皮秒激光瞬态受激喇曼散射的实验研究

本文采用对撞脉冲锁模Nd:YAG激光器输出10ps脉冲串,经KTP非线性晶体腔外倍频,泵浦喇曼介质为二甲亚砜(DMSO)液体.实验研究了不同透镜焦长、焦点位置及不同喇曼介质氏度对瞬态受激喇曼散射的影响,获得了能量转换效率分别为45.6%和10.5%的前、后向一阶斯托克斯-喇曼散射光,并对实验结果进行了讨论.     

Superradiance and Raman scattering in three-level molecular system

A model is presented for the dynamics of superradiance, coherent and stimulated Raman scattering from an optically pumped three-level system. The evolution of the pumping and two counterpropagating waves in the adjacent transition are taken into account. The results of computer simulation show that by specifying the pumping pulse area, and active medium length and pressure we can control the parameters of the pulses in the adjacent transition. The possibilities of observing coherent Raman scattering dynamics, which are significantly different from that for stimulated Raman scattering, are shown. The results of simulation show that for the ultrashort pumping pulse the superradiative emission in the backward direction is formed within the coherence length near the entrance plane of the active medium.     

Generation of three-primary-color Raman comb in the continuous-wave regime

We demonstrate the generation of continuous-wave Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman sidebands including the three-primary-color (683, 532, and 436 nm) components. The Raman sidebands are generated through both stimulated and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering in a broadband high-finesse optical cavity filled with gas-phase hydrogen as a Raman-active medium and covering the entire visible spectral range (420–680 nm). The blue emission is considerably enhanced by matching the frequency with one of the longitudinal modes of the optical cavity, and high conversion efficiencies are observed when the coherent length corresponds to an integral multiple of the round-trip length of the optical cavity. This indicates that phase-matching plays a critical role in determining the efficiency of the Raman comb generation.     

波长锁定878.9nm激光二极管抽运内腔式YVO_4/BaWO_4连续波拉曼激光器

采用波长锁定878.9 nm激光二极管共振抽运复合Nd:YV04激光晶体,改善热效应的同时提高抽运吸收率,分别以YVO_4和BaWO_4晶体作为拉曼介质,实验和理论研究了晶体性能、谐振腔结构和稳定性对内腔分体式连续波拉曼激光器性能的影响.结果表明:由于内腔分体式拉曼激光器腔长较长,谐振腔稳定性对激光器性能影响较大,选择高增益的拉曼晶体,不仅可获得高拉曼转换效率,还能一定程度上减轻热效应.而平凹腔结构中输出镜的曲率半径越小,拉曼晶体中基频光的功率密度越大,腔的动态稳定区越宽,获得的拉曼激光输出功率更高.最终以30 mm的BaWO_4晶体作为拉曼介质,在抽运功率25.1 W时,获得了3.02 W的连续拉曼激光输出,光-光转换效率达到12%.     

Slow-light spatial solitons

We numerically and experimentally report the observation of slow-light spatial solitons in a Kerr medium owing to light amplification by stimulated Raman scattering. This was achieved in a CS2 nonlinear planar waveguide that possesses both a strong self-focusing nonlinearity to generate the spatial Raman soliton and a Raman susceptibility sharp enough to induce the slow-light process simultaneously. We show that the Raman Stokes component is optically delayed by more than 120 ps for a 140 ps Raman pulse duration and only 3 cm of propagation length, while propagating as a spatial soliton beam.     

Cascaded compression of the first and second Stokes pulses during forward transient stimulated Raman amplification

The results of numerical modelling of cascaded compression of the first and second Stokes pulses during regenerative regime of the forward transient stimulated Raman amplification are presented for the case when the walk-off length of the first Stokes pulse due to group velocity mismatch is shorter than the length of the nonlinear medium. The influence of the initial amplitudes of the seed first Stokes pulses, its durations and its time delay with respect to the pump pulse, the Kerr nonlinearity of the medium on the conversion efficiency, duration and propagation factor M² of the first and second Stokes pulse are studied. It is demonstrated that for the pump pulse duration of 1 ps the duration of the compressed second Stokes pulses in a KGW crystal near the beam axis may be approximately 14 times shorter than the pump pulse duration. It is shown that the propagation factor of the compressed pulses increases significantly because of complex spatial-temporal dynamics of compression and the influence of Kerr nonlinearity of Raman medium.     

