A fast and efficient two-grid method for solving d-dimensional poisson equations

The aim of this paper is to introduce a fast and efficient new two-grid method to solve the d-dimensional (d=1,2,3) Poisson elliptic equations. The finite difference equations at all interior grid points form a large sparse linear system, which needs to be solved efficiently. The solution cost of this sparse linear system usually dominates the total cost of solving the discretized partial differential equation. The finite difference equations are based on applying a finite difference scheme of two- and four-orders (compact finite difference method) for discretizing the spatial derivative. The obtained linear systems of Poisson elliptic equations have been solved by a new two-grid (NTG) method and we also note that the NTG method which is used for solving the large sparse linear systems is faster and more effective than that of the standard two-grid method. We utilize the local Fourier analysis to show that the spectral radius of the new two-grid method for 1D and 2D models is less than that of the standard two-grid method. As well as, we expand the corresponding algorithm to the new multi-grid method. The numerical examples show the efficiency of the new algorithms for solving the d-dimensional Poisson equations.     

Modal stabilization of a certain class of uniformly controllable systems

The system $\dot x = A( \cdot )x + b( \cdot )u,$ where A(·) ∈ ? ^n×n and b(·) ∈ ? ^n×1, is considered. The elements of the matrix A(·) and the column b(·) are bounded by nonanticipating functionals of an arbitrary nature that satisfy the condition $\mathop {\inf }\limits_{( \cdot )} A^{n - 1} ( \cdot )b( \cdot ),...,A( \cdot )b( \cdot ),b( \cdot )| > 0$ . From a given constant spectrum contained in the left half-plane, a feedback u = (s(·), x) is constructed, the coefficients of which are expressed in terms of A(·) and b(·). Conditions for the closed system to be globally exponentially stable are found. A similar result is obtained for the system $x(k + 1) = A(k)x(k) + b(k)u(k)$ .     

Banach空间中一类扰动优化问题最优解的特征与存在性

设(X,‖·‖)是Banach空间,x∈X,Z是X的非空子集,J是Z→R的下半连续下有界函数．本文研究扰动优化问题min_(z∈Z)(J(z)+‖x-z‖)(记作(J,x)-inf)的最优解的特征和最优解的存在性等问题．我们引入J－太阳集的概念,同时在Z是J-太阳集的情形下,给出了扰动优化问题(J,x)-inf的最优解的“Kolmogorov”型特征刻画．并借助于集合的若干紧性概念和最优值函数的方向导数研究了扰动优化问题(J,x)-inf的最优解的存在性．     

Long-Time Stabilization of Solutions to the Ginzburg–Landau Equations of Superconductivity

 The long-time dynamical properties of solutions (φ,A) to the time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau (TDGL) equations of superconductivity are investigated. The applied magnetic field varies with time, but it is assumed to approach a long-time asymptotic limit. Sufficient conditions (in terms of the time rate of change of the applied magnetic field) are given which guarantee that the dynamical process defined by the TDGL equations is asymptotically autonomous, i.e., it approaches a dynamical system as time goes to infinity. Analyticity of an energy functional is used to show that every solution of the TDGL equations asymptotically approaches a (single) stationary solution of the (time-independent) Ginzburg–Landau equations. The standard “φ = − ∇ · A” gauge is chosen. (Received 30 June 2000; in revised form 30 December 2000)     

Long-Time Stabilization of Solutions to the Ginzburg–Landau Equations of Superconductivity

 The long-time dynamical properties of solutions (φ,A) to the time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau (TDGL) equations of superconductivity are investigated. The applied magnetic field varies with time, but it is assumed to approach a long-time asymptotic limit. Sufficient conditions (in terms of the time rate of change of the applied magnetic field) are given which guarantee that the dynamical process defined by the TDGL equations is asymptotically autonomous, i.e., it approaches a dynamical system as time goes to infinity. Analyticity of an energy functional is used to show that every solution of the TDGL equations asymptotically approaches a (single) stationary solution of the (time-independent) Ginzburg–Landau equations. The standard “φ = − ∇ · A” gauge is chosen.     

Global existence of classical solutions to the Vlasov–Poisson–Boltzmann system with given magnetic field

This paper considers the Vlasov–Poisson–Boltzmann system with given magnetic field. The global existence of classical solutions was obtained when the initial data is a small perturbation around a global Maxwellian. The proof is based on the theory of compressible Navier–Stokes–Poisson equations with forcing and the macro–microdecomposition of the solution to the Boltzmann equation with respect to the local Maxwellian introduced in [T.-P. Liu, T. Yang, S.-H. Yu, Energy method for the Boltzmann equation, Physica D 188 (3–4) (2004) 178–192] and elaborated in [T. Yang, H.-J. Zhao, A new energy method for the Boltzmann equation, J. Math. Phys. 47 (2006)]. The result shows that the existence of solutions is independent of the magnetic field.     

