PTW对PA1010/PP共混物的增容作用

为了增加聚酰胺1010/聚丙烯(PA1010/PP)共混物的相容性,提高共混物的力学性能,采用一种新型的反应型增容剂乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯共聚物(PTW)进行增容,通过扫描电镜(SEM)、力学性能、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和差示扫描量热(DSC)测试,研究了PTW对PA1010/PP共混物的增容作用.结果表明,随着PTW的加入,共混物的相区尺寸明显变小,当PA1010/PP/PTW质量比为70∶30∶7时,分散相尺寸细小而均匀,表明PTW有较好的增容作用.FTIR结果表明,PTW上的环氧基团和PA1010在熔融共混中发生了化学反应.DSC研究结果表明,PA1010的结晶温度随PTW的加入而降低,说明PTW对PA1010结晶有抑制作用.另外,PTW的加入使PP的结晶温度下降,当PTW质量分数为5%时出现2个结晶峰,即出现异相成核结晶和均相成核结晶,PP均相成核结晶的出现从另一个方面说明,在PA1010基体中分散相PP尺寸非常细小.当PTW质量分数为7%时共混物的力学性能最佳,干态冲击强度达到13.93kJ/m2,是未加增容剂时的2倍,拉伸和弯曲性能基本不变.PTW的增容机理在于其分子链中的甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯能与PA1010发生化学反应,而乙烯链段与PP有较好的亲和性,从而降低界面张力,减少相区尺寸,大幅度提高力学性能.     

剪切作用下马来酸酐接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物和乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯共聚物对PA1010/PP共混物的增容作用比较

采用熔体共混的方法制备了两种增容剂增容的聚酰胺1010/聚丙烯(PA1010/PP)共混物,通过扫描电镜(SEM)、力学性能和差示扫描量热(DSC)测试,对动态保压注射成型(动态)和普通注射成型(静态)中增容剂POE-g-MAH(马来酸酐接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物)和PTW(乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯共聚物)对PA1010/PP共混物的增容作用进行了比较研究.研究结果表明,普通注射成型中,PTW增容体系具有更小的分散相粒子,在DSC测试中出现两个结晶峰,即出现异相成核结晶和均相成核结晶,具有更好的拉伸和冲击性能,增容作用更佳.动态保压注射成型中施加剪切可以提高所有共混物的拉伸强度、拉伸模量和缺口冲击强度,PTW和POE-g-MAH两种增容剂增容体系冲击性能相近,但POE-g-MAH增容体系的分散相相区尺寸减小明显、分布均匀性显著增加,材料冲击强度增加幅度更大,表明剪切更有利于POE-g-MAH增容作用的进行.两种增容剂增容作用的不同源于它们化学组成的不同引起的材料形态差别.     

PP/PP-g-MAH/PA6共混物结构与可纺性研究

运用DSC、SEM、纺丝成形等手段研究了增容剂聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐 (PP g MAH)对聚丙烯 聚酰胺 6(PP PA6 )共混物结构和性能的影响 .结果表明 ,共混物呈典型海岛型两相结构 ;增容剂PP g MAH与PA6之间的在位反应改善了PP PA6共混体系的相容性 ,使共混物中PA6的热结晶峰消失 ,PP的结晶生长速率和成核速率降低 ,可纺性提高     

侧链液晶离聚物对PA1010/PP共混体系的增容作用

将聚酰胺（PA1010）、聚丙烯（PP）和热致型侧链液晶离聚物（SLCI）进行熔融共混，采用FTIR，SEM，DSC，WAXD研究测定了共混物中的相互作用，用形态结构，热行为和结晶行为，系统地研究了SLCI对PA101／PP共混物的增容作用。结果表明，SLCI有效地改善了PA1010／PP共混物的形态结构，增强了PA1010与PP链间的相互作用，使PA1010／PP熔点升高，结晶度提高。     

