一种用于fMRI的嗅觉刺激装置优化与验证

为搭建可用于磁共振环境下的自动控制嗅觉刺激器,本文根据刺激装置搭建的通用要求和实验室已有装置的性能提出了改进需求和系统整体设计方案．刺激装置分为控制系统与气体输送系统两部分．控制系统的软件部分基于LabVIEW平台编程,采用了虚拟仪器方案,提供可输入刺激序列的人机界面,并根据不同的刺激需求来控制电磁阀动作,以切换不同气路．气体输送系统由4条可变支路和1条恒流支路组成,其中的3条可变气路由洁净空气分别通过装有不同气味液体的洗气瓶来产生3种刺激气味．系统搭建完成后,使用霍尼韦尔AWM43600空气流量传感器测量了系统气体流量波动率为0.3%,同时测得不同刺激气路切换时的切换响应时间为1.07 s．最后使用该刺激装置对8名被试进行嗅觉刺激的同时进行功能磁共振成像（fMRI）实验,实验采用了乙醇、吡啶和乙酸异戊酯3种刺激气味,fMRI图像结果显示被试的嗅觉受到刺激后,丘脑、杏仁核、梨状皮质、眶额皮层等嗅觉相关脑区激活．以上实验表明,本文搭建的指标可量化的刺激器更能满足嗅觉fMRI实验的要求．     

基于气体浓度定量的嗅觉刺激器优化设计

现有的基于磁共振测量的嗅觉刺激器，通过调节嗅剂液体浓度的方法可以实现不同浓度的嗅觉刺激，但随着实验进行，受到嗅剂挥发以及实验环境（温度、湿度、气流量）变化的影响，很难确保输送至鼻腔的嗅剂气体浓度的稳定性，进而影响实验结果的准确性．本研究对本实验室前期开发的嗅觉刺激装置进行改进，实现了气体浓度精确定量．改进后的嗅觉刺激器主要分为三个部分：控制系统、反馈系统和气路系统．控制系统主要实现气路系统的送气控制和嗅剂气体浓度调节；反馈系统则负责对气体浓度进行测量；气路系统则在原有基础上添加活性炭装置，降低无关因素干扰．装置改进之后，不同气路切换时间为75.2 ms，比原装置减少了1 s，有效提高刺激精度．实验结果显示，气体浓度调节前，300 s内乙醇、吡啶、乙酸戊酯嗅剂气体浓度分别下降6.7%、71.4%、79.2%，嗅剂气体浓度短时间内发生较大改变．加入气体浓度调节功能后，当气体浓度下降至目标浓度的90%时，可通过调节气泵电压改变嗅剂气流与空气气流比例，从而调节嗅剂气体浓度至目标值，其中吡啶、乙酸戊酯用时13 s．     

一种用于fMRI的温度觉刺激装置的设计与验证

介绍了一种用于功能磁共振成像(f MRI)的温度觉刺激装置的设计与验证,该装置能够用于f MRI温度觉的脑功能研究,满足温度觉f MRI实验的自动化刺激要求.整个刺激装置设计了以微控制器为核心的控制电路,通过数据采集卡能够与上位机Lab VIEW软件进行数据通讯,并将获取的数据通过特定的串口协议传递给数字PID温控模块,实现对刺激端温度的精确调控.最后,使用该刺激装置对多名被试进行了温度觉的脑功能实验,实验结果验证了该设计的可行性.     

基于低温液氮吸附的控制系统设计与实现

在低温精馏实验中原料气的纯化必不可少.针对不同的气体纯化方法结合具体的工艺要求,建立了一套低温液氮吸附装置用于除去杂质气体.根据低温液氮吸附工艺过程,提出一种基于PLC的自动控制方法并建立控制系统应用于实验装置.该控制系统包括常规信号采集、多个PID控制、Modbus TCP通讯等,实现了数据处理、参数设定、数据显示与存储等功能.经过长期实验运行表明,低温液氮吸附控制系统运行稳定可靠,操作界面友好简单、便于维护,可移植性强.     

聚丙烯孔洞铁电驻极体膜的电极化及其电荷动态特性

根据栅控恒压电晕充电组合反极性电晕补偿充电法的实验结果计算出铁电驻极体的极化强度.结果说明，伴随着薄膜内孔洞气体的Paschen击穿，该铁电体的极化强度随栅压增加而显著上升.利用上述充电方法和热刺激放电(TSD)谱的分析讨论了这类空间电荷型宏观电偶极子，及与其补偿的空间电荷热退极化的电荷动态特性；阐明了这两类俘获电荷的能阱分布，即构成宏观电偶极子的位于孔洞上下介质层内的等值异号空间电荷分别被俘获在深、浅两种能值陷阱内，而位于薄膜表面层的注入空间电荷则被俘获在中等能值陷阱中. 关键词： 反极性电晕补偿充电法 铁电驻极体 充电电流 热刺激放电     

自制简易做功改变内能实验器

在以前的中学物理教材及教学中,"压缩气体做功,气体内能增大"与"气体膨胀对外做功,气体内能减少"是两个独立的实验,分别采用"压缩引火仪"与"气体做功内能减少实验器"两套实验装置.实验装置结构复杂,操作繁琐,成功率不高.每次实验都要消耗硝化棉、酒精等材料并且排放硝化棉燃烧后形成的有毒废气及酒精蒸气,不利于环保.     

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介绍了HL-2A装置上用于二级加热系统的PSM高压脉冲电源的反馈控制系统.该电源控制系统以DSP+FPGA作为控制核心,输出112路驱动脉冲,以此来控制112个IGBT的通断,包括了驱动、通信、计算、反馈等部分,使电源系统输出稳定高压.设计了远程通信系统,其中基于VB的上位机与控制系统之间采用CAN总线技术来实现电源系统的相关参数设定及传输.DSP与FPGA实现了计算、反馈等功能.完成了相关的代码编写与系统测试.实验测试结果表明,该控制系统实现了高压电源的稳定输出,满足了实验的需求.     

高功率微波脉冲压缩技术实验研究

 建立了利用储能切换法实现微波脉冲压缩的实验装置并进行了实验研究。在输入脉冲功率为2.7MW,脉冲宽度为1.4μs的情况下,脉冲压缩功率增益近40,输出微波脉冲功率为106MW,脉宽为13～14ns。实验结果表明输出功率增益与气压和气体成分没有明显的联系,气体击穿的分散性可能是导致输出功率增益波动的主要原因。     

规则结构多孔填料塔两相流动特性实验研究

本文以空气和水为工质,对规则结构多孔填料塔的气-液逆向流动特性进行了可视化实验,研究了填料塔内气一液两相流动规律.实验结果表明:当液体流量一定时,随着气体流量的增加,压力损失增大;当气体流量一定时,随着液体流量的增加,气相压力损失增加.根据实验结果提出了采用水力雷诺数、韦伯数和无量纲流动参数的填料塔内气-液两相流动阻力系数实验关联式.     

一种干涉高光谱图像的3DSPIHT结合ROI压缩算法

 针对大孔径静态干涉成像光谱仪的成像特点,提出了一种基于三维小波变换的3DSPIHT算法结合ROI的图像压缩方案.对干涉高光谱图像序列进行了三维非对称离散小波变换.采用ROI方法对主要的光谱系数进行提升,以保护光谱信息.最后,对3DSPIHT算法进行改进,以有效编码干涉高光谱图像的小波变换系数.实验结果表明,该方法在8:1压缩比下可获得大于40 dB的峰值信噪比,同时有效地保护了光谱信息.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.