Stereochemicai study of 7-aryl-1,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-3(2H)indolizinones by1H and13C NMR

Stereochemistry of 7-aryl-1,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-3(2H)-indolizinones was studied by¹H and¹³C NMR. Complete assignment of¹H NMR signals and analysis of¹H-¹H coupling constants were performed using the iterative PANIC program. Values of³ J _6,7,³ J _7,8endo, and⁴ J _5,7 allow one to unambiguously identify the correspondingexo- andendo-stereoisomers. For stereoisomers with exo-orientation of H(7), complete assignment of¹³C NMR signals was performed on the basis of analysis of the¹³C-¹H coupling constants using two dimensional heteronuclear shift-correlating spectroscopy.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 3, pp. 591–593, March, 1996.     

NMR spectroscopic study of the (Z)/(E)-isomerism of 1-aryl-3-arylamino-2-propen-1-ones in solution and in the crystalline state

Summary ¹H,¹³C, and CP/MAS¹³C NMR spectra of sixp-substituted 1-aryl-3-arylamino-2-propen-1-ones in solution and in the solid state are reported and discussed. In the proteon-accepting solvent dimethylsulfoxide, electronegative substituents shift the isomeric equilibrium to the (E)-isomer. Bulky substituents promote crystallization of the (Z)-form.

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NMR-Spektroskopische Untersuchung der (Z)/(E)-Isomerie von 1-Aryl-3-arylamino-2-propen-1-onen in Lösung und im Kristallzustand (Kurze Mitt.)

Zusammenfassung ¹H-,¹³C- und CP/MAS-¹³C-NMR Spektren von sechsp-substituierten 1-Aryl-3-arylamino-2-propen-1-onen in gelöstem und festem Zustand werden berichtet und diskutiert. In protonenakzeptierendem Dimethylsulfoxid verschieben elektronegative Substituenten das Gleichgewicht zum (E)-Isomer. Große Substituenten begünstigen die Kristallisation in der (Z)-Form.

     

1-Methyl-2(3,4)-(1-vinylpyrrol-2-yl)pyridinium iodides: some structural features revealed by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy

The reactions of 2-, 3-, and 4-(1-vinylpyrrol-2-yl)pyridines with methyl iodide afford the corresponding quaternary salts. Analysis of their ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectra showed that the quaternization of the nitrogen atom considerably enhances the -acceptor effect of the pyridine ring on the pyrrole ring and on the vinyl group. 1-Methyl-2-(1-vinylpyrrol-2-yl)pyridinium iodide contains no weak intramolecular C--H...N hydrogen bond present in the starting compound.     

Invertomers at nitrogen in aziridine carboxylates by mltltinuclear (1H,13C,17O,and15N) NMR study

A confrgurational and conformational study of NH, N-acetyl- and N-sulfonylaziridine carboxylates is performed by¹H ,¹³C,¹⁷O, and¹⁵N NMR spectroscopy. The presence of acetyl and su fonyl groups on the ring nitrogen atom seems to reduce greatly the configurational stability at nitrogen.Published in Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 9, pp. 1226–1234, September, 1995.     

A multinuclear NMR study in the solid state and in solution of thallium(I) tris-(pyrazol-1-yl)borates (thallium scorpionates)

The ¹H, ¹³C and ¹⁵N NMR spectroscopic properties of six thallium tris-(pyrazol-1-yl)borates, including a tetrakis derivative, were determined. The results in solution were necessary to understand those, more complicated, in the solid state. A collection of ²⁰⁵Tl-¹⁵N and ²⁰⁵Tl-¹³C couplings was measured in the latter state. Among those, a very large coupling constant (between 194 and 282 Hz) has been measured on the carbon at the position 4 of the pyrazole ring in several compounds and particularly for the cyclobutyl derivative [Tl(Tp^Cbu)]. It has been assigned to a direct interaction of the 4-C-H ? Tl type and related to the X-ray structures, when available.     