Asymptotic error estimates of a linearized projection-difference method for a differential equation with a monotone operator

We study a projection-difference method of solving the Cauchy problem for an operatordifferential equation with a selfadjoint leading operator A(t) and a nonlinear monotone subordinate operator K(·) in a Hilbert space. This method leads to a solution of a system of linear algebraic equations at each time level. Error estimates are derived for approximate solutions as well as for fractional powers of the operator A(t). The method is applied to a model parabolic problem.     

Stability of Stochastic Delay Differential Equation with a Small Parameter

Abstract

Stochastic delay differential equations with wideband noise perturbations is considered. First it is shown that the perturbed system converges weakly to a stochastic delay differential equation driven by a Brownian motion. Stability and asymptotic properties of stochastic delay differential equations with a small parameter are developed. It is shown that the properties such as stability, recurrence, etc., of the limit system with time lag is preserved for the solution x ^?(·) of the underlying delay equation for ? > 0 small enough. Perturbed Liapunov function method is used in the analysis.     

对一个非线性分数阶微分方程组爆破解的研究

The paper focuses on the blow-up solution of system of time-fractional differential equations
where ^cD₀₊^α, ^cD₀₊^β are Caputo fractional derivatives, n-1 < α < n, n-1 < β < n,A(t),B(t) are continuous functions. We obtain a system of the integral equations which is equivalent to the system of nonlinear partial differential equations with time-fractional derivative via the approach of Laplace transformation, and prove the local existence of solutions to the system of the integral equations. Secondly, this paper investigates the blow-up solutions to the a nonlinear system of fractional differential equations by making use of Hölder’s inequality and obtains a solution of system to blow up in a finite time, and gives an upper bound on the blow-up time.     

Equilibrium State of Inhomogeneous Plasma

We consider the problem of a self-consistent determination of an essentially inhomogeneous equilibrium state of classical plasma. The solutions of the stationary Vlasov–Poisson equations are constructed in the form of a localized transition layer that separates the domains of homogeneous plasmas with different equilibrium parameters. The layer can also transform into a local perturbation inside a homogeneous plasma. In both cases, the solution contains neither mass currents nor electric currents, and all electrodynamic and hydrodynamic quantities and their derivatives are continuous. The parameters of the adjacent domains uniquely determine the transition layer structure.     

Fast solution of elliptic control problems

Elliptic control problems with a quadratic cost functional require the solution of a system of two elliptic boundary-value problems. We propose a fast iterative process for the numerical solution of this problem. The method can be applied to very special problems (for example, Poisson equation for a rectangle) as well as to general equations (arbitrary dimensions, general region). Also, nonlinear problems can be treated. The work required is proportional to the work taken by the numerical solution of a single elliptic equation.     

Dynamical system solutions for homogeneous linear functional equations of higher order

We present the solution of a large class of homogeneous linear functional equations of higher order by using ideas from dynamical systems. A particularly simple example from this class is the functional equation $$f(x) = \frac{1}{2}f \left(\frac{x}{2}\right) + \frac{1}{2}f \left(\frac{x+1}{2}\right), \quad 0 < x < 1.$$ Equations such as these have found important applications in wavelet theory by Hilberdink (Aequa Math 61(1–2):179–189, 2001) where they are called dilation equations and are usually solved by Fourier methods by Daubechies (Comm Pure Appl Math 41(7):909–996, 1988) or iteration methods of Daubechies (SIAM J Math Anal 22(5):1388–1410, 1991). A recent result of Góra (Ergod Theory Dyn Syst 29(5):1549–1583, 2009) allows us to represent the solution as an infinite series that is determined by the dynamics of a map that is defined by the functional equation. In this problem the interplay between dynamical systems and solutions of functional equations is brought into sharp focus.     

On the Relative Waiting Times in the GI/M/s and the GI/M/1 Queueing Systems

The expected steady-state waiting time, Wq(s), in a GI/M/s system with interarrival-time distribution H(·) is compared with the mean waiting time, Wq, in an "equivalent" system comprised of s separate GI/M/1 queues each fed by an interarrival-time distribution G(·) with mean arrival rate equal to 1/s times that of H(·). For H(·) assumed to be Exponential, Gamma or Deterministic three possible relationships between H(·) and G(·) are considered: G(·) can be of the "same type" as H(·); G(·) can be derived from H(·) by assigning new arrivals to the individual channels in a cyclic order; and G(·) may be obtained from H(·) by assigning customers probabilistically to the different queues. The limiting behaviour of the ratio R = Wq/Wq(s) is studied for the extreme values (1 and 0) of the common traffic intensity, ρ. Closed form results, which depend on the forms of H(·) and G(·) and on the relationships between them, are derived. It is shown that Wq is greater than Wq(s) by a factor of at least (s + 1)/2 when ρ approaches one, and that R is at least s(s!) when ρ tends to zero. In the latter case, however, R goes to infinity (!) in most cases treated. The results may be used to evaluate the effect on the waiting times when, for certain (non-queueing) reasons, it is needed to partition a group of s servers into several small groups.     

