萃取-气相色谱/质谱(SPE-GC/MS)法同时测定了卷烟抽吸后滤嘴中截留的1-氨基萘、2-氨基萘、3-氨基联苯和4-氨基联苯四种芳香胺.该法采用5%的盐酸超声振荡提取滤嘴中的芳香胺,提取液经液液萃取后进行衍生化和固相萃取,浓缩后进行GC/MS分析.1-氨基萘、2-氨基萘、3-氨基联苯和4-氨基联苯的检出限分别为0.51、0.42、0.18、0.18 ng/mL,相对标准偏差在0.94%～3.02%之间,回收率在92.67%～97.20%之间.该方法用于卷烟滤嘴中四种芳香胺的测定,结果发现不同材料的滤嘴对四种芳香胺有不同的截留作用.     

醋酸铈及醋酸稀土的研制工艺

研究了醋酸铈及醋酸稀土的研制工艺. 分析了醋酸浓度、反应温度、醋酸与碳酸铈固液比、保温时间对碳酸铈溶解收率的影响. 确定了碳酸铈的最佳溶解工艺条件. 在此条件下研制了晶型醋酸铈, 混合醋酸稀土(La, Ce, Pr, Nd)(Ac)3, (Ce, Pr, Nd)(Ac)3,(Pr, Nd, Er, Y)(Ac)3及醋酸钇. 用扫描电镜、热重-差热分析、 X射线粉末衍射分析及化学分析等方法考察了上述晶体的形貌、结构和组成.     

热裂解气相色谱-质谱研究阻燃纤维的结构及烟雾毒性

随着高分子材料的不断开发,涌现出一大批用于阻燃和热辐射防护的耐高温纤维,如Basofil、Kermel、visil、Nomex、P84、PBI和PBO等纤维,除了在衣着领域的应用外,在消防服、工业用阻燃防护服以及汽车等的内装饰物和家用防火材料等方面,具有更优异的防护功能和穿着舒适性。在实践中,人们发现有的阻燃纤维织物,虽然有阻燃效果,但在燃烧时烟雾很大,在火灾中有相当一部分人不是被烧死而是窒息死亡;有的阻燃织物燃烧时烟雾密度很低,但含有极毒化合物如HCN,因此研究阻燃纤维的烟雾成分从而研究其毒性具有重要的意义。     

Modelling of the Biological Activity for a Set of Ceramic Fibre Materials: A QSAR Study

Abstract

The objective was to develop quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) for a set of nine ceramic raw materials. The samples were characterized by a chemical analysis (both X-ray fluorescence and neutron activation analysis) and the morphology was determined by electron microscopy in combination with automated image analysis. Further, the fibre samples were subjected to two biological activity assays, measuring cytotoxicity and hydroxyl radical production. To investigate the produced data structures, principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) were applied together with rigorous validation techniques. Significant QSARs were found for both biological activity assays. The morphology of the fibres plays an important role for the cytotoxicity and their trace element background is related to the hydroxyl radical production.     

Differential Solubility of Poly(ethylene-terephthalate) Fibre vs. Temperature 2. Calorimetric Study of the Non-dissolved Fractions

The differential solubility of two poly(ethyleneterphthalate) (PET) fibres was determined in one thermally treated substrate and in another thermally untreated. In both cases, mixtures of phenol/tetrachloroethane with the appropriate composition were used. The non-dissolved fractions of the untreated PET fibre display a molecular mass and a crystallinity which increase on increase of the temperature of the differential solubility test. In the case of the thermally treated substrate, both the molecular mass and the crystallinity of the residual fraction remain constant on increase of the test temperature. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

罗丹宁纤维富集金的性能研究——地质样品中金的快速测定

本文介绍首次合成的罗丹宁纤维用于金分析的性能研究情况。结果表明:罗丹宁纤维结构稳定,可在很强的王水溶液中直接富集金。饱和吸附量高达465mg/g。过柱速度可达50mL/min。具有很高的分析效率,而且有良好的选择性,可允许大量其他元素共存。富集的金用硫脲水溶液洗脱,洗脱条件简单。     

The effect of barley husk arabinoxylan adsorption on the properties of cellulose fibres

This study investigates the adsorption of (glucurono)arabinoxylan (GAX) on cellulose fibres and the properties thereof. A water-soluble GAX, from barley husks (Hordeum vulgare), was isolated using chlorite delignification and alkaline extraction followed by enzymatic purification. The isolated GAX fraction showed an arabinose to xylose ratio of 0.22 and a weight average molar mass of 20,200 g/mol, as determined by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) in DMSO:H₂O. The GAX was adsorbed on cellulose fibres under well controlled conditions, where temperature and initial concentration of GAX proved to be important parameters in controlling the level of adsorption. The adsorption process was also dependent on xylan molecular structure. Carbohydrate analysis on the modified fibres showed a preferential adsorption of low substituted xylans (arabinose to xylose ratio of ∼0.10). During the adsorption process the GAX solution was analyzed using SEC-RI-MALLS in aqueous solvent, which demonstrated a molecular xylan adsorption on cellulose fibres. Additionally, a decrease in light scattering responses, which corresponds to an adsorption of aggregated xylan and/or xylan with a great tendency towards self-association, could be observed during the adsorption process. This was demonstrated by adsorption of GAX on regenerated cellulose fibres (Lyocell), which compared to native fibres possesses a relatively smooth fibre surface. Atomic force microscopy analysis visualised a heterogeneous decoration of the Lyocell fibres with xylan agglomerates. The effect of GAX adsorption on paper strength was also investigated. A GAX modified kraft pulp showed an evident increase in tensile strength, which might be due to a retained fibre–fibre bonding ability for xylan coated fibrils after drying and rewetting.     

The Non-Parametric Kinetics A New Method for the Kinetic Study of Thermoanalytical Data

The application of the new method non-parametric kinetics for kinetic analysis is discussed. It is shown that this method is able to obtain all the kinetic information needed to reproduce accurately the experimental data. To validate this method a set of numerical simulations of the most commonly used kinetic models has been performed and analysed with the method. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

高载酶量酶/酶免疫电极的制备及其电化学机理研究

本文利用扫描电镜和电化学方法确定了最佳镀铂电位,并进一步研究了酶电极和酶免疫电极在基体电极镀铂和未镀铂条件下的米氏常数、电化学反应速率常数和反应速度控制步骤。比较分析了生物电极的最佳实验条件。     

A New Model for Correlating the Solubility of Solids in SupercriticalCo_2 and Study on Some Systems (I): The New Model

Manyresearchershavesuggestedthatthereexistsolvent-soluteclustersinsupercriticalfluid(SCF)-solutesystems.'-'TocorrelatethephaseequilibriaofSCF-solidbinarysystems,weproposeamodelwhichisbasedonthefoIlowingfactsandassumptions.l.TheSCFphaseconsistsofsolventmolecules,freesolutemolecuIes,andthesolvent-soluteclusterswithonesolutemoleculeandanumberofthesolventmolecules.2.Thenumberofthesolventmoleculesineachclusterisassumedtobeindependentofpressure.ThisassumptionisthesameasthatusedbyChrastillinhism…