甲酰胺溶剂中溶质间的过量Gibbs自由能相互作用参数

利用气液色谱方法测定了２９８．１５Ｋ时若干非电解质溶质在甲酰胺－乙酰胺、甲酰胺－尿素、甲酰胺－高氯酸钠固定液中的保留参数，采用ＭｃＭｉｌａａｎ－Ｍａｙｅｒ理论，将溶液热力学过量性质与溶液中粒子的对相互作用，参相互作用参数相联系，利用热力学方法求得了溶质的保留参数与Ｇｉｂｌｓ自由能相互作用参数的关系，并就溶质－溶质间的相互作用及溶剂性质的影响进行了讨论。     

应用反气相色谱法研究高分子-溶剂相互作用

应用反气相色谱法研究了聚乙二醇和若干溶剂的相互作用。实验表明以表面处理多孔硅胶为担体,为获得准确的保留体积,需考虑作固定相在担体上涂布量外推。据此计算出相互作用参数X和 ,可和静态蒸汽吸附法或混合体积测定等所得数据相比,并反映了聚乙二醇和溶剂相互作用的某些特点。     

聚合物-溶剂的相互作用参数

在溶解度参数理论中,聚合物-溶剂的相互作用参数X_1计算式为: X_1=V_1/RT(δ_1-δ_2)~2+β (1)式中V_1为溶剂的摩尔体积,δ_1和δ_2分别为溶剂和聚合物的溶解度参数。经验常数β是作为对Flory组合熵的改进而计入X_1中的。     

液-液溶解度法与气-液色谱法研究溶剂-溶剂的相互作用

测量了角鲨烷(B)+邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(C)的溶解度相图, 应用HSFH二元系公式推算得相互作用参数Abc; 用气-液色谱测量了若干正构烷烃、环烷烃用作探测溶质(A)在(B+C)混合溶剂中的无限稀活度系数, 应用HSFH三元系公式推算得相互作用参数Abc, 两者符合热力学一致性。     

溶剂化热力学的理论研究(Ⅴ)——含水混合溶剂中AgCl、AgBrO3溶度积的理论计算

本文以AgCl、AgBrO₃在一系列浓度的MeOH-H₂O、EtOH-H₂O、PrOH-H₂O、Me₂CO-H₂O及DMSO-H₂O混合溶剂中的离解平衡为研究对象,从离子溶剂化能的角度计算了这些难溶盐的溶度积,计算结果与文献值吻合较好.     

溶剂-导体界面电子转移溶剂重组能的球-界面模型

在连续介质理论基础上, 根据热力学基本原理, 用一个外加电场Eex将非平衡态2[Enon2, Dnon2]变成约束平衡态[E*2, D*2], 推导出了正确普适的溶剂重组能公式. 基于球-界面近似, 推导出了正确的溶剂-导体界面电子转移溶剂重组能公式. 和Marcus的公式相比, 本文的结果多了(εs-εop)/(εop(εs-1))因子. 对极性溶剂, 预测的溶剂重组能约为Marcus模型所得结果的一半. 以C343(Coumarin 343)-TiO2体系为算例, 计算了溶剂重组能并与实验值进行了比较.     

溶剂对聚乙炔合成及性能影响

Abstract: Acetylene polymerized by a heat aged mixture of Ti(OBu)4-AlEt3 in various solvents(alkane and aromatic hydrocarbon)yields a high performance polyacetylene film (HPPA).Being doped with iodine, the films showed an electrical conductivity of 103 S/cm at roomtemperature. The value was over 104 S/cm after stretching of the film. The HPPA filmswere high compact and stable in air and composed of relatively ordered piling up of fibrils.Its apparent density and permeability of N2 were 0.80g/cm3 and 3.2?10-11 Jcm3 (STP)/cm2·s·cm Hg,respectively. The results of IR, TEM and X-ray diffraction indicated that the filmswere high crystalline and had 65-85% of cis-PA and 20-100 nm of fibre diameter.     

