硅氮烷的合成与应用研究进展

硅氮烷根据原料以及合成方法的不同可分为链硅氮烷、环硅氮烷、聚硅氮烷等. 有机硅氮化合物由于其含有的硅氮键、氮氢键的独特性质, 在陶瓷前驱体制备、耐热材料的制备、辉光放电反应、高效液相色谱等方面有了越来越重要的应用.介绍了硅氮烷的一些最新合成与应用研究进展.     

星形聚硅氧烷的热稳定性研究和结构表征

含六苯基环三硅氮烷 (P3N)的聚硅氧烷的低温性能与普通聚硅氧烷相当 .35 0℃ ,封闭氮气中老化2 4h后 ,含P3N 聚硅氧烷的热失重比普通聚硅氧烷低 4～ 10倍 ,随聚合物含氮量增加 ,其失重呈下降趋势 ,最低失重为 1 1% .六苯基环三硅氮烷三锂盐 (P3NLi)引发环硅氧烷聚合得到的含P3N 聚硅氧烷的2 9Si NMR谱、IR谱和分子量 (GPC)与特性粘数的关系证明其具有星形结构     

胺源对“一锅法”合成聚硼硅氮烷结构及性能的影响

以六甲基二硅氮烷(MM^N)、四甲基二乙烯基二硅氮烷(MM^NVi)和四甲基二硅氮烷(MM^NH) 3种不同结构的二硅氮烷为胺源,通过与氯硅烷和三氯化硼反应,制备出具有不同封端结构的聚硼硅氮烷.其中,以MM^N、MM^NVi为胺源可获得液态产物;以MM^NH为胺源时,因合成过程中发生活性基团间的过度交联导致产物凝胶.采用核磁共振波谱仪、红外光谱仪对液态前驱体聚合物及其热解产物的结构进行了表征.研究结果表明：通过“一锅法”制备的液态聚硼硅氮烷主链具有较多的支化和环状结构,随着封端结构中乙烯基含量的增加,所得前驱体的固化温度降低,固化反应活化能降低.与以MM^N为胺源和封端剂合成的聚硼硅氮烷相比,以MM^NVi为胺源所得前驱体固化前后陶瓷产率分别提高了14.9%及8.1%.并且,通过改变胺源的种类和比例可以调节热解产物的元素组成,合成的液态前驱体聚合物热解所得SiBCN陶瓷结晶温度高于1700℃.     

聚硼硅氮烷陶瓷前驱体分子结构设计和合成*

聚硼硅氮烷是制备高性能硅硼 碳氮（SiBCN）复相陶瓷的主要聚合物前驱体,在耐高温、抗氧化高性能陶瓷领域中具有重要的研究价值。本文分4个方面,即基于硼吖嗪的聚硼硅氮烷、侧基含有环硼氮烷或单硼烷的聚硼硅氮烷、基于多官能硼烷构筑的聚硅氮烷和含硼聚硅基碳化二亚胺,从聚硼硅氮烷分子结构设计、改性、合成及在多维尺寸材料中初步应用的角度综述了该领域国内外研究的新进展,指出了聚硼硅氮烷陶瓷前驱体设计合成研究发展中值得关注的新方向。     

紫外光引发硅氢加成反应制备超支化聚碳硅氮烷

在二乙酰丙酮铂存在下, 以紫外光引发AB4型单体双(N,N-二烯丙基胺基)甲基硅烷发生硅氢加成反应, 制备了超支化聚碳硅氮烷. 聚合产物通过FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR和29Si NMR谱和体积排除色谱/激光光散射联用技术进行表征. 与常规加热条件下Karstedt's催化剂催化的硅氢加成聚合相比, 光引发聚合的反应速度快. 波谱分析表明, 聚合过程中以α位硅氢加成反应为主. 光引发聚合制备的超支化聚碳硅氮烷支化度(DB)和平均支化数(ANB)分别为0.46和0.53, 与理论值相近. 其重均分子量为12500 g/mol, 分子量分布系数为2.1, Mark-Houwink方程指数α为0.44, 与热聚合制备的超支化聚碳硅氮烷的参数相近.     

聚硅氮烷在氨气中的裂解研究

聚硅氮烷在氨气中的裂解研究胡海峰陈朝辉冯春祥张长瑞宋永才（国防科技大学五系长沙４１００７３）关键词聚硅氮烷，氨气气氛，裂解机理先驱体转化法是制备陶瓷的一种独特方法，但裂解产物往往偏离化学稳定相组成，尤其是硅氮烷裂解后氮含量不足影响了材料的高温性能．...     

主链含环三硅氮烷的聚硅氧烷的合成——环硅氮阴离子引发环硅氧烷开环聚合

在极性溶剂中合成了六苯基环三硅氮烷锂盐（Ｐ３ＮＬｉ） ．在促进剂的作用下,此锂盐成功地引发了环硅氧烷的开环聚合．通过对聚合物的含氮量、１Ｈ ＮＭＲ、２９Ｓｉ ＮＭＲ 谱的测试,结果证明所得到的聚合物中含有六苯基环三硅氮烷,并研究了聚合物的分子量（ＧＰＣ） 与特性粘数的关系．     

环硅氮烷的合成与应用研究进展(1)——环二硅氮烷

环二硅氮烷是有机硅氮化合物中结构与性能比较特殊的一类化合物,在材料化学及配位化学领域有重要的潜在应用前景.综述了近年来环二硅氮烷的合成方法与应用研究进展.在合成方面,主要分为3条路线,分别由环三硅氮烷锂盐、取代硅胺及六氯化二硅为起始物.在应用领域,介绍了环二硅氮烷的离子开环聚合、等离子聚合、与其它单体的共聚、水解和金属配合物的制备及其在陶瓷、粘合剂和预想的催化剂上的应用.     

1，4，7，10－四氮杂环十三烷的改良合成

报道了用１，３－丙二醇二对甲苯磺酸酯和Ｎ，Ｎ′，Ｎ″，Ｎ－四（对甲苯磺酰基）三乙撑四胺经环化、硫酸水解等步骤合成１，４，７，１０－四氮杂环十三烷的新途径     

硅氮烷添加剂的水解稳定性对硅橡胶热稳定性的影响

采用一种新的方法研究了硅氮烷水解反应的动力学规律 ,根据实验数据测出硅氮烷水解速率对硅氮烷的浓度符合一级动力学关系 .计算出了几种硅氮化合物与水蒸气反应的表观活化能 ,结果表明硅氮烷的结构与其水解反应的表观活化能有密切的关系 .硅原子或氮原子上带有较大空间位阻的基团后 ,其水解稳定性提高 .其中六苯基环三硅氮烷 4的水解表观活化能为 2 14kJ mol,而苯基硅氮聚合物 5的水解表观活化能更达到 2 91 3kJ mol.添加到硅橡胶中的硅氮化合物水解表观活化能越大 ,即水解稳定性越高 ,其改进硅橡胶热稳定性的效果越好 .将 4和 5添加到硅橡胶生胶中 ,35 0℃下老化 2 4h的热失重分别为 0 96 %和 0 6 % .     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.