NMR study of diastereoisomerism of 2-(1-aminoethyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane and its hydrochloride (deitiforin)

The assignment of the signals for the H and C atoms of four diastereomers (without their separation) of 2-(1-aminoethyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane (1) and its hydrochloride (2) (the antiviral drug deitiforin) was performed for the first time by two-dimensional ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. The effects of the substituent at position 2 of norbornane on the chemical shifts of the -, -, and -carbon atoms of the bicycle were examined using the increments for alkanes. The changes in the chemical shifts of the C(6) and C(7) atoms are substantially larger than those for the other C atoms, which made it possible to identify the exo and endo forms. Each of these forms exists as a mixture of two diastereomers. The effect of the positive charge of the N atom on the -protons, which are closely spaced, but separated by a number of covalent bonds, was considered on going from amine 1 to hydrochloride 2. Based on significant changes in shielding of these H atoms, the configurations of the asymmetric center in the CHMe(NH₂) substituent of the diastereomers were established.     

A C and N experimental NMR and theoretical study of the structure of linear primary aliphatic amines and ammonium salts: from C1 to C18

Eighteen aliphatic linear amines, from methylamine to stearylamine, have been experimentally studied by NMR and theoretically calculated at the GIAO/B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level. A partial exploration of their conformation has been carried out, mainly to determine the effect on the chemical shifts. In solution and for neutral amines, ¹⁵N chemical shifts indicate a mixture of two conformations. In the solid state (CPMAS NMR) only the subset of solid amines has been studied (from C14 to C18). The ¹⁵N signals of the corresponding ammonium salts in the solid state depend on the counteranions, Cl⁻ and CF₃CO₂⁻, a result that is theoretically proven.     

N-Oxides of polychloropyridines.13C NMR study

The effect ofN-oxidation of a series of polychloropyridines on¹³C NMR parameters has been studied. It has been established that inN-oxides of polychloropyridines an electric field through-space effect of theN-oxide group predominates in the shielding of the -carbon atom compared to the other carbon atoms. A linear correlation between¹³C NMR chemical shifts and total charge densities calculated by the MNDO method for the carbon atoms ofN-oxides of polychloropyridines has been found.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 12, pp. 2425–2428, December, 1995.The authors are grateful to V. V. Kolchanov for help in the synthesis of compounds under study.     

1H and13C NMR studies on lanthanide complexes with proline and hydroxyproline

The formation and the mode of coordination of rare earth (Y, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Lu) complexes with proline and hydroxyproline have been investigated by¹H and¹³C NMR spectral techniques. It has been established that the nitrogen and the carboxyl group of the ligands are involved in complexation, and that the OH^– group of hydroxyproline does not participate in coordination.

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¹H und¹³C NMR Untersuchungen an Lanthanid-Komplexen mit Prolin und Hydroxyprolin

Zusammenfassung Die Bildung und die Koordination von seltenen Erden (Y, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Lu) in Komplexen mit Prolin und Hydroxyprolin wurden mit Hilfe von¹H- und¹³C-NMR-Spektroskopie untersucht. Es wurde festgestellt, daß in den Komplexen der Stickstoff und der Carboxylsauerstoff der Liganden koordinieren. Die OH^–-Gruppe von Hydroxyprolin nimmt keinen Anteil an der Koordinierung.

     

Synthesis of 2-aryl-6-(4-bromophenyl)-4-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)pyridines with the use of 1-aryl-5,5-dichloropenta-2,4-dien-1-ones

Heating 1-aryl-5,5-dichloropenta-2,4-dien-1-ones with 4-bromophenacylpyridinium bromide in AcOH in the presence of AcONH₄ gave 2-aryl-6-(4-bromophenyl)-4-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)pyridines. The reaction products were structurally characterized by¹H and¹³C NMR spectroscopy. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 5, pp. 955–957, May, 2000.     