二价离子溶剂化自由能的计算—玻恩方程的应用

离子溶剂化自由能是一个很重要的热力学参数,求得溶剂化自由能后,不仅可以了解离子溶剂化的性质,而且由此还可以计算其它热力学函数。由于单个离子不能独立存在,所以不能由实验直接测得单个离子的溶剂化自由能。1920年,玻恩根据静电模型,提出计算单个离子溶剂化自由能的公式如下:     

四苯硼钾由单-到不同混合溶剂的迁移自由能

KBPh4作为一种典型的大阴离子电解质 ,在研究与计算大分子电解质的迁移热力学性质中起着重要的作用 .讨论大分子电解质与不同溶剂间的作用 ,还可以为萃取、色谱及表面活性剂的研究提供理论依据 .一些文献及我们前文曾对四苯硼盐由水到一些纯溶剂 [1,2]及从水到某些水-有机混合溶剂中的标准迁移自由能进行了研究 [3],但对四苯硼盐在有机-有机混合溶剂中的研究报导极少 .本文对 KBPh4由水到水-异丙醇和由甲醇到甲醇-异丙醇混合溶剂的标准迁移自由能进行了研究和探讨 .1实验部分 1.1实验仪器及方法 　　用 CS501型超级恒温槽恒温 ;用 WF…     

Determination of Polymer Compatibility by Viscometric Measurements on Ternary Solutions of the Two Polymers

Results on the intrinsic viscosity [η] are reported for the system solvent(1)/polymer(2)/polymer(3) in which the solvent was benzene, polymer(2) was polystyrene (PS), and polymer(3) was poly(dimethylsiloxane) PDMS. The values of [η] were then used to determine the likely compatibility of polymer blends of PS and PDMS. Initial focus was on the traditional interaction parameter b ₂₃ ⁽¹⁾ used by several authors to predict compatibilities, it but depends on the molar mass, weight fractions, and concentrations of each polymer. A new interaction parameter b ₂₃ ⁽²⁾ that is independent of polymer(3) concentration and molar mass was evaluated for determinations of polymer compatibility.     

四元系溶液中溶质间的Gibbs自由能相互作用参数的研究

用气液色谱法测定２９８．１５Ｋ下，有机溶质在尿素＋高氯酸钠＋甲酰胺固定液中的保留参数，用ＭｃＭｉｌｌａｎ－Ｍａｙｅｒ理论，将溶液的势力学过量性质与溶液中粒子间的对相互作用、三相互作用参数相联系，用热力学方法求得该四元体系中溶质的气液色谱保留参数与Ｇｉｂｂｓ自由能相互作用参数的联系，并就溶质间的相互作用及混合溶剂性质的影响进行了讨论。     

计算高聚物增塑体系混合自由能新方法

高聚物增塑体系混合自由能与浓度关系 ΔGm=f(ω1) ,不仅反映了增塑体系热力学稳定性好坏 ,而且可以预测溶液各组分间的作用能力 [1,2 ] .通过实验可直接得到增塑体系混合自由能的相关数据 ,其中包括偏蒸气压值测量法、渗透压法、反相气相色谱法及小角 X射线散射法等[3～ 8] .这些方法可以测量增塑体系挥发性组分的偏摩尔化学位值 ,利用下面公式计算Δμ1/RT =ln(p1/p1,S)式中 p1,p1,S是某温度下增塑体系增塑剂的偏蒸气压值和纯增塑剂的饱和蒸气压 .1　现有的高聚物混合体系自由能 ηGm计算方法对于低分子溶液体系各组分的偏摩尔化学位Δ…     

Micellisation behaviour of mixtures of sodium dodecylsulphate and sodium lauroylsarcosinate in water

The critical micelle concentrations of binary mixtures of sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS) and sodium lauroylsarcosinate (SLAS) have been determined in water by conductivity measurements at different mole fractions for each of the components. The critical micelle concentrations were slightly lower than that predicted from ideal mixing theory indicating positive synergistic interactions in mixed micelle formation. The results of the mixed systems were analysed using the Regular Solution Theory and the approach based on the Gibbs–Duhem equation which allowed for the determination of the composition of the mixed micelle, the activity coefficients and the pair-wise molecular interaction parameter β. The β values were all negative at all mole fractions investigated, showing a slight deviation from ideality, with an average value of –0.27. The excess free energy of the mixed systems was also calculated and the values were all negative for the mixed systems studied, an indication that the mixed micelles are thermodynamically stable relative to the individual component. This thermodynamic parameter also exhibits symmetrical behaviour with respect to micellar composition suggestive of a regular solution behaviour of the mixed surfactant system.     