马来酸酐接枝热塑性弹性体在PP/PA6共混物中的作用

研究了马来酸酐接枝热塑性弹性体 (TPEg )作为增容剂对聚丙烯 (PP) 尼龙 6 (PA6 )共混体系的相容性、相态以及物理力学性能的影响 .研究结果表明TPEg的加入大大改善了PP PA6共混体系的相容性 ,且随TPEg含量的增大分散相粒径明显降低 ,共混物的韧性以及延展性大大提高 ,同时拉伸强度及模量仍保持较好的水平 .TPEg增容的PP PA6共混物的非等温结晶行为的研究表明 ,共混物中PP和PA6的结晶行为不同于各自纯的聚合物 ,PA6作为成核剂使PP的结晶温度提高 ;而PA6由于TPEg的加入 ,出现分级结晶现象 ,一级结晶温度略低于纯PA6的结晶温度 ,且随TPEg含量增大结晶受阻 ,二级结晶温度与PP的接近 .由于PP、PA 6以及TPEg之间存在较强的相互作用 ,三元共混物中PP及PA6的玻璃化转变温度分别较其纯聚合物升高 .基于上述结果 ,提出了本共混体系的结构模型     

SEP对PP/PS共混物的增容作用

研究了苯乙烯 -乙烯 /丙烯二嵌段共聚物 (SEP)对聚丙烯 /聚苯乙烯 (PP/PS)共混物的形态和力学性能的影响。结果表明 ,SEP在PP/PS共混物中作为增容剂 ,降低了分散相的聚结 ,减小了分散相的平均粒子尺寸 ,大大改变了共混物的形态 ,提高了共混物的力学性能 ,对PP/PS( 2 0 /80 )共混物的增容作用较为显著     

SMA/蒙脱石纳米复合材料增容PA6/ABS共混体系

采用原位插层法制备苯乙烯-马来酸酐交替共聚物/蒙脱石(SMA/MMT)纳米复合材料增容PA6/ABS共混体系,并与SMA及MMT的增容效果进行比较,运用TEM、SEM、DSC及XRD研究了增容剂SMA/MMT及MMT的增容机理.结果表明,采用SMA做增容剂,体系机械性能下降;MMT可使体系拉伸强度提高,但冲击强度下降;采用SMA/MMT纳米复合材料做为增容剂,可提高共混体系的强度及韧性.TEM、XRD、DSC及SEM研究结果表明,PA6/ABS/(SMA-MMT)体系中MMT主要分布于两相界面处,ABS及PA6分子链可进入MMT层间,形成类似于共聚物结构,起到增容剂的作用,从而降低分散相粒径,增加两相界面作用力,有利于体系力学性能的提高.PA6/ABS/MMT体系中MMT主要分布于连续相PA6中,虽然对分散相粒径影响较小,但增强了PA6相强度,使得体系力学性能提高.     

多单体接枝聚丙烯对PBT/PP共混体系的形态结构及力学性能影响研究

研究了甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯 (GMA)和苯乙烯 (St)多单体熔融接枝聚丙烯 (PP g (GMA co St) )对聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯 (PBT) 聚丙烯 (PP)共混物的形态结构和力学性能的影响 .利用双螺杆挤出机对PBT PP合金进行共混挤出 ,使用DSC、FT IR和SEM、TEM等手段对共混物进行了分析和相形态观察 ,并测试了力学性能 .实验证明 ,熔融共混过程中PP g (GMA co St)的环氧基团可以与PBT的端羧基发生化学反应 ,就地生成了PBT g PP共聚物 ,该共聚物可对PBT PP合金起到良好的增容剂作用 ,使共混物的相区尺寸显著减小 ,共混物的拉伸强度和冲击强度等力学性能同时得到明显改善 ,达到了弹性体系或小分子增容所难以达到的力学性能平衡的效果 .此外 ,TEM的研究还在PBT PP g (GMA co St)共混物中发现了特殊的微相分离结构     

PP/POE共混物的P-V-T属性及压力对结晶温度的影响

采用PVT膨胀仪研究了PP/POE共混物的P-V-T属性, 利用Tait方程预测其比容和热膨胀系数(α), 研究了压力对结晶温度(Tc)的影响. 结果表明, Tait状态方程可用来预测部分相容的、半结晶PP/POE共混物的PVT行为. PP结晶前后的比容变化比POE的大得多, 随着POE含量的增加, PP/POE共混物结晶前后比容的变化均逐渐减小. PP在熔融状态下的α比固体状态的大, 而POE正好相反. PP/POE共混物的α随温度和压力的变化与其组成密切相关. 随着压力的增高, PP, POE及其PP/POE共混物的结晶温度均呈线性增高的趋势.     

