Towards slow μ− production via muon catalyzed fusion

Slow ^– production via dd-CF using a two-layer arrangement is investigated. To determine its feasibility, experimental measurements are now in progress using the muonic X-ray detection method. The following experimental steps are being considered: (1) measurement of the number of ^– stopped inside a solid H₂/D₂ layer by detecting p K X-rays, (2) hot d emission detection by placing a secondary target at a distance of 10–30 mm from the layer and by detecting specific delayed X-rays, (3) measurement of the disappearance of d emission as the added D₂ layer is increased, (4) dd-CF measurement by detecting fusion protons, and (5) slow ^– emission detection. Results of the initial test experiment are presented.     

Nonrelativistic Lamb shift for muonic molecules

A recently developed formula [R. Bukowski and B. Jeziorski, Phys. Rev. A46 (1992) 5437]. has been applied to estimate the soft-photon Lamb shift contribution to the energies of the muonic molecules pp, dd, tt, pd, pt and dt. The corresponding corrections to the dissociation energies for the excited P states of dd and dt have been found to be almost identical and equal to 0.048 meV. The magnitude of this stabilizing effect is too small to affect seriously the formation rates predictions.     

On the geometrization of electrodynamics

This paper develops the conjecture that the electromagnetic interaction is the manifestation of the torsion of spacetime. This conjecture is made feasible by the natural separation of the connection ^v into gravitational and electromagnetic parts ^v and ^v , respectively, related to the metric and to the torsion. When ^v is neglected in front of ^v , the affine geodesics are shown to become the equations of motion of charged particles with Lorentz force, for an appropriate choice of . Since ^v contains the factor q/m, neutral particles do not see the torsional part of the connection and behave as if were zero, i.e., as in Einstein's theory of gravity (the same effect is obviously obtained for charged particles when ^{v v} ).In addition to the factor q/m, the velocity of the test particle appears in . This indicates that the appropriate context for this problem is to be found in velocity-dependent connections. The velocities are now coordinates and become the actual velocities of the test particles only in the system of equations that one solves for obtaining the affine geodesics in connections of this type.When written with differential forms, the combination of Maxwell's equations and of the pertinent form of the torsion suggests geometric field equations for electrodynamics. As for the gravitational part of the connection, it can be made to obey equations similar in form to the Einstein field equations. A unified geometric theory of electrodynamics and gravitation spontaneously emerges. The present state of the theory does not yet permit us to ascertain whether the right-hand side of the fully geometric, gravitational field equations corresponds to the energy-momentum tensor.     

Poloidal Magnetic Field Measurements in a Reversed Field Pinch Plasma by a Far‐Infrared Polarimeter

A multichannel farinfrared (FIR) polarimeter has been installed in RFX, a Reversed Field Pinch (RFP) plasma experiment, to measure the poloidal magnetic field profile. The polarimeter uses a CH₃OH FIR laser operating at =118.8 m. Faraday rotation measurements on five of six parallel diagnostic chords are used in preliminary investigations of poloidal field profiles. The experimental results are generally found in good agreement with the &p model predictions. The choice of the profile of = ₀ j·B/B² is discussed. For the reconstruction of the magnetic field profiles a numerical filamentary current equilibrium code is described, where polarimetric data are included as constraints. An alternative method based on the bestfit of a threeparameter profile to the polarimetric data is also reported. Both methods provide reliable reconstructions of the plasma magnetic field and the results indicate the existence in RFX of hollow profiles.     

Rotating steady-state configurations in general relativity. II

Space-times with timelike Killing vector field and axial Killing vector field are studied. Physical coordinates are constructed for the metric of differentially rotating matter. It is proved that, for matter flow whose streamline tangents areu = + , the matter region must be either Petrov type I orD.Partially supported by a National Research Council of Canada grant.     

Tunable electronic Raman laser at 16 μm

6s–9s electronic Raman scattering in caesium vapour is used to generate tunable 16m radiation. Output energies in excess of 8 J were obtained, with peak powers in the kilowatt range.     