拉曼增强型自相位调制再生技术

自相位调制可用于信号脉冲的整形,可实现归零码(RZ)信号的再生。以高非线性光纤(HNLF)为介质,在高非线性光纤中实现了拉曼集总放大和信号脉冲的自相位调制。从理论上分析了同向拉曼泵浦增强信号的自相位调制,大大降低了所需的信号光强度。论证了在色散长度(LD)远大于HNLF长度(L)时由自相位调制(SPM)导致的频谱展宽,它与脉冲的啁啾无关,频谱的功率密度与脉冲的强度无关。因此在高非线性光纤之后加入偏移载波频率的带通滤波器可实现归零码信号的再生。集中拉曼放大可增强再生性能。     

双重瑞利散射导致的多路干涉噪声对光纤喇曼放大器噪声系数的影响

在没有对喇曼增益分布做任何假设的情况下,利用所推导的光纤喇曼放大器噪声系数的解析表达式,研究了不同光纤长度、不同信号输入功率、不同增益、不同瑞利散射下双重瑞利散射导致的多路干涉噪声对喇曼放大器噪声系数的影响.结果表明随着光纤长度,信号输入功率、喇曼增益和瑞利散射的增加,多路干涉噪声对噪声系数的劣化越严重.但通过合理的优化光纤长度、控制喇曼增益可以取得噪声和增益间的最佳平衡.     

样品吸收对光纤共振拉曼光谱强度的影响

在液芯光纤内产生共振拉曼效应，拉曼光谱强度可以提高１０＾９倍，样品吸收峰及浓度都影响拉曼光谱强度。样品浓度决定光纤的最佳长度。     

Broadband adiabatic conversion of light polarization

A broadband technique for robust adiabatic rotation and conversion of light polarization is proposed. It uses the analogy between the equation describing the polarization state of light propagating through an optically anisotropic medium and the Schrödinger equation describing coherent laser excitation of a three-state atom. The proposed technique is analogous to the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) technique in quantum optics; it is applicable to a wide range of frequencies and it is robust to variations in the propagation length and the rotary power.     

Numerical optimization of the extracavity Raman laser with barium nitrate crystal

The radiation transfer equations of the extracavity Raman laser including up to the third Stokes beams and backward Raman scattering terms were deduced in detail from the wave equation and material equations of stimulated Raman scattering. The radiation transfer equations were solved numerically to optimize the performance of the extracavity Raman lasers with barium nitrate crystal as the nonlinear medium. The optimum reflectivity of the output coupler at the first Stokes was figured out numerically to achieve the maximum conversion efficiency of the first Stokes, and found to be closely related to the pump pulse duration, peak intensity of the pump pulse, and Raman crystal length. With the resonator mirrors highly reflective at the first Stokes, the highest conversion efficiency of the second Stokes was obtained when the input mirror was highly reflective at second Stokes, whereas the output coupler was highly transmissive at the second Stokes. It was found that too high intracavity intensity of the second Stokes would impede the efficient energy extraction from the pump pulse to the first Stokes, and consequently, limit the conversion efficiency of the second Stokes.     

Influence of Length of Opposing bi-Au Cone-Tips and Different Environment on Field Enhancement in Feed Gap

Electric field enhancement distributions encountered in feed gap of opposing bi-Au cone-tips is studied using a frequency-domain three-dimensional finite element method to solve Maxwell＇s equations of electric field distributions. Both the influences of cone-tip length and surrounding medium on electric field enhancement are investigated. The maximal enhancement value is discussed in terms of a simple physical model based on a standing wave on the tip surface associated with the antenna effect and surface plasmon. Simulated results demonstrate the enhancement is sensitive to the tip length. By selecting a suitably matched scale according to the incident wavelength, a large enhancement value can be observed within a small focused spot between the opposing tips permitting a high spatial resolution. The relative position of the opposing tips is also found for the optimum enhancement. All of the results suggest that our configuration is suitable for the site-specific Raman spectroscopic analysis at nanoscale.     

Raman scattering by two-phonons and fractons in irradiated GaAs

The second-order transverse acoustic mode and amorphous Raman modes, originating from a continuous random network and medium range ordering (MRO), in high energy light ion (HELI) irradiated GaAs are investigated. The change in the phonon density of states of the transverse acoustic mode phonon distinguishes the effect of HELI irradiation on highly resistive undoped and chromium-doped GaAs. The boson mode, originating from the MRO of the system, has been identified and a model based on phonon-fracton scattering has been used for the explanation of this “boson mode”. The spectral dimension, correlation length and the scaling factor, with which the elastic constant varies with length in MRO regions in GaAs, are estimated.     

