我国突发环境事件现场应急监测仪器技术现状及展望

突发环境事件现场应急监测是环境监测工作的重要组成部分。与常规实验室环境监测分析相比,现场应急监测的时效性要求更高,需要做到对环境污染物的快速定性与半定量分析。本文在分析现场应急监测仪器技术的基本特点基础上,从现场应急监测的环境介质、待监测项目、监测仪器技术分类等方面入手,重点对国内光谱法、色谱/质谱法和电化学法等类别的现场应急监测仪器技术现状进行了总结,最后对现场应急监测仪器技术的未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

市场动态·简讯

我国环境监测仪器生产及技术现状我国现有环境监测仪器生产企业140余家,年产值4.8亿元,约占全国环保产品产值的2.3%。主要产品是各种水污染和大气污染监测、噪声与振动监测、放射性和电磁波监测仪器。我国生产的烟尘采样器、烟气采样器、总悬浮微粒采样器、污水流量计等环境监测仪器已接近或达到国际先进水平。国产原子吸收、紫外可见分光光度仪、气相色谱仪等监测仪器自动控制技术程度较低,关键零部件尚依赖进口。我国环境监测仪器多是中小型企业生产,产品多集中在中低档,远不能适应我国环境监测的需要。(李)《计测技术》简介《计测技术》…     

X射线荧光光谱法在环境监测中的发展与应用北大核心CSCD

对X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)在土壤、大气、水和固体废物等环境介质,以及在线监测、应急监测中的研究进展和应用现状进行了综述,总结了该技术在测定方法、仪器设备、标准方法及标准物质等方面存在的问题并提出建议,对XRF在环境监测领域未来的发展进行了展望(引用文献78篇)。     

环境监测技术及其体系的现状及发展趋势

环境监测是我国环境保护中的一项基础工作,从环境检测技术、环境检测能力、环境检测结果等方面,对我国环境监测体系的现状进行了分析。对我国环境监测技术如化学监测技术、物理监测技术、生物监测技术等进行了综述。展望了环境监测技术的发展趋势。     

我国环境监测仪器生产及技术现状

我国现有环境监测仪器生产企业140余家，年产值4．8亿元，约占全国环保产品产值的2．3％。主要产品是各种水污染和大气污染监测、噪声与振动监测、放射性和电磁波监测仪器。我国生产的烟尘采样器、烟气采样器、总悬浮微粒采样器、污水流量计等环境监测仪器已接近或达到国际先进水平。     

“十三五”环境监测产业每年新增90亿

<正>环境监测是通过对环境污染物的分析和监测,定性或定量描述出环境质量的状态。环境监测方法主要是在现代分析化学的测试技术和测试手段基础上发展起来。随着生物技术、遥感技术、地理信息技术与物联网技术的发展,环境监测方法日渐完善。我国环境监测工作处于快速发展阶段,环境在线监测系统还在大规模建设阶段,覆盖面也将继续扩大。据不完全统     

环境监测机构须对检测数据“终身负责”

<正>近年来,围绕环境监测数据出现过很多"怪现象"。比如在空气质量监测仪器附近加大打扫和洒水频次,给仪器"戴口罩";把污水监测探头放到自来水中。很多人质疑,当前是环境质量在改善,还是环境数据在"改善"?谁该对环境监测数据的真实准确负责?数据出问题,处罚谁,如何处罚?中央办公厅、国务院办公厅近日印发《关于深化环境监测改革提高环境监测数据质量的意见》(以下简称《意见》),环境保护部监测司司长刘志全说,通过落实《意见》,将构建     

《分析测试技术在公共污染事件中的应用》

该书详细了介绍如何应用现代分析测试技术综合应对公共污染事件。依据各类分析测试技术的特有功能与应用，结合实际案例进行剖析。介绍了多种可用于环境应急监测的现场快速检测技术和实验室分析技术；涉及了重大突发性环境污染事故和食品污染事件案例的分析测试过程、分析数据处理、风险度分析、生态环境风险评估。     