Quantitative analysis of deuterium using the isotopic effect on quaternary C NMR chemical shifts

Quantitative analysis of specifically deuterated compounds can be achieved by a number of conventional methods, such as mass spectroscopy, or by quantifying the residual ¹H NMR signals compared to signals from internal standards. However, site specific quantification using these methods becomes challenging when dealing with non-specifically or randomly deuterated compounds that are produced by metal catalyzed hydrothermal reactions in D₂O, one of the most convenient deuteration methods. In this study, deuterium-induced NMR isotope shifts of quaternary ¹³C resonances neighboring deuterated sites have been utilized to quantify the degree of isotope labeling of molecular sites in non-specifically deuterated molecules. By probing ¹³C NMR signals while decoupling both proton and deuterium nuclei, it is possible to resolve ¹³C resonances of the different isotopologues based on the isotopic shifts and the degree of deuteration of the carbon atoms. We demonstrate that in different isotopologues, the same quaternary carbon, neighboring partially deuterated carbon atoms, are affected to an equal extent by relaxation. Decoupling both nuclei (¹H, ²H) resolves closely separated quaternary ¹³C signals of the different isotopologues, and allows their accurate integration and quantification under short relaxation delays (D1 = 1 s) and hence fast accumulative spectral acquisition. We have performed a number of approaches to quantify the deuterium content at different specific sites to demonstrate a convenient and generic analysis method for use in randomly deuterated molecules, or in cases of specifically deuterated molecules where back-exchange processes may take place during work up.     

13C NMR study of 2,3,4,5-tetraphenylsilole dilithium salt

The complete assignment of the signals in the¹³C NMR spectra of 2,3,4,5-tetraphenyl-1-R¹,R²-1-silacyclopenta-2,4-dienes (R¹=R²=H, Me) and of the dianion of lithium salt [(PhC)₄Si]²⁻·2Li⁺ was carried out by 2D NMR spectroscopy. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 216–218, January, 1999.     

Quick analysis of composition of semi-aromatic copolyamide via 13C NMR study

Standard high resolution ¹³C NMR spectra of PA10T, PA6T, PA106, and PA66 were obtained by a nonacidic solvent mixture of HFIP and CDCl₃. Several chemical shifts were found extremely sensitive to the polyamide type. According to the standard spectra, semi-aromatic copolyamides comprising PA10T, PA6T, PA106, and PA66 units could be distinguished. The ratio of each polyamide component in the copolyamide was determined through the integration of the methylene carbon peak associated with the amine group. ¹³C NMR analysis results were consistent with the theoretical values and copolyamide hydrolysis test results, making ¹³C NMR analysis quite reliable on the quick composition analysis of semi-aromatic copolyamides. Based on this technique, several commercial semi-aromatic copolyamides were further examined and their compositions were easily determined.     

The statistical generation of SCS values and interaction factors for the13C NMR spectra of arenes

A new methodology which statistically determines substituent chemical shifts (SCS) and interaction factors of adjacent groups for use in the³C NMR spectroscopy of arenes is described. From a data base of 15,255 signals we have computed several hundred of thesestatistical SCS values (SSCS values), and interaction factors for many common pairs of groups. Some interaction factors for 1,2,3-substitution are also reported. When these SSCS values and interaction factors are used to predict the signal position they are found to give a correlation coefficient of predicted verses observed values of 0.994 with a standard deviation of 1.5 ppm.     

13C NMR spectra and the structure of dithizone

The structural characteristics of dithizone in the solid state and in solution were studied by a high-resolution¹³C NMR method. A highly symmetrical structure of dithizone was established in the crystalline state, and it was suggested that it exhibits dual behavior in complexation reactions with metal ions.V. I. Vernadskii Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117975 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 113–117, January, 1992.     

