薄膜层状外延生长的光学原位实时监测方法

综述了几种用于监控薄膜外延生长的光学原位实时监测方法的进展。其中光反射差法／光反射各向异性谱（ＲＤＳ／ＲＡＳ）和ｐ偏振反射谱（ＰＲＳ），表面光吸收（ＳＰＡ），椭偏仪（ＳＥ）等。在外延过程中已观测到了薄膜层状外延周期振荡。     

薄膜生长中的表面动力学(Ⅰ)

本文较全面地从理论上研究了薄膜生长过程中原子在表面上的和种动力学表现，涉及的内容包括亚单层生长时，原子在表面上的扩散，粘接，成核，以及已经形成的原子岛之间的相互作用，兼并，失稳，退化等一系列过程，作为研究的基础。在本文的第一部分（即0-6章）中，我们首先介绍了目前这方面理论研究中所主要使用的各种方法。例如，第一性原理计算，分子动力学模拟。蒙特卡罗模拟。速率方程和过渡态（TST）理论等。基于这些研究。我们介绍给读者为什么原子成岛时在低温下选择分形状，而在高温时则选择紧致状。这一过程可以用经典的扩散子限制集聚理论（Diffusion-Limited Aggregation,DLA)。然而当有表面活性剂存在时形核的规律安全相反，由此提出了一个反应限制集聚理论（Reaction-Limited Aggregation,RLA)，这两个理论目前可以很好的解释亚单层生长时的一般形核规律。接下来我们讨论了长程相互作用对生长初期原子形核的影响。并进一步得出了相应的标度理论。在第6章我们系统地研究了分了吸附对二维原子岛形状的控制性，从而提出了边-角原子扩散的对称破缺模型。     

Ga2Se3／ZnSe异质结分子束外延生长过程中ZnGa2Se4外延层的形成

首次在（１００）ＧａＡｓ衬底上成功地生长出ＺｎＧａ２Ｓｅ４外延薄膜。用分子束外延技术在１００ＧａＡｓ衬底上制备Ｇａ２Ｓｅ３／ＺｎＳｅ异质结时，用５４０℃以上的温度生长出ＺｎＧａ２Ｓｅ外延层。     

电热蒸发—电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱（ETV—ICP—AES）的基体…

本文研究了电热蒸发电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱（ＥＴＶ－ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ）中氯化物，高氯酸等产生的干扰，并且与无火焰石墨炉原子吸收（ＧＦＡＡＳ）中这些基体的干扰作了比较，认为酸等产生的干扰，并且与无火焰石墨炉原子吸收（ＧＦＡＡＳ）中这些基体的干扰作了比较，认为ＥＴＶ－ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ的干扰比ＧＦＡＡＳ干扰小。本文还对这两种方法中干扰的差异作了一些探讨。     

稀土金属Sm／Si（100）2×1界面形成电子结构的同步辐射光电子能…

利用同步辐射芯能级和价带光电子能谱研究了室温下Ｓｍ／Ｓｉ（１００）２×１界面的形成与电子结构。实验结果表明，膜生长有几个不同阶段，分别为Ｓｍ原子聚集，反应扩散和金属Ｓｍ膜生长。与Ｓｉ（１１１）７×７相比，Ｓｍ（１００）２×１的界面反应和扩散都得到了加强。     

用类金刚石碳掩膜制备LaAlO3台阶衬底

我们用脉冲激光淀积（ＰＬＤ）方法在ＬａＡｌＯ３（ＬＡＯ）衬底上生长了类金刚石碳（ＤＬＣ）膜，并以此作为掩模，制备了台阶衬底．ＳＥＭ分析表明，制备的台阶衬底具有陡直的台阶角度（大于７００）．我们用这样的台阶衬底制成了ＹＢＣＯ台阶结并测量了结的基本特性，结果表明，结有较好的高频特性．     

电场对Au—Ag薄膜结构影响的AFM和VAXPS研究

利用原子力显微镜（ＡＦＭ）和变角Ｘ射线光电子谱（ＶＡＸＰＳ）技术研究了Ａｕ－Ａｇ／ＳｉＯ２体系在直流电场作用下，Ａｕ，Ａｇ电迁移的特点及所引起的薄膜结构的变化，观察到较低温度下Ａｕ，Ａｇ聚集状态的显著变化，发现电迁移过程中Ａｕ－Ａｇ薄膜与ＳｉＯ２基底之间存在界面化学反应，膜层中Ａｕ，Ａｇ，Ｓｉ等元素的化学状态发生了相应的变化，这些结构表明ＳｉＯ２表面上Ａｕ－Ａｇ复合薄膜电迁移不只是一个水平方向的扩     

