有机场效应晶体管和分子电子学研究进展

近几年来,有机场效应晶体管在材料和器件方面都取得了长足的进展,成为分子电子学的一个重要方向。本文从有机半导体材料设计、有机半导体器件的构筑、单分子电子器件和纳米管在电子器件中的应用等方面,简单综述了有机场效应晶体管和分子电子学的最新研究进展。     

具有感知功能的有机场效应晶体管研究进展

伴随着光电子学不断向智能化方向演化,发展具有感知功能的有机光电材料与器件成为重要的交叉前沿方向.有机场效应晶体管通过电场调控半导体分子的导电状态,不但能够结合电子开关功能构建本征柔性的逻辑与驱动电路,还可以结合多功能分子的设计与界面调控,制备具有化学/生物/物理信号传感、突触功能和适应功能的电子器件.过去十年,具有感知功能的有机晶体管研究日趋受到关注并取得快速发展.本文从有机半导体的分子设计、界面修饰、器件设计等方面概述有机场效应晶体管的感知功能化研究进展,重点介绍适应性有机晶体管方面的研究策略和发展现状,最后总结有机晶体管在感知功能研究方面的挑战与机遇.     

类皮肤超柔有机场效应晶体管研究进展

场效应晶体管是现代微电子产业最重要的基本元件之一,有机场效应晶体管具有柔性、质轻、可溶液加工、生物相容性好等突出优势,在软体机器人、植入设备、无感穿戴设备等类皮肤电子领域具有巨大的应用潜力.类皮肤超柔有机场效应晶体管能够与皮肤、假肢等三维静/动态表面实现共形贴合,在形变情况下保持稳定的电学性能,给予佩戴者最小的负担和最大的舒适度.降低厚度和杨氏模量将有效减小器件因形变产生的恢复力,是获得具有三维表面共形贴合能力的类皮肤超柔器件的主要策略.本文综述了超薄和可拉伸两种类皮肤超柔有机场效应晶体管的研究进展,并且展望了该领域的发展趋势.     

掺杂在有机场效应晶体管中的应用进展

有机场效应晶体管(OFETs)作为一种新型的电子器件,以其柔性、可大规模简单制备等优势获得了广泛的关注。 但是,OFETs面临着器件性能不足、调控手段复杂等问题。人们尝试使用掺杂对这些问题加以解决。 本文结合本课题组的相关工作,对掺杂技术在OFETs上的应用进行归纳、总结和展望。     

基于有机双层的双极性有机场效应晶体管研究进展

由双极性有机场效应晶体管(OFETs)制备的有机互补电路具有操作电压低、能耗低和成本低等优点,在有机互补电路方面有很大的应用前景,引起了科学家们极大的研究兴趣.同时具有高且匹配的空穴迁移率和电子迁移率的双极性有机半导体分子是制备高性能有机互补电路的必要条件之一,然而迄今为止该类双极性有机半导体分子的报道比较少,大部分双...     

有机场效应晶体管中给体-受体共聚物材料研究进展

自20世纪80年代至今,有机场效应晶体管(Organic field-effect transistor,OFET)的研究已经取得了很大的发展,目前可用于场效应晶体管的有机半导体材料已达数百种.经过30年的发展,有机场效应晶体管的迁移率从10-6~10-5cm2?V-1?s-1提高到12 cm2?V-1?s-1,增长了6个数量级,其性能已经超过了无定形性硅场效应晶体管(0.1~1 cm2?V-1?s-1).值得指出的是,目前该类高性能的材料几乎都是基于给体-受体(Donor-Acceptor,简称D-A)的共轭聚合物,它也被誉为第三代半导体材料.本文综述了近年来国内外D-A共聚物半导体材料的研究状况,对空穴传输型、双极传输型和电子传输型的D-A共聚物半导体材料进行了分类总结和评述,并对其设计思路,器件制备及性能做了详细介绍,总结了材料的化学结构与器件性能间的基本规律,为今后应用于有机场效应晶体管的给体-受体共聚物半导体材料提供设计思路.     