光谱法水质监测仪器和方法国内专利状况分析

水质动态数据可以为水环境可持续发展提供数据支撑,而水质监测仪器和方法的发展是获取准确水质数据和制定污染防治规划的关键. 目前光谱法水质监测仪器和方法相关专利的发展方向尚不明确. 基于万方数据知识服务平台的专利数据库,检索获得1993年至2022年在国内申请的光谱法水质监测相关仪器和方法的专利数据,对专利的申请情况、专利授权的仪器和方法所涉及的仪器类型、专利权申请主体及分布区域等方面进行比较分析,通过比较研究揭示当前国内光谱法水质监测仪器和方法的发展趋势,以期为政府、科研机构及企业相关人员制定光谱法水质监测仪器及方法的技术研发等提供决策依据.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱技术在环境领域的应用

综述电感耦合等离子体质谱技术在环境监测和环境科学研究领域的应用.介绍了电感耦合等离子体质谱技术在环境监测中的分析优势,环境研究领域中稳定同位素比值测定技术及其与色谱、激光烧蚀、流动注射技术联用分析技术应用的进展.     

Environmental monitoring and in situ gamma spectrometry

In situ gamma ray spectrometry is widely used for monitoring of natural as well as man-made radionuclides and corresponding gamma fields in the environment or working places. It finds effective application in the operational and accidental monitoring of nuclear facilities and their vicinity, spent fuel storages and waste depositories, radioactive contamination measurements and mapping, environmental, radiohygienic and radiation safety studies, geological prospecting and mapping, etc. Progressive spectrometric methods based on scintillation and semiconductor spectrometry and spectral deconvolution are discussed, including experimental arrangement as well as detection system responses/response matrixes simulation using stochastic (Monte Carlo) models. Methods for ground-level and airborne measurements are presented.     

Automation of analysis of airborne radionuclides observed in Canadian CTBT radiological monitoring networks using LINSSI

Linux System for Spectral Information (LINSSI¹) is a SQL database and established under Linux. Currently it is compatible with HPGe gammaspectra analysis software UniSampo, Shaman and Aatami. Based on this database and software, an automated analysis pipeline has been setup for Canadian CTBT radiological monitoring networks. This paper has investigated the performance of this pipeline in its capabilities and reliabilities of rapid small peak search, nuclide identification, and radionuclide activity concentration evaluation. Up to now, more than 80 thousand daily monitoring gamma-spectra have been automatically received and processed, the results have been stored in database. The pipeline nuclide detection limits is satisfied for environmental radiation monitoring and nuclear emergency preparedness.     

Evaluation of efficiency for in situ gamma spectrometer based upon cerium-doped lanthanum bromide detector dedicated for environmental radiation monitoring

Nuclear power plants that are planned to be constructed in various countries, including Poland, require to setup an environmental radiation monitoring system. Localization of the installation has to be preceded by the studies determining the level of natural background radiation. Presently the in situ gamma spectrometry is widely used for monitoring the natural as well as artificial radionuclides. An analysis and evaluation of parameters of the spectrometric system equipped with scintillation detector made of cerium-doped lanthanum bromide crystal are both the subject of the paper. The main question of the application of any gamma spectrometry system for the radiation monitoring purpose is how its efficiency looks like. Based on the numerical characteristics of the detector the absolute full energy peak efficiency was calculated. The three dimensions characteristics of gamma ray registration efficiency as the function of its energy and considered contaminated area diameter has been also performed. The study of numerical modeling based on MCNP code was performed by the ISOCS/LabSOCS software tool.     

Rapid column extraction method for actinides in soil

Summary The determination of actinides in environmental soil and sediment samples is very important for environmental monitoring as well as for emergency preparedness. A new, rapid actinide separation method has been developed and implemented that provides total dissolution of large soil samples, high chemical recoveries and effective removal of matrix interferences. This method uses stacked TEVA Resin^ò, TRU Resin^ò and DGA-Resin^ò cartridges from Eichrom Technologies (Darien, IL, USA) that allows the rapid separation of plutonium, neptunium, uranium, americium, and curium using a single multi-stage column combined with alpha-spectrometry. The method combines a rapid fusion step for total dissolution to dissolve refractory analytes and matrix removal using cerium fluoride precipitation to remove the difficult soil matrix. By using vacuum box cartridge technology with rapid flow rates, sample preparation time is minimized.     