PP/PMMA/PP-g-MAH共混物的结晶和相形态研究

采用偏光显微镜和相差显微镜详细研究PP/PMMA不相容聚合物共混物体系和PP/PMMA/PP-g-PMMA增容共混体系的结晶和相形态.偏光显微照片的研究结果表明,增容剂PP-g-MAH中PP结晶需要克服更多的能垒,导致PP结晶形态变得不完善,球晶尺寸变小.比较PP/PMMA和PP/PMMA/PP-g-MAH的相差显微照片可以看出,由于增容剂的加入,PP与PMMA相之间的界面变得模糊,两相的相容性变好.随着PP-g-MAH中MAH接枝率的增加,PMMA分散相的尺寸减小且变得均匀;当增容剂的接枝率为2.41%,添加的质量分数为4.71%,PP/PMMA共混体系中PMMA分散相的相?尺寸可达最小.PP-g-MAH作为反应型增容剂,一方面与PP在界面区域产生共晶;另一方面,MAH极性基团与PMMA的极性基团间产生的强的化学键合作用,使得界面区域的PP-g-MAH分子采取有利于降低构象熵的构象来起到增容作用.PP/PMMA共混物在130℃等温结晶的结果显示,PMMA相对PP的结晶形态的影响较小,PP结晶呈现典型的均相成核特征.PP/PMMA共混体系中加入PP-g-MAH,PP结晶尺寸减少.与非等温结晶相比,等温结晶的PP/PMMA共混物中PMMA相区尺寸明显偏大.     

显微镜图像分析研究聚丙烯/尼龙1010共混物相结构及其性能

用扫描电子显微镜图像分析研究了聚丙烯/聚酰胺1010共混物及其部分相容体系的相形态结构,计算了表征相结构和尺寸的结构参数,如分散相的平均直径、平均弦长和分散相的质心相关距等.并分别讨论了聚丙烯/聚酰胺1010共混物及其部分相容体系的相形态以及其结构参数与共混物组成的关系.测定了聚合物及其共混物体系的力学性能,讨论了共混物组成与力学性能的关系.聚丙烯/聚酰胺1010共混物的拉伸模量与组成的关系较为复杂,但其部分相容体系的拉伸模量与组成呈线性关系.聚丙烯/聚酰胺1010及其共混物体系的屈服强度与共混物组成均呈线性关系.表征相结构的两相平均弦长比(l-1/-l2)与组成以及共混物体系力学性能与组成的关系,二者相似.同时讨论了体系力学性能随相尺寸等的变化规律.     

刚性粒子增韧尼龙1010体系的研究

采用扫描电镜和动态力学等研究了在磺化聚苯乙烯（ＨＳＰＳ）作用下，尼龙１０１０（ＰＡ１０１０）／聚苯乙烯（ＰＳ）共混物的形态及相容性。结果表明，ＨＳＰＳ的加入显著改善了ＰＳ与ＰＡ１０１０的相容性，加强了界面粘结，使共混物缺口冲击明显提高，实现了ＰＳ增韧ＰＡ１０１０的目标。偏光显微竟结盟表明，ＨＳＰＳ的加入对共混物中ＰＡ１０１０的结晶形态有明显影响，使ＰＡ１０１０球晶细化且不完善。     

Impact properties,phase structure,compatibility, and fracture morphology of polyamide‐1010/thermoplastic poly(ester urethane) elastomer blends