Simulation analysis of crosstalk among channels with fiber Raman amplifiers at 10 Gb/s

We have investigated the effects of crosstalk in fiber Raman amplifiers (FRAs) by propagating signals through the Raman fiber. We have observed that quality factor reduces for lesser channel spacing. We have able to propagate the signals in two channels with spacing of 20 GHz and quality factor above 25 dB was obtained. The effect of signal input power and injected pump power on crosstalk and signal interference ratio (SIR) has analyzed. It is observed that the signal gain and the injected pump power should be limited to the value well below the threshold of Raman amplification to ensure small crosstalk and high SIR. The effect of Raman fiber length on crosstalk is also studied and it is observed that for high values of Raman fiber length, SIR reduces considerably.     

基于多峰高斯拟合的分布式拉曼测温系统设计与应用

针对温感区域长度小于空间分辨率导致温度测量不准确的问题,提出一种多点温度校正方案,并介绍了一种可应用于中小尺度剖面温度分布测量的装置和方法。采用基于多峰高斯拟合的方案,实现了多个测量不准确温度点的同时校正,提高了系统的温度准确度,设计了分布式拉曼测温系统样机,通过将光纤部分缠绕在PPR管上实现了中小尺度剖面温度分布测量。实验装置使2 m和1.5 m温感区域的测量准确度提高到1℃;测得冬季黄河万家寨水库冰盖厚度约为42.33 cm,与人工测量结果相差约为1.67 cm;测得36 m深河水剖面的温度约在0.32℃～0.90℃范围内波动。实验结果表明,采用该分布式拉曼测温系统能够在野外大范围监测河道流水剖面的温度分布。     

内腔拉曼频移激光器输出光束参量计算

从理论上讨论了内腔拉曼频移激光器输出光束的腰斑大小和位置。首先从矩阵光学出发求出拉曼介质中抽运基频场的光束参量；然后根据Ibison的匹配模理论求出拉曼介质中的斯托克斯参量；最后通过出射光学系统传递矩阵的变换，求出出射拉曼频移光束的参量。为拉曼频移激光器的设计提供了依据。     

1410 nm波段分布式光纤拉曼增益放大器的研究

讨论了分布式光纤拉曼增益放大器的工作原理,采用1320nm固体激光器作为抽运源,获得了1410nm波段附近的光放大,在单模GI光纤长度为23km时,初步研究了拉曼放大器增益与光纤作用长度的关系,抽运脉冲峰值功率分别为50W、30W时,光纤的有效作用长度分别为15．5km和10.5km;研究了在不同的光纤有效作用长度时,拉曼放大器增益与抽运功率的关系;从光纤拉曼光谱图估算了光纤拉曼放大器的光谱宽度为50nm或250cm^-1。     

Solid-core photonic crystal fiber as a Raman spectroscopy platform with a silica core as an internal reference

We show that solid-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is a promising platform for evanescent-field Raman spectroscopy of low-volume analytes. The Raman peak ratio of a silica core as a background to acetonitrile solution as analyte contained in the air holes maintains a constant value despite varying laser power and fiber length in a set of measurements. The Raman signal from the silica core can be used to eliminate the need to account for the coupling losses. These results demonstrate the feasibility of quantitative measurements using PCF as a Raman platform with silica as an internal reference. In addition, integrated Raman intensity increases with the length of the PCF due to long path length of light.     

高压H2受激喇曼散射的阈值与能量转换效

我们着重研究了高压H₂气Q(1)振动跃迁(4155cm^-1)受激喇曼散射(SRS)中,参与非线性相互作用的几个参数(介质分子密度、跃迁线宽、泵浦光子密度以及非线性作用长度)对受激阈值与能量转换效率的影响。给出了自零到24atmH₂气压范围内阈值随H₂气压变化的实验结果,它与根据Dicke-Doppler展宽和碰撞展宽的联合效应的分析是一致的。讨论了由于受激喇曼过程(SRP)和四波混频参量过程(FWPP)共同影响下能量转换效率、压力-色散效应对高阶反斯托克斯的能量输出的重要影响。 关键词：