（Ti,Al）N薄膜光学性能的研究

研究了（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）薄膜的光学特性，对其反射和透射光谱作了仔细分析。运用Ｈａｄｌｅｙ方程，算出一定成分（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎ膜的折射率ｎ，消光系数ｋ随波长的变化关系。又根据透射曲线，计算出了（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎ膜的光隙能。     

Si衬底上ZnSe外延膜的低压MOCVD生长

以硒化氢（H2Se）和二甲基锌为源材料，生长温度是300℃时，用低压金属有机化学气相沉积（LP－MOCVD）系统在Si(111)衬底上外延生长了ZnSe薄膜。通过X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜的能量色散（EDS）以及光致发光（PL）实验验证ZnSe外延膜的质量，在X射线衍射谱中只有一个强的ZnSe(111)面衍射峰，这说明外延膜是（111）取向的单晶薄膜，在能量色散谱中除了Si,Zn和Se原子外，没有观测到其他原子，说明ZnSe外延膜中杂质含量较少。ZnSe外延膜中Zn/Se原子比接近1，有较好的化学配比。在ZnSe外延膜的77K光致发光谱中没有观测到与深中心发射相关的发光峰，表明ZnSe外延膜的晶格缺陷密度较小。77K时的近带边发射峰447nm在室温时移至465nm附近。     

不同邻晶面Hg1-xCdxTe外延薄膜的特性分析

在取向不同的CdTe衬底上用液相外延技术生长了Hg_1-xCd_xTe薄膜，结合金相显微镜、红外显微镜、X射线双晶衍射、红外吸收及Raman光谱等手段分析了不同邻晶面外延层的性质，结果表明，在“近平面”（衬底偏角δ＜0.1°）或“无台阶面”（δ≈1.2°）上生长的外延层的晶格质量及光学性能较好 关键词：     

Analysis of Energy Consumption in a Combined Microwave–hot Air Spouted Bed Drying of Biomaterial: Coffee Beans

In this study, an energy model based on the first law of thermodynamics is developed to evaluated energy efficiency and specific energy consumption. The influences of hot air temperature and initial weight of coffee beans on energy consumption are considered. Furthermore, a comparison between combined microwave–hot air spouted bed drying and hot air spouted bed drying methods on energy consumption is also investigated in detail. The results show that energy efficiency as well as energy consumption depends on hot air temperature, initial weight of coffee bean, and typical drying methods (combined microwave–hot air spouted bed and hot air spouted bed). The optimum drying condition is also achieved in this study.     

A study of scattering of neon and argon ions by polycrystalline cobalt

The effect of polymorphous transitions on the temperature dependence of the number of ions scattered in a given direction has been studied for different scattering angles.     

机械能和内能相互转换的物理实质

通过一个简单的具体问题，对内能和机械能之间的本质区别进行了解析，这对于深入理解热力学中的概念及其规律的本质是极有意义的。     

Effect of Wigner energy on the symmetry energy coefficient in nuclei

The nuclear symmetry energy coefficient(including the coefficient a_(sym)~((4)) of the I~4 term) of finite nuclei is extracted by using the differences of available experimental binding energies of isobaric nuclei.It is found that the extracted symmetry energy coefficient a_(sym)~*(A,I) decreases with increasing isospin asymmetry I,which is mainly caused by Wigner correction,since e_(sym)~* is the summation of the traditional symmetry energy e_(sym) and the Wigner energy ew.We obtain the optimal values J = 30.25±0.10 MeV,a_(ss)=56.18±1.25 MeV,a_(sym)~((4)) = 8.33±1.21 MeV and the Wigner parameter x= 2.38 ±0.12 through a polynomial fit to 2240 measured binding energies for nuclei with20 ≤ A ≤ 261 with an rms deviation of 23.42 keV.We also find that the volume symmetry coefficient J■ 30 MeV is insensitive to the value x,whereas the surface symmetry coefficient a_(ss) and the coefficient a_(sym)~((4)) are very sensitive to the value of x in the range 1≤x≤4.The contribution of the a_(sym)~((4)) term increases rapidly with increasing isospin asymmetry I.For very