Vibronic spectra, ab initio calculations, and structures of conformationally non-rigid molecules of oxalyl halides in the ground and lowest excited electronic states. Part III: Theoretical investigation of oxalyl fluoride

We present a theoretical investigation of oxalyl fluoride (COF)₂ in the ground and the four lowest excited (two singlet and two triplet) electronic states of the n,π∗-type mainly with the CASPT2(8-6)/cc-pVTZ method. Geometries, vibrational frequencies, potential energy functions of internal rotation, and adiabatic electronic transition energies were obtained. The conformer energy difference and the barrier to internal rotation in the ground electronic state were extrapolated to the complete basis set limit. The planar trans and cis conformations were the most stable configurations for all five electronic states under study. We found that the allowed electronic transition of the cis conformer has a transition energy that is significantly higher than that predicted in previous studies. For the excited states, the internal rotation was found to be accompanied by significant non-planar distortion of both carbonyl fragments, indicating strong coupling between these molecular motions.     

Vibronic spectra, ab initio calculations, and structures of conformationally non-rigid molecules of oxalyl halides in the ground and lowest excited electronic states. Part I: Reanalysis of the 3680 Å and 4100 Å absorption systems of oxalyl chloride

The vapor-phase absorption spectrum of oxalyl chloride in the 3000-4180 Å region has been re-examined at high resolution. Singlet-singlet and singlet-triplet electronic transitions of the trans-conformer found in the spectrum are in agreement with earlier works [W.J. Balfour, G.W. King, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 26 (1968) 384-397; ibid. 27 (1968) 432-442]. Torsion levels of trans-oxalyl chloride in the ground and excited and states were found for the first time. Ab initio calculations of structures for conformers of oxalyl chloride in the ground and lowest excited electronic states explain the absence of second conformer transitions in the vibronic absorption spectrum.     

Vibronic spectra, ab initio calculations, and structures of conformationally non-rigid molecules of oxalyl halides in the ground and lowest excited electronic states - Part VI: Oxalyl bromide (COBr)2 and summary

The structure of oxalyl bromide (COBr)₂ in the ground and four lowest excited electronic states was theoretically investigated using the CASPT2/cc-pVTZ-DK method. Structural information obtained allowed the reassignment of the and vibronic absorption spectra. Generalization of oxalyl halide structural data for the ground and excited electronic states is presented.     

Vibronic spectra, ab initio calculations, and structures of conformationally non-rigid molecules of oxalyl halides in the ground and lowest excited electronic states. Part IV: Analysis of the absorption spectra of oxalyl fluoride in the gas phase

The gas phase absorption spectrum of oxalyl fluoride in the region of 37 000–29 300 cm⁻¹ has been examined at high resolution. Singlet–singlet and singlet–triplet electronic transitions of the trans-conformer were found in the spectrum. The fundamental frequencies of trans-oxalyl fluoride in the and electronic states were determined.In the low resolution ultraviolet absorption spectrum of oxalyl fluoride in the gas phase the transition of the cis-conformer (ν_max) was found to be shifted to the blue by about 6000 cm⁻¹ relative to the transition of the trans-conformer.     

Dynamical structure of peptide molecules: Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy and ab initio calculations of N-methylformamide

Rotational spectra of both trans and cis forms of the N-methylformamide normal as well as deuterated (HCONDCH₃, referred to as N-D) species were observed by Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy in the frequency region from 5 to 118 GHz. Samples were prepared in the form of a beam by a pulsed jet valve maintained at 50 °C and were introduced in a high-vacuum cavity cell, with either Ne or Ar as a carrier gas at a backing pressure of 100 kPa. The observed spectra were analyzed to yield molecular parameters including rotational constants and barrier, V₃, to CH₃ internal-rotation: 53.9 (6) and 301 (4) cm⁻¹ for the trans and cis forms of the normal species, respectively, and 41.9 (6) and 309 (4) cm⁻¹ for the trans and cis forms of the N-D species, respectively. Spectra of four trans isotopologues with ¹³C, ¹⁵N, or ¹⁸O singly-substituted in the internal-rotation A state were observed and analyzed to derive the r_s structure of the trans form. For comparison with the experimental data, ab initio calculations were carried out at MP2/6-31G∗∗ level to derive molecular structure, potential barrier to CH₃ internal rotation, and the energy difference between the cis and trans forms. An extensive coupling was found between the CH₃ internal rotation and N-H out-of-plane bending, suggesting that the potential function for the CH₃ internal-rotation deviates considerably from a simple cos(3α) form. The effects of the V₆ term is briefly discussed.     