Numerical studies of slow viscous rotating fluid past a sphere

Navier-Stokes equations for steady, viscous rotating fluid, rotating about the zaxis with angular velocity ω are linearized using Stokes approximation. The linearized Navier-Stokes equations governing the axisymmetric flow can be written as three coupled partial differential equations for the stream function, vorticity and rotational velocity component. Only one parameterR _eω =2ωa ²/v enters the resulting equations. Even the linearized equations are difficult to solve analytically and the method of matched asymptotic expansions is to be applied. Central differences are applied to the two-dimensional partial differential equations and are solved by the Peaceman-Rachford ADI method. The resulting algebraic equations are solved by successive over relaxation method. Streamlines are plotted for Ψ=0·01, 0·05, and 0·25 andR _eω =0·1, 0·3, 0·5.     

Large time behavior for the non‐isentropic Navier–Stokes–Maxwell system

In this paper, we are concerned with the system of the non‐isentropic compressible Navier–Stokes equations coupled with the Maxwell equations through the Lorentz force in three space dimensions. The global existence of solutions near constant steady states is established, and the time‐decay rates of perturbed solutions are obtained. The proof for existence is due to the classical energy method, and the investigation of large‐time behavior is based on the linearized analysis of the non‐isentropic Navier–Stokes–Poisson equations and the electromagnetic part for the linearized isentropic Navier–Stokes–Maxwell equations. In the meantime, the time‐decay rates obtained by Zhang, Li, and Zhu [J. Differential Equations, 250(2011), 866‐891] for the linearized non‐isentropic Navier–Stokes–Poisson equations are improved. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Poisson brackets of mappings obtained as (<Emphasis Type="Italic">q</Emphasis>,−<Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>) reductions of lattice equations

In this paper, we present Poisson brackets of certain classes of mappings obtained as general periodic reductions of integrable lattice equations. The Poisson brackets are derived from a Lagrangian, using the so-called Ostrogradsky transformation. The (q,?p) reductions are (p + q)-dimensional maps and explicit Poisson brackets for such reductions of the discrete KdV equation, the discrete Lotka–Volterra equation, and the discrete Liouville equation are included. Lax representations of these equations can be used to construct sufficiently many integrals for the reductions. As examples we show that the (3,?2) reductions of the integrable partial difference equations are Liouville integrable in their own right.     

Thinning of point processes,revisited

ＴＨＩＮＮＩＮＧＯＦＰＯＩＮＴＰＲＯＣＥＳＳＥＳ,ＲＥＶＩＳＩＴＥＤＨＥＳＨＥＮＧＷＵ（何声武）（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＭａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃａｌＳｔａｔｉｓｔｉｃｓ,ＥａｓｔＣｈｉｎａＮｏｒｍａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙＳｈａｎｇｈａｉ２０００６２,Ｃ...     

Dynamic control for non-linear systems with delay

We consider some class of non-linear systems of the form

$\dot x = A( \cdot )x + \sum\limits_{i = 1}^l {A_i ( \cdot )x(t - \tau _i (t)) + b( \cdot )u} ,$

where A(·) ∈ ? ^{n × n} , A _i (·) ∈ ? ^{n × n} , b(·) ∈ ? ⁿ , whose coefficients are arbitrary uniformly bounded functionals.

A special type of the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional is used to synthesize dynamic control described by the equation

$\dot u = \rho ( \cdot )u + (m( \cdot ),x),$

where ρ(·) ∈ ?¹, m(·) ∈ ? ⁿ , which makes the system globally asymptotically stable. Also, the situation is considered where the control u enters into the system not directly but through a pulse element performing an amplitude-frequency modulation.

     

On a singular minimizing problem

We investigate the non-homogeneous modular Dirichlet problem Δ _p (·)u(x) = f (x) (where Δ _p (·)u(x) = div(|?u|^p(x-2)?u(x)) from the functional analytic point of view and we prove the stability of the solutions \({\left( {{u_{{p_i}}}} \right)_i}\) of the equation \({\Delta _{{p_i}\left( \cdot \right)}}{u_{{p_i}\left( \cdot \right)}} = f\) as p _i (·) → q(·) via Gamma-convergence of sequence of appropriate functionals.