Blends of polyamide‐1010 (PA1010) and a thermoplastic poly(ester urethane) elastomer (TPU) were prepared by melt extrusion. The impact properties, phase structure, compatibility, and fracture morphology under impact were investigated for PA1010/TPU blends. The results indicated that TPU enhanced the impact strength of PA1010, and the best impact modification effect of the blends was obtained with 20 wt % TPU. The phase structure was investigated with scanning electron microscopy, and the compatibility was investigated with dynamic mechanical analysis and small‐angle X‐ray scattering. The study of the fracture morphology of PA1010/TPU blends indicated that the fracture surface of the blends had special features, consisting of many fibrillar elastomer particles and a conglutination–multilayer structure, as well as many small tubers on this structure. These fracture phenomena could not be found on the fracture surface of pure PA1010. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 1177–1185, 2005     

Crystallization Kinetics and Melting Behavior of PA1010/Ether-based TPU Blends

Polyamide 1010(PA1010)/thermoplastic poly(ether urethane) elastomer(ether-based TPU) blends were prepared via melt extrusion. The crystallization kinetics and melting behavior of PA1010/ether-based TPU blends were systematically investigated using differential scanning calorimetry. The crystallization kinetics results show that the addition of ether-based TPU hinders the crystallization of PA1010, and the hindrance effect increases with the increase of the concentration of ether-based TPU. Both pure PA1010 and PA1010/ether-based TPU blends exhibit double melting peaks in the process of nonisothermal crystallization. The double melting peaks change differently with the variation of cooling rate and blend composition. The cooling rate only influences the lower melting peak; however, the blend composition influences not only the lower melting peak but also the higher melting peak. The reason for the phenomenon must be the interaction between the two compositions.     

Investigations on structure and properties of blends of polypropylene with polyamide 1010 by Rayleigh scattering

The phase structure and morphology of polypropylene （iPP） blends with poly（decamethylene sebacamide （polyamide 1010, PA 1010） and the part-compatible alloys （iPP/PA 1010/iPP-g-MAH） are investigated by Rayleigh scattering, i.e. small angle light scattering （SALS）. The structure parameters of SALS, i.e. correlation distance, ac and average chord lengths, /, are calculated. Their variation with the composition of the blends and alloys is discussed. The morphology and structure of fracture surfaces in the blends and alloys are studied by SEM images. The average diameter of dispersed phase in the blends and alloys is calculated by graph processing. The variation of average diameter is similar as that of average chord lengths of dispersed phases. The mechanical properties of the blends and alloys are analyzed and the relation of modulus and yield stress with the composition is studied. It is confirmed that the correlation between the modulus and the structure parameters is non-linear, while the correlation between the yield stress and the composition or structure parameters is linear.     

Effect of maleic anhydride-grafted ethylene-propylene rubber on the mechanical, rheological and morphological properties of organoclay reinforced polyamide 6/polypropylene nanocomposites

Polyamide 6/polypropylene (PA6/PP = 70/30 parts) blends containing 4 phr (parts per hundred resin) of organophilic modified montmorillonite (organoclay) were compatibilized with maleic anhydride-grafted ethylene-propylene rubber (EPRgMA). The blends were melt compounded in twin screw extruder followed by injection molding. The mechanical properties of PA6/PP nanocomposites were studied by tensile and flexural tests. The microstructure of the nanocomposite were assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The dynamic mechanical properties of the PA6/PP blend-based nanocomposites were analyzed by using a dynamic mechanical thermal analyzer (DMTA). The rheological properties were conducted from plate/plate rheometry via dynamic frequency sweep scans. The melt viscosity in a high shear rate region was performed by using a capillary rheometer. The strength and stiffness of the PA6/PP-based nanocomposites were improved significantly with the incorporation of EPRgMA. Adding EPRgMA to the PA6/PP blends resulted in a finer dispersion of the PP phase. TEM and XRD results revealed that the organoclay was dispersed more homogeneously in the presence of EPRgMA, however, mostly in the PA6 phase of the blends. DMTA results showed that EPRgMA worked as an effective compatibilizer. The storage (G′) and loss moduli (G″) assessed by plate/plate rheometry of PA6/PP blends increased with the incorporation of EPRgMA and organoclay. Furthermore, the apparent shear viscosity of the PA6/PP blend increased significantly for the EPRgMA compatibilized PA6/PP/organoclay nanocomposite. This was traced to the formation of an interphase between PA6 and PP (via PA6-g-EPR) and effective intercalation/exfoliation of the organoclay.