苯并噻吩类稠环化合物的合成及其在有机场效应晶体管中研究的进展

总结了苯并噻吩类稠环化合物半导体材料的最新研究进展,对其合成方法及结构与性能进行了归纳,介绍了它们在有机场效应晶体管中的应用,并对其研究和应用前景进行了展望。     

基于有机场效应晶体管的柔性传感器:材料、机制与应用

有机场效应晶体管是一种优良的传感器载体,具有丰富的传感机制和独特的电信号放大特性.有机半导体具有质量轻便、机械柔性、可溶液加工、分子结构可调等优点,适于制备低成本、大面积、多功能的柔性传感活性层.基于有机场效应晶体管的各类柔性传感器已经广泛应用于智能穿戴、电子皮肤、生物检测、环境保护等领域.本文总结了近年来柔性有机场效应晶体管传感器的研究进展,从材料、机制和应用三个层面出发,介绍有机半导体传感材料的设计原则、有机场效应晶体管的传感机制及其在化学、物理、生物领域的应用.最后,总结了有机场效应晶体管传感器的研究现状和现存问题,展望了有机场效应晶体管柔性传感器的未来发展方向.     

新型共轭聚合物的设计合成及其在场效应晶体管的应用

近年来,有机场效应晶体管(OFETs)由于在柔性器件和可穿戴电子学中的潜在应用受到了学术界和工业界的普遍关注,尤其是以聚合物半导体材料构筑的晶体管性能得到了快速的发展.如何设计合成用于OFETs的高性能聚合物半导体材料,一直是我们的追求目标.然而,分子结构对迁移率的影响仍缺少系统的比较.本文综述了近年来国内外新型聚合物材料的最新进展.我们按照材料的种类以及载流子的传输类型进行了分类,对高性能聚合物材料的发展过程、材料的设计思路以及相应的FETs性能进行了系统地归纳总结.通过研究分子及分子聚集态结构与器件性能之间的关系,希望为以后设计合成新型的高性能的聚合物材料提供有益的借鉴和指导.     

Photoresponsive organic field-effect transistors involving photochromic molecules

In recent years, organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) with high performance and novel multifunctionalities have attracted considerable attention. Meanwhile, featured with reversible photoisomerization and the corresponding variation in color, chemical/physical properties, photochromic molecules have been applied in sensors, photo-switches and memories. Incorporation of photochromic molecules to blend in the device functional layers or to modify the interfaces of OFETs is common way to build photo-transistors. In this review, we focus on the recent advantages on the study of photoresponsive transistors involving one of three typical photochromic compounds spiropyran, diarylethene and azobenzene. Three main strategies are demonstrated in detail. Firstly, photochromic molecules are doped in active layers or combined with semiconductor structure thus forming photoreversible active layers. Secondly, the modification of dielectric layer/active layer interface is mainly carried out by bilayer dielectric. Thirdly, the photo-isomerization of self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on the electrode/active layer interface can reversibly modulate the work functions and charge injection barrier, result in bifunctional OFETs. All in all, the combination of photochromic molecules and OFETs is an efficient way for the fabrication of organic photoelectric devices. Photoresponsive transistors consisted of photochromic molecules are potential candidate for real applications in the future.     

Chemical and biological sensors based on organic thin-film transistors

The application of organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) to chemical and biological sensing is reviewed. This review covers transistors that are based on the modulation of current through thin organic semiconducting films, and includes both field-effect and electrochemical transistors. The advantages of using OTFTs as sensors (including high sensitivity and selectivity) are described, and results are presented for sensing analytes in both gaseous and aqueous environments. The primary emphasis is on the major developments in the field of OTFT sensing over the last 5–10 years, but some earlier work is discussed briefly to provide a foundation.     

Photoresponsive n-channel organic field-effect transistors based on a tri-component active layer

Photoresponsive OFETs were fabricated based on a tri-component active layer (NDI2OD-DTYM2, spiropyran and polystyrene). The results demonstrated that these OFETs displayed photoresponsive feature to alternate UV and vis light due to the photoisomerization of spiropyran between the closed-ring state and ionic open-ring state.     