En">Characters and Composition Factor Multiplicities for the Lie Superalgebra $${\mathfrak{g}}{\mathfrak{l}}$$ ( m / n )

The multiplicities a of simple modules L in the composition series of Kac modules V lambda for the Lie superalgebra (m/n ) were described by Serganova, leading to her solution of the character problem for (m/n ). In Serganova's algorithm all with nonzero a are determined for a given this algorithm, turns out to be rather complicated. In this Letter, a simple rule is conjectured to find all nonzero a for any given weight . In particular, we claim that for an r-fold atypical weight there are 2r distinct weights such that a = 1, and a = 0 for all other weights . Some related properties on the multiplicities a are proved, and arguments in favour of our main conjecture are given. Finally, an extension of the conjecture describing the inverse of the matrix of Kazhdan–Lusztig polynomials is discussed.     

On the Haar measure of the quantumSU(N) group

We prove that the Haar state associated to the compact matrix quantum groupSU (N) is faithful for ]–1,1[,0, and anyN2.     

R-matrix methods for studying nuclear effects in μCF

Properties ofR-matrix theory that are useful for studying muon-catalyzed fusion reactions are reviewed, and applications to the dt system are discussed, using both improved adiabatic and non-adiabatic (variational) wave functions. We give complex eigenvalues and - sticking fractions for the (L, v)=(0,0) and (0, 1) states of dt using variational Hamiltonian matrix elements that have been properly symmetrized by means of the Block operator. Expressions for the fusion rate and - sticking fraction are developed from a time-dependent theory that uses the complex-energy states corresponding to the poles of the systemS-matrix. These are shown to reduce with the appropriate approximations to the expressions and values commonly used. Additional nuclear effects on these quantities can easily be studied within the framework developed, but they are not expected to be large.     

Slow and monoenergetic (3Heμ−)+ beam production and novel applications

Based upon the recent discovery at UT MSL/KEK, a new idea is proposed for producing a slow and monoenergetic (3.2 keV) (³He^–)⁺ ion beam by using particle decay of the (d³He) muon molecule formed during the (d) to³He transfer reaction. The proposed intense (³He) beam as well as the less intense (⁴He) beam will open up way to various new types of important CF experiments.     

The paramagnetic state (μ+e−) in silicon and tellurium at high temperature

The paramagnetic state (⁺e^–) in Si and Te was observed in a longitudinal magnetic field. The mean lifetimes of these states were obtained: _Si = 1.45(3) s, _Te = 12.5(8) s at 290 K, _Te = 12(2) s at 250 K.     

Zeros of the partition function and Gaussian inequalities for the plane rotator model

The partition function for ferromagnetic plane rotators in a complex external field , with ¦Im ¦ ¦Re ¦, is bounded below in modulus by its value at =0. The proof is based on complex combinations of duplicated variables which are positive definite on a subgroup of the configuration group. In the isotropic situation (and =0), the associated Gaussian inequalities imply that all truncated correlation functions decay at least as the two-point function.     

Light absorption in laser-heated cavities

The absorption of laser light in 0.25–1 mm diameter gold cavities, irradiated for the purpose of generating high-temperature blackbody radiation with intense laser radiation of either =0.44 m or =1.3 m wavelength, was investigated. For =0.44 m radiation the absorption exceeded 0.9 for all conditions, but dropped to only 0.3 for the smallest cavities irradiated at =1.3 m. Entrance hole and cavity filling with plasma seems important for the understanding of the observations.     

Strong far-infrared laser action in carbonyl fluoride and vinyl fluoride

Intense far-infrared laser action is reported for carbonyl fluoride and vinyl fluoride. Eleven new lines with wavelengths between 339 m538 m were obtained by optically pumping carbonyl fluoride with numerous lines of the 10.4 m band of a cw CO₂ laser. Twenty-three lines with wavelengths in the range 172 m783 m were detected when pumping the recently discovered efficient FIR laser molecule vinyl fluoride. In addition, three very weak new lines were found using 1.1-difluoroethylen.     

Positivity of entropy production in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics

We analyze different mechanisms of entropy production in statistical mechanics, and propose formulas for the entropy production ratee() in a state . When is steady state describing the long term behavior of a system we show thate()0, and sometimes we can provee()>0.     