An extension of the Pitzer equation for the excess Gibbs energy of aqueous electrolyte systems to aqueous polyelectrolyte solutions

Pitzer's equation for the excess Gibbs energy of aqueous solutions of low-molecular electrolytes is extended to aqueous solutions of polyelectrolytes. The model retains the original form of Pitzer's model (combining a long-range term, based on the Debye–Hückel equation, with a short-range term similar to the virial equation where the second osmotic virial coefficient depends on the ionic strength). The extension consists of two parts: at first, it is assumed that a constant fraction of the monomer units of the polyelectrolyte is dissociated, i.e., that fraction does not depend on the concentration of the polyelectrolyte, and at second, a modified expression for the ionic strength (wherein each charged monomer group is taken into account individually) is introduced. This modification is to account for the presence of charged polyelectrolyte chains, which cannot be regarded as punctual charges. The resulting equation was used to correlate osmotic coefficient data of aqueous solutions of a single polyelectrolyte as well as of binary mixtures of a single polyelectrolyte and a salt with low-molecular weight. It was additionally applied to correlate liquid–liquid equilibrium data of some aqueous two-phase systems that might form when a polyelectrolyte and another hydrophilic but neutral polymer are simultaneously dissolved in water. A good agreement between the experimental data and the correlation result is observed for all investigated systems.     

Comparison of Experimental Methods and Theoretical Calculations on Crystal Energies of ‘Isoenergetic’ Polymorphs of Cimetidine

The thermodynamic energy relationship between two crystal modifications of cimetidine was investigated and compared with differences in their processing properties with respect to transformation from one modification to the other.The crystal energies of the two modifications A and D were found to be almost identical and therefore the polymorphs are regarded as virtually isoenergetic crystals. This statement is based on DSC measurements of the melting points and of the enthalpies of fusion for the two crystal forms, which enable the calculation of the Gibbs free energy functions. Furthermore, the statement is supported by measurements of the enthalpies of solution in two different solvents. Both DSC and solution experiments reveal a slightly higher stability of the D modification with respect to the A form. In addition, tribomechanical treatment also indicates modification D to be the more stable one, as well as the higher density of the D form. No transformation during DSC at low heating rate was found which could be used in a stability consideration.As the explicit crystal structures of the two modifications are resolved, it was possible to calculate crystal energies theoretically as well. The theoretical results showed a remarkable difference in the crystal energies at zero degree Kelvin. Furthermore, they were just contradicting experimental findings by stating A being more stable than D. Possible reasons for this discrepancy and the feasibility of today's calculation methods with respect to prediction of stability properties are discussed.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

胆固醇/两性霉素B混合单层膜相互作用的研究

两性霉素B (AmB)为多烯类抗真菌抗生素, 它的吸收过程与生物膜有密切联系. 选用生物膜中的重要分子胆固醇为代表, 通过Langmuir-Blodgett (LB)膜技术测得胆固醇/两性霉素B单层膜表面压力与平均分子面积(π-A)曲线, 定量分析了固定模压下的平均分子面积(A)、弹性模量(C_S^－1)、过量吉布斯自由能(ΔG_ex)等参量. 实验结果表明, 胆固醇/两性霉素B两组分物质的量比与膜压对单层膜的弹性、稳定性以及热力学特性有影响|通过单层膜相互作用参数α进一步佐证了组分间物质的量比和表面压力对混合单层膜稳定性、混合性以及分子间相互作用具有重要影响.