基于金纳米粒子的光学生物传感方法研究进展

光学生物传感是以产生各种光学信号为检测基础的一种微量分析技术,具有操作简便、检测成本低、抗干扰能力强及可实现原位检测等优点,在临床诊断、药物分析、环境监测等领域显示出广阔的应用前景.作为纳米材料重要成员之一的金纳米粒子(AuNPs),因其独特的光学性质被广泛用于光学生物传感方法的构建.该文综述了近年来基于金纳米粒子的光...     

Smart sensors in environmental/water quality monitoring using IoT and cloud services

The growing social awareness and consequent concern for the environment has driven environmental analytical chemistry to a position of great prominence. In recent times, this position has translated into taking advantage of the great benefits provided by cloud computing and the Internet of Things (IoT), which are especially appropriate when devices such as chemical sensors are used. The use of such sensors is very common when in situ monitoring of environmental parameters is performed, but until recently, it was limited to the deployment of a small number of sensors. Currently, this approach has given way to genuine smart sensing systems (for instance, fully consolidated wireless sensor networks) that are able to provide a substantial amount of information. This type of sensor (the so-called smart sensor) is fundamentally characterized by (a) low consumption, versatility, and autonomy, (b) ease of integration with cloud solutions, (c) durability and reliability of IoT platforms and sensors, and (d) easy installation and deployment of sensor nodes. For all these reasons, and given the increasing importance and use of this type of device, a revision of the recent literature relating the development of smart sensors with environmental issues has been conducted, with major contributions being discussed, most notably those addressing the continuous in-line monitoring of water quality.     

Nuclear Techniques in National Security Studies on Contraband Detection

Summary The Federal Radiological Monitoring and Assessment Center (FRMAC) is authorized by the Federal Radiological Emergency Response Plan to coordinate all off-site radiological response assistance to state and local governments, in the event of a major radiological emergency in the United States. The FRMAC is established by the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration, to coordinate all Federal assets involved in conducting a comprehensive program of radiological environmental monitoring, sampling, radioanalysis, quality assurance, and dose assessment. During an emergency response, the initial analytical data is provided by portable field instrumentation. As incident responders scale up their response based on the seriousness of the incident, local analytical assets and mobile laboratories add additional capability and capacity. During the intermediate phase of the response, data quality objectives and measurement quality objectives are more rigorous. These higher objectives will require the use of larger laboratories, with greater capacity and enhanced capabilities. These labs may be geographically distant from the incident, which will increase sample management challenges. This paper addresses emergency radioanalytical capability and capacity and its utilization during FRMAC operations.     

Radiation level in the Kashiwazaki Kariwa area

The Niigata Prefectural Govemment has been carrying out an environmental radiation monitoring around the Kashiwazaki Kariwa Nuclear Power Station. Most of the gamma-ray dose rate was dependent on the natural radiation from the ground. The investigations wanted to detemine the natural radiation level in the Kashiwazaki Kariwa area. Gamma-ray dose rates were measured with a scintillation detector. Additionally, the quantity of radionuclides and their contribution to the dose rate were obtained by an in situ measurement method.     

Solid-state potentiometric gas sensors—current status and future trends

The development of potentiometric sensors for monitoring environmental gases has become a well-established direction in sensor technology. Various types of potentiometric sensors employing solid electrolytes for in situ measurements of such gases as oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and hydrocarbons are reviewed. Particular concern was given to the CO₂ potentiometric sensor which is an example of successful commercial application. The construction details, working mechanism, and performance of different types of potentiometric gas sensors are given. Special emphasis is given for the mixed-potential electrodes, which seems to be the principal direction for the future research and development of the sensor science and technology. Additionally, the future use of potentiometric sensors for the detection of other environmental gases is discussed.