NH3分子在LiH(100)表面吸附的第一性原理研究

采用第一性原理方法研究了NH3分子在LiH(100)晶面的表面吸附情况. 通过研究LiH(100) /NH3体系的吸附位置、吸附能和电子结构,发现NH3分子在Li3N (100)晶面主要是化学吸附,初始位置为NH3分子中N-H键在Li顶位时失去一个H原子,并在LiH(110)面形成NH2基,其吸附能为0.511 eV,属于强化学吸附,吸附作用最强. 此时NH2基与附近H原子和Li原子之间为离子键作用,NH2基中N—H键为共价键;NH3分子中另一个H原子与LiH表面的一个H原子形成一个H2分子逸出表面. H2分子中H-Ｈ键为明显的共价键.     

H_2在Li掺杂Al_7C~+上吸附的理论研究

利用密度泛函理论研究了H2分子在Li掺杂Al7C+团簇上的吸附.对于Al7C+团簇,H2分子的吸附能仅为-0.017eV,掺杂Li原子到Al7C+团簇可以明显增强对H2分子的吸附.吸附一个H2分子时吸附能可以达到-0.151eV,吸附四个H2分子的平均吸附能为-0.073eV.根据自然键轨道分析,电荷从Li原子向Al7C+团簇转移,带正电的Li离子极化H2分子并且增强了H2分子与Al7CLi+团簇之间的相互作用.     

(Li3N)n(n=1—5)团簇结构与性质的密度泛函研究

用密度泛函理论(DFT)的杂化密度泛函B3LYP方法在6-31G*基组水平上对(Li₃N)_n(n=1—5)团簇各种可能的构型进行几何结构优化,预测了各团簇的最稳定结构. 并对最稳定结构的振动特性、成键特性、电荷特性等进行了理论研究. 结果表明,(Li₃N)_n(n=1—5)团簇中N原子的配位数以4,5较多见,Li—Li键长为0.210—0.259nm,Li原子在桥位时Li—N键长为0.185—0.204nm,Li原子在端位时Li—N键长为0.172—0.178nm;团簇中N原子的平均自然电荷为-2.01e,Li原子的平均自然电荷为+0.67e;Li₃N,(Li₃N)₅团簇有相对较高的动力学稳定性. 关键词： 3N)_n(n=1—5)团簇')" href="#">(Li₃N)_n(n=1—5)团簇 密度泛函理论 结构与性质 储氢材料     

Ca(BH4)2络合物电子结构及热力学稳定性的第一性原理研究

利用第一性原理研究了低温及高温相Ca(BH4)2络合物的电子结构、晶格振动及其反应焓。计算结果表明：低温及高温相Ca(BH4)2中Ca+2与[BH4]－以离子键形式相结合,[BH4]－离子中B原子和H原子以共价键形式相结合,对该共价键有贡献的主要是B原子的2p轨道电子,H原子的1s轨道电子。Ca(BH4)2可能的反应路径为：Ca(BH4)2→2CaH2+CaB6+10H2,该反应在300K下反应焓为43.22 kJ/mol H2。拉伸B—H键所对应的声子频率较高,其值为2360～2500cm-1,这可能是导致B—H键断裂释放氢气需要较高温度的主要原因之一。     

NH3分子在LiH（100）表面吸附的第一性原理研究

采用第一性原理方法研究了NH₃分子在LiH（100）晶面的表面吸附情况.通过研究LiH（100）/NH₃体系的吸附位置、吸附能和电子结构,发现NH₃分子在LiH（100）晶面主要是化学吸附,初始位置为NH₃分子中N-H键在Li顶住时失去一个H原子,并在LiH（100）面形成NH₂基,其吸附能为0.511 eV,属于强化学吸附,吸附作用最强.此时NH₂基与附近H原子和Li原子之间为离子键作用,NH₂基中N—H键为共价键;NH₃分子中另一个H原子与LiH表面的一个H原子形成一个H₂分子逸出表面.H₂分子中H-H键为明显的共价键.     