Feasibility of an experiment to determine the branching ratio for the emission of a heavy neutrino after muon capture in3He

The triton energy of the muon capture reaction ³He t+v, where ³ He is the ground state of muonic³He, has been measured in order to investigate a possible heavy v admixture into the flavour with high sensitivity. ³ He has been formed via the pd fusion reaction by stopping ^– in an ionization chamber (IC) filled with an H/D gas mixture of 3% D concentration at a pressure of 161 bar. In a first short experiment 650 triton events were observed yielding an upper limit for the -heavy v mixing strength of 2.3×10^–3 atE _0v=60 MeV.     

Classical theory of the interaction between a spinor field and the gravitational field: First-order field equations

The classical theory of the interaction of a neutral spin-1/2 Dirac field and the gravitational field is studied. For the purely gravitational part of the Lagrangian, written in terms of a vierbein and the local connection coefficient _ab , (regarded as independent field variables), the usual first-order form is adopted. For the Dirac part, however, a different choice is made, in which the covariant derivative of is built with the aid of the vierbein instead of with _ab . This still yields a first-order formalism, but one in which _ab is related to the vierbein in the same way as it would be in the absence of. This ensures that the global connection remains symmetric in andv in the presence of. The way in which the vierbein field equation leads to a familiar Einstein equation with a symmetric and conserved stress tensor on its right side is also analyzed.     

Periodicity and chaos in a modulated logistic map

We study the onset of chaos in a logistic map whose parameter is modulated nonlinearly. The bifurcation pattern with respect to a parameter is obtained and the critical value of is seen to be 0.89, where periodicity just ends. Further evidence for this regime is obtained from the analysis of the intermittency pattern. The stability in the different ranges of under repeated iteration is exhibited by the values of Lyapunov exponents. Beyond=0.89, the largest Lyapunov exponent becomes positive and the situation turns out to be unstable. Confirmation comes from a functional analysis of the stable and unstable manifolds which touch at=0.89.     

Laser damage in silicon photodiodes

Thermal damage of silicon photodiodes exposed to intense optical radiation is investigated. Damage thresholds of Si photodiodes irradiated by 1.06m laser pulses are reported for values of irradiation time,, ranging from 10^–8 to 1s. Threshold laser irradiation produces visible microscopic damage and a permanent degradation in photoresponse. The loss of responsivity is associated with degradation of the detector diode characteristics due to laser-induced heating. The time and wavelength dependence agree with the predictions of a thermal model which treats a semi-infinite material irradiated by a Gaussian laser beam. The energy density thresholds are independent of for short irradiation times and asymptotically approach a limiting behaviour which increases as for long times. They are given by the empirical relationE ₀=65[1+217/tan^–1(258)^1/2] J cm^–2 for 1.06m radiation. The thresholds at short irradiation times of detectors damaged by 1.06m radiation are about 25 times larger than those of detectors exposed to 0.6943m radiation. The greater susceptibility at 0.6943m is attributed to a larger optical absorption coefficient.     

Solvent and Temperature Effects on Polymer-Coated Glass Fibers. Fluorescence of the Dansyl Moiety

E-type glass fibers were coated with poly(-aminopropyltriethoxysilane), treating them with a 1% (v/v) monomer aqueous solution. The fibers were labeled with a dansyl-sulfonamide conjugate by reaction of acetonitrile solutions of dansyl chloride with the amine groups immobilized on the glass fiber surface. Interactions of the labeled coating polymer with solvents of different polarities were estimated by measurements of the fluorescence band shifts of the label. It was found that for aprotic solvents, the solvent dipolar coupling relaxation mechanism is dominated by thermodynamic interactions of the solvent with the polymer matrix, while for protic solvents this mechanism is dominated by specific interactions between solvent molecules and the excited state of the chromophore. Different experimental excited-state dipole moments were obtained for nonpolar and polar solvents (^* _NP = 7.2 ± 1.6 D, ^* _P = 11.9 ± 1.5 D). Using the AM1 method, excited-state dipole moments for the first and second singlets were calculated and it was concluded that ^* _NP ^*2 ₁^1/2 and ^* _P ^*2 ₂^1/2. Accordingly, neither the glass support nor the coating polar influence the excited-state properties of dansyl. The temperature dependence of dansyl emission allows the determination of the relaxation temperature of the coating polymer, which was estimated as 175 K for the coating used.