Rotational spectrum of trans-trans diethyl ether in the ground and three excited vibrational states

We report the results of a comprehensive reinvestigation of the rotational spectrum of diethyl ether based on broadband millimetre-wave spectra recently recorded at The Ohio State University and in Warsaw, covering the frequency region 108-366 GHz. The data set for the ground vibrational state of trans-trans diethyl ether has been extended to over 2000 lines and improved spectroscopic constants have been determined. Rotational spectra in the first excited vibrational states of the three lowest vibrational modes of trans-trans-diethyl ether, ν₂₀, ν₃₉, and ν₁₂ have been assigned. The v₂₀ = 1 and v₃₉ = 1 states are near 100 cm⁻¹ in vibrational term value and are coupled by a strong c-axis Coriolis interaction, which gives rise to many spectacular manifestations in the rotational spectrum. All of these effects have been successfully fitted for a dataset comprising over 3000 transitions, leading to precise determination of the energy difference between these states, (ΔE/hc)=10.400222(5) cm⁻¹. A newly developed software package for assignment and analysis of broadband spectra is described and made available.     

Structural, electronic and optical properties of pure and Ni-doped CdI2 layered crystals as explored by ab initio and crystal field calculations

Influence of impurity Ni²⁺ ions on optical absorption spectra of layered CdI₂ single crystals has been considered for localized level of doping. Optical properties of CdI₂:Ni²⁺ crystals were modeled using two independent approaches: (i) DFT-based ab initio calculations and (ii) semi-empirical crystal field theory. The former method allowed for locating the Ni²⁺ 3d states with respect to the host’s band structure, providing a link between the properties of impurity and host itself. The latter method allowed for calculations of crystal field splitting of the Ni²⁺ LS terms, giving an opportunity to assign the main bands in the absorption spectrum of the doped crystal. To increase accuracy in calculating the point charge contribution to the crystal field parameters (CFP), contributions of all crystal lattice ions located at a distance of up to 72.999 Å from the Ni ion were included into the crystal lattice sums. The crystal field Hamiltonian was diagonalized in the space of 25 wave functions of the spin-triplet terms ³F, ³P and the spin-singlet terms ¹S, ¹D, ¹G of the 3d⁸ electron configuration of Ni²⁺ ion. Additional calculations of the band structure and optical functions were performed to reveal the structure of the energy bands, their role in the formation of optical properties of this system in the overlapping impurity-ligand effects. Electron density distribution in the space between atoms before and after doping was compared; hybridization of the Ni 3d states with iodine 5p states was demonstrated. The role of the crystal anisotropy in the observed effects is discussed.     

用能量自洽法研究部分卤化钙分子CaX (X=Br, Cl, F)的解析势能函数

采用研究解析势能函数的能量自洽法Energy Consistent Method (ECM), 研究了部分卤化钙分子CaX (X=Br, Cl, F) 的C2S+、A2和B2S+态等基态和低激发态的解析势能曲线。并与曾经常使用的Morse 势、Huxley-Murrell-Sorbie (HMS)势和基于实验的Rydberg- Klein-Rees (RKR) 数据进行了比较。结果表明,这些 ECM 势能不仅能与RKR 数据符合得很好,而且还能得到实验方法难以得到、常用的Morse 势和HMS 势函数可能会产生较大误差、但在许多研究中又非常重要的渐近区和离解区的势能数据,得到了物理性质优秀的全程解析势能。