H2在Li掺杂Al6Si+上吸附的理论研究

本文利用密度泛函理论的B3LYP/6-31G(d, p)和组态相互作用的QCISD/6-31G(d, p)研究了Al6Si+和Al6SiLi+团簇的几何和电子结构及其对H2分子的吸附,两种不同方法计算的H2分子在团簇上的吸附能非常一致。H2分子在Al6Si+团簇上的吸附能仅为-0.018 eV,Al6Si+团簇中掺杂Li原子可以明显增强其对H2分子的吸附。Al6SiLi+团簇吸附一个H2分子的吸附能可以达到-0.157 eV,吸附五个H2分子的平均吸附能为-0.088 eV。态密度和自然键轨道分析表明,电荷从Li原子向Si原子转移,H2分子在带正电的Li离子产生的电场中发生极化,从而在静电相互作用下吸附在Li原子周围。     

Ca(BH_4)_2络合物电子结构及热力学稳定性的第一性原理研究

利用第一性原理研究了低温及高温相Ca(BH_4)_2络合物的电子结构、晶格振动及其反应焓.计算结果表明:低温及高温相Ca(BH_4)_2中Ca~(+2)与[BH_4]~-以离子键形式相结合,[BH_4]~-离子中B原子和H原子以共价键形式相结合,对该共价键有贡献的主要是B原子的2p轨道电子,H原子的1s轨道电子.Ca(BH_4)_2可能的反应路径为:Ca(BH_4)_2→2CaH_2+CaB_6+10H_2,该反应在300 K下反应焓为43.22 kJ/molH_2.拉伸B—H键所对应的声子频率较高,其值为2360～2500 cm~(-1),这可能是导致B—H键断裂释放氢气需要较高温度的主要原因之一.     

H2在Li掺杂Al7C+上吸附的理论研究

摘要: 利用密度泛函理论研究了H2分子在Li掺杂Al7C+团簇上的吸附．对于Al7C+团簇,H2分子的吸附能仅为-0.017eV,掺杂Li原子到Al7C+团簇可以明显增强对H2分子的吸附．吸附一个H2分子时吸附能可以达到-0.151eV,吸附四个H2分子的平均吸附能为-0.073eV．根据自然键轨道分析,电荷从Li原子向Al7C+团簇转移,带正电的Li离子极化H2分子并且增强了H2分子与Al7CLi+团簇之间的相互作用．     

NH3与MgH2反应机理的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法研究了NH3与MgH2的放氢反应机理,在6-311G(d, p)基组水平上对反应物、中间体、过渡态及产物进行了全几何参数优化。频率分析和内禀反应坐标(IRC)计算证实了中间体和过渡态的正确性和相互连接关系。计算结果表明。反应分两步单通道的氢取代过程,且反应过程相类似,反应生成Mg(NH2)2和2H2。两步氢取代反应所释放的H2中两个H原子分别来源于NH3和MgH2。反应脱氢的关键在于克服N—H键断裂所需能量。     

X@Mg_8B_(14)(X=H,Li)团簇核壳结构与性质的密度泛函理论研究

运用杂化密度泛函B3LYP方法,在6-31G*水平上对X@Mg_8B_(14)(X=H,Li)两种团簇进行了几何结构优化,并计算了其电子结构、振动特性和成键特性.计算结果表明:优化后的X@Mg_8B_(14)(X=H,Li)团簇均为橄榄球状核壳结构,对称性点群均为D2h.用自然键轨道方法分析了成键性质,发现X@Mg8B14(X=H,Li)团簇中B原子主要是sp杂化轨道参与成键,Mg原子主要是s轨道参与成键.Mg原子和B原子之间发生了大量的电子转移,在B原子层堆积了大量的电子;尤其是封装Li原子后,B原子层得电子数量明显增加.     

Topological analysis of charge density in heptasulfur imide (S7NH) from isolated molecule to solid

Intra and intermolecular interactions of heptasulfur imide (S₇NH) are investigated in terms of topological properties analyses, such analyses are applied to both experimental (multipole model) and theoretically calculated (DFT and PDFT calculations) charge densities of the isolated molecule and of the crystal. The same analyses are also applied to a multipole model density obtained from theoretically (PDFT) derived structural amplitudes. The covalent bond character of S-N, N-H and S-S bonds are well described in terms of density, ρ_b, and total energy density, H_b, at the bond critical point r_c, though it is clear that the S-S bonds are weaker shared interactions than those of N-H and S-N bonds. Lone pair electron regions of sulfur and nitrogen atoms are revealed as the local charge concentration site from the Laplacian of charge density. The even weaker intermolecular interactions are well characterized; these include the N-H?S hydrogen bonding, N?S binding interactions and S?S binding interactions. All these intermolecular binding interactions are closed-shell interactions. The Laplacian of charge density demonstrates a directional intermolecular binding interaction. The corresponding intermolecular binding energies are derived by MP2/6-311+G(d,p) calculations. Atomic graph of each atom of the molecule is described in detail by the vertices, edges and faces of the polyhedron around the nucleus to illustrate such directional interactions.     

α-甘氨酸晶体中NH_3~+扭曲振动的变温拉曼光谱研究

1999年,Chilcott研究了α-甘氨酸单晶电阻抗随温度的变化,发现晶体在304 K开始导电。为了了解其导电机理,本文研究90 K到340 K的拉曼光谱,发现在α-甘氨酸单晶中NH3+扭曲振动模式分裂,表现为N-H(6)…O(1)(491 cm-1)和N-H(7)…O(2)(483 cm-1)模式,以及CO2-摇摆模式(503cm-1),在304 K均有不连续性变化,并与变温中子衍射晶体结构层内的氢键N-H(6)…O(1)键角和N-H(7)…O(2)长度出现转折点一致。由于α-甘氨酸晶胞中NH3+和CO2-基团构成的电偶极子在变温下重新定向,出现两性离子电荷重心变化致使晶体极化,引起晶体在304 K左右发生了铁电相变。     

Ferroelectric order of parallel bistable hydrogen bonds

A new NH.N hydrogen-bonded ferroelectric crystal of [C6H12N2H]+ReO - 4 (dabcoHReO4) exhibits exceptional dielectric properties that result from the unique structure where all the bistable NH...N hydrogen bonds are parallel and directed exactly in the same sense. Consequently, the main structural origin of the spontaneous polarization of the crystal is the identical orientation of the asymmetric NH+...N hydrogen bonds along [001]. This first observation of a ferroelectric with parallel arrangement of the NH+...N bonded aggregates, gives temperature-independent and the highest spontaneous polarization ever reported for an organic or water-soluble substance.     

CH2Cl与OH自由基反应机理的理论研究

用量子化学从头算方法对CH2 Cl与OH自由基反应生成HCCl+H2 O、HCOCl+H2 和H2 CO +HCl的机理进行了研究 .在UMP2 (FC) / 6 311++G 水平上计算出了各物种的优化构型、振动频率 ;并在Gaussian 3(G3)水平上计算了他们的零点能 (ZPE)、相对能量及总能量 .结果表明 ,CH2 Cl和OH自由基反应首先经无垒过程生成一个富能中间体CH2 ClOH ,中间体再经过一系列原子转移、基团旋转和键断裂分别生成产物HCCl+H2 O、HCOCl+H2 和H2 CO +HCl;三者均为放热反应 ,放热量分别为 72 .81、338.5 4和 35 4 .0 8kJ/mol;生成H2 CO +HCl放出的热量比生成HCCl+H2 O放出的热量多 2 81.2 7kJ/mol,与实验结果吻合 .     

1,1-二氨基二硝基乙烯晶体的密度泛函理论研究

对 1,1 二氨基二硝基乙烯晶体进行了DFT B3LYP水平计算 .计算所得晶格能为 -10 5 .81kJ/mol,与文献值相近 .晶体的前线能带较为平坦 ,表明分子轨道能态受分子晶体场的影响较小 .电荷的分布决定了晶体中DADNE以“头 尾”方式通过分子间氢键相连形成层状结构 ,而层与层之间相互作用较弱 .从带隙 4.0eV推知DADNE的导电性介于半导体和绝缘体之间 .前线轨道由C -NO2 的原子轨道所组成 ,说明分子的强共轭性 ,也表明C -NO2 为化学反应活性部位 .C -NO2 键的布居数远小于其它键 ,提示该键为起爆引发键     

Enhanced ionic conductivity in LAGP/LATP composite electrolyte

Nasicon materials(sodium superionic conductors) such as Li_(1.5)Al_(0.5)Ge_(1.5)(PO_4)_3(LAGP) and Li_(1.4)Al_(0.4)Ti_(1.6)(PO_4)_3(LATP) have been considered as important solid electrolytes due to their high ionic conductivity and chemical stability.Compared to LAGP, LATP has higher bulk conductivity around 10~(-3) S/cm at room temperature; however, the apparent grain boundary conductivity is almost two orders of magnitude lower than the bulk, while LAGP has similar bulk and grain boundary conductivity around the order of 10~(-4) S/cm. To make full use of the advantages of the two electrolytes, pure phase Li_(1.5)Al_(0.5)Ge_(1.5)(PO_4)_3 and Li_(1.4)Al_(0.4)Ti_(1.6)(PO_4)_3 were synthesized through solid state reaction, a series of composite electrolytes consisting of LAGP and LATP with different weight ratios were designed. XRD and variable temperature AC impedance spectra were carried out to clarify the crystal structure and the ion transport properties of the composite electrolytes. The results indicate that the composite electrolyte with the LATP/LAGP weight ratio of 80:20 achieved the highest bulk conductivity which shall be due to the formation of solid solution phase Li1.42 Al0.42 Ge0.3 Ti1.28(PO4)3, while the highest grain boundary conductivity appeared at the LATP/LAGP weight ratio of 20:80 which may be due to the excellent interfacial phase between Li_(1+x)Al_xGe_yTi_(2-x-y)(PO_4)_3/LATP. All the composite electrolytes demonstrated higher total conductivity than the pure LAGP and LATP, which highlights the importance of heterogeneous interface on regulating the ion transport properties.     

Molecular interactions in methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid ([Mim][BF4]): Structures, binding energies, topological properties and NMR one- and two bonds spin-spin coupling constants

Molecular interactions in methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid ([Mim⁺][BF₄⁻]) have been investigated using B3LYP, B3PW91 and MP2 methods with a wide range of basis sets. Binding energy, topological properties of electron density, charge transfer, nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) and NMR one- and two bonds spin-spin coupling constants were calculated. With five preferential binding sites in the vicinity of the Mim⁺ ring, five ion pairs (A-E) with three intermolecular hydrogen bonds were found on the potential energy surface. The most stable ion pairs are formed via N-H and C-H bonds of Mim⁺ and B-F bonds of BF₄⁻. Ion pairs have electronic binding energies (BEs) in the range of − 335.6 to − 402.9 kJ/mol at MP2/6-311++G(2d,2p) level and − 328.1 to − 383.6 kJ/mol at B3LYP/AUG-cc-pVTZ level. NBO analysis confirms that the charge transfer takes place from BF₄⁻ to Mim⁺. The NICS values reveal the aromaticity of imidazole ring. The results show a correlation between absolute value of ^1hJ(H?F) and electron density at H?F bond critical point.     

LaNi5晶体表面态的计算研究

用“团簇埋入自洽计算法”对LaNi₅晶体表面进行了全电子、全势场、自旋极化的从头计算. 在原子纵向坐标充分弛豫的条件下，得到处于最低基态总能量下LaNi₅晶体的非平整表面空间结构及其电子结构. LaNi₅晶体最表面La原子向外凸出，Ni原子向里收缩，凹凸不平的表面层增加了表面原子与氢原子的接触面积；而表面层的有效体积增大了约9%，有利于氢原子的进入. LaNi₅晶体表面态的费米能量大大高于体材料的费米能量. 在费密面上主要是Ni的3d电子，价带未填满，显示金属性. LaNi₅晶体表面第一、第二层有1.15个电子从La原子向Ni原子转移，这两层有反向的微小自旋磁矩，从而使表面显示顺磁性. 得到了LaNi₅晶体表面的价带电子态密度. 用过渡态方法计算了LaNi₅晶体表面的电离能和电子亲和势. 所有计算结果显示：LaNi₅晶体表面的性质与体性质显著不同，而与氢化物LaNi₅H₇的性质非常相近. 这说明LaNi₅晶体的表面结构有利于氢原子的吸收. 关键词： 5')" href="#">LaNi₅ 表面 电子结构 团簇埋入自洽计算法     

Relationship Between NH Stretching Frequencies and N…O Distances of Crystals Containing NH…O Hydrogen Bonds

Abstract

A relation between NH stretching frequencies and N…O distances is given for 42 N-H…O hydrogen bonds. The NH stretching frequencies vary from 3446 cm^?1 to 2290 cm^?1 and the N…O distances from 3.26 to 2.63 Å. Criteria for identifying the NH stretching fundamentals are discussed.