Oxidation of C-labeled ethyl linoleate monitored and quantitatively analyzed by C NMR

The oxidation of ¹³C-labeled ethyl linoleate (¹³C-EL), a model compound for alkyd resins, was investigated by ¹³C NMR in the presence of Co(II)-2-ethylhexanoate (Co-EH), Mn(acac)₃ (acac = acetylacetonate), and Mn(acac)₃ in combination with 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy), respectively. The use of ¹³C-EL allows us, in an unprecedented way, to reveal the individual evolution of hydroperoxides (ROOH) and peroxy (ROOR) links by ¹³C NMR and to quantify the oxidation intermediates during the oxidation. Mn(acac)₃ appeared to be less effective in decomposing ROOH than Co-EH and the Mn(acac)₃/bpy combination. Quantitative analyses were attempted for a few major ¹³C peaks.     

Structural and spectral studies of 3-(2-hydroxyphenylimino)-1-phenylbutan-1-one and its diorganotin(IV) complexes

Two diorganotin(IV) complexes of the general formula R₂Sn[Ph(O)CCH-C(Me)N-C₆H₄(O)] (R = Ph, 1a; R = Me, 1b) have been synthesized from the corresponding diorganotin(IV) dichlorides and the ligand, 3-(2-hydroxyphenylimino)-1-phenylbutan-1-one (1) in methanol at room temperature in presence of triethylamine. Both compounds have been characterized by elemental analyses, IR and ¹H, ¹³C, ¹⁵N, ¹¹⁹Sn NMR spectra. The structures of the free ligand and the complexes have been confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. There are three independent molecules in the crystal structure of the ligand 1 and in all three the O-bound proton is transferred to the imine nitrogen and makes an intramolecular N-H?O hydrogen bond with the carbonyl oxygen. In turn this makes an intermolecular hydrogen bond with the phenolic H atom. The crystal structure of 1 is trigonal and a new polymorph; triclinic and monoclinic forms have already been published. In 1a, the central tin atom adopts distorted trigonal-bipyramidal coordination geometry whereas in dimeric 1b it is distorted octahedral when including the intermolecular Sn-O(phenolic) bond [2.7998(20) Å]. The δ (¹¹⁹Sn) values for the complexes 1a and 1b are −306.6 and −127.9 ppm, respectively, thus indicating penta-coordinated Sn centres in solution.     

Polymerization Reactions in an Al(OBus)3-(COOH)2 System

Reactions in an Al(OBu^s)₃-(COOH)₂ (OA)-tetrahydrofuran (THF)/(CD₃)₂SO (DMSO-d₆) system (Al(OBu^s)₃: THF : DMSO-d₆: OA = 1 : 5 : 5 : x, x = 0.01 –3) were studied, without the addition of water and the process was monitored by NMR. When x 0.3, homogeneous solutions were obtained, whereas white precipitates formed with x 0.7. The formation of sec-butyl alcohol was evident with x 0.6, indicating that oxalate groups coordinate to aluminum to release sec-butyl alcohol. ¹³C NMR spectra of the solutions after 1 day suggest the presence of polymeric species if 0.03 x 0.6. The addition of a small amount of water resulted in the formation of a white precipitate (Al(OBu^s)₃: THF : DMSO-d₆ : OA : H₂O = 1 : 5 : 5 : 0.3 : y,y = 0.03–0.3), indicating that water, possibly formed by esterification in the Al(OBu^s)₃-OA-THF/DMSO-d₆ system, does not take a major role in the present system.     

1-(1-Adamantyl)diaziridine

The reaction of 1-aminoadamantane with CH₂O and H₂NOSO₃H in the presence of K₂CO₃ under phase-transfer conditions leads to hitherto unknown 1-(1-adamantyl)diaziridine and (1-adamantyl)aminoacetonitrile, characterized by spectral data. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 4, pp. 861–862, April, 1997.     

13C NMR spectra of azolopyridines and their quaternary salts

¹³ C NMR spectra of some azole series have been investigated: 2-pyridylbenzimidazoles, 2-pyridylimidazo [4,5-b]-pyridines, 2-pyridylimidazo[4,5-c]-pyridines, analogous oxazole compounds, as well as their mono- and bisquaternary salts. Some problems, related to the structure of these compounds in solution, have been discussed.V. I. Vernadskii Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117975. Torino University, Italy. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 4, pp. 866–872, April, 1992.