Highly responsive biosensors based on organic field-effect transistors under light irradiation

High responsivity and sensitivity play essential roles in the development of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs)-based biosensors with regard to biological detections, particularly for disease diagnosis. Nonetheless, how to design a biosensor which improves these two outstanding properties while achieving low cost, easy processing, and time saving is a daunting challenge. Herein, a novel biosensor based on OFET with copolymer thin film, whose surface is illuminated with a suitable light beam is reported. This film can be used as both an organic semiconductor material and as a photoelectric active material. Due to amplification of signals as a result of the film’s strong response to light, the biosensor possesses higher responsivity and sensitivity compared to dark condition and even realizes a maximum responsivity of up to 10³ for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) detection. The simple combination of light and transistor builds a bridge between photoelectric effect and biological system. In addition, the emergence of more excellent photoelectric active materials is expected to pave a way for ultrasensitive bio-chemical diagnostic tools.     

Progresses in organic field-effect transistors and molecular electronics

In the past years, organic semiconductors have been extensively investigated as electronic materials for organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). In this review, we briefly summarize the current status of organic field-effect transistors including materials design, device physics, molecular electronics and the applications of carbon nanotubes in molecular electronics. Future prospects and investigations required to improve the OFET performance are also involved. __________ Translated from Huaxue Tongbao (Chemistry), 2006, 69(6) (in Chinese)     

Tailoring crystal polymorphs of organic semiconductors towards high-performance field-effect transistors

As a quite ubiquitous phenomenon, crystal polymorph is one of the key issues in the field of organic semiconductors. This review gives a brief summary to the advances on polymorph control of thin film and single crystal of representative organic semiconductors towards high-performance field-effect transistors. Particularly, the relationship between crystal polymporh and charge transport behaviour has been discussed to shed light on the rational preparation of outstanding organic semiconducting materials with desired crystal polymorph.     

Alignment and patterning of organic single crystals for field-effect transistors

Organic field-effect transistors are of great importance to electronic devices. With the emergence of various preparation techniques for organic semiconductor materials, the device performance has been improved remarkably. Among all of the organic materials, single crystals are potentially promising for high performances due to high purity and well-ordered molecular arrangement. Based on organic single crystals, alignment and patterning techniques are essential for practical industrial application of electronic devices. In this review, recently developed methods for crystal alignment and patterning are described.     

Proteins as functional interlayer in organic field-effect transistor

The paper summarizes and discusses the recent advances of proteins as functional interlayers in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Specific focus is given on the proteins integrated into the device structure, either to act as dielectric materials or to perform as the functional interlayer between the dielectric and the organic semiconductor (OSC). The main emphasis is give to the location and the specific effect of protein layers in the structure of OFETs. Besides, the possibility of amyloid serving as useful building blocks for OFET is discussed.     

并五苯及其衍生物在有机场效应晶体管中的应用

有机场效应晶体管（organic field—effect transistors,OFETs）是以有机半导体材料作为有源层,通过电场控制电流的电子器件．与传统的无机半导体器件相比,由于其可应用于生产大面积、柔性、低成本电子设备而备受关注,在有机存储器件、有机太阳能电池、柔性平板显示和电子纸等众多领域具有潜在而广泛的应用前景．并苯类材料因其紧密的分子堆积及优异的半导体性能被广泛研究．其中,并五苯及其衍生物在场效应晶体管中表现出良好的性质,其效果甚至可以与非晶硅相媲美,但并五苯较差的溶解性及环境稳定性阻碍了其进一步应用．科研工作者通过对分子结构进行修饰改造设计,合成了一系列并五苯的衍生物,其不仅在稳定性、电学性能和溶解性方面有很大提高,还可以将该p-型半导体材料拓展到双极性及n-型半导体材料领域．本文对并五苯及其衍生物在有机场效应晶体管中的应用进行了较为全面的综述,期望对该领域的研究起到一定的推动作用．     

Rational design of diarylethylene-based polymeric semiconductors for high-performance organic field-effect transistors

Constructing planar, rigid, and high electronically delocalized π-conjugated molecular system is the most basic requirements of obtaining high-performance polymeric semiconductors for organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). In this regard, diarylethylene (DAE)-based polymers show great potential because many substantive progresses related to polymer field-effect transistors had been achieved from the kind of polymer materials in recent years. In the brief review, series of DAE-based polymer are highlighted, based on which several design strategies have been summarized by the way of comparative research method. These strategies have important guiding significance not only for further developing new DAE-based and other polymeric semiconductors for OFETs but also for developing specific polymeric semiconductors for other organic electronics, such as organic photovoltaics and organic light-emitting diodes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017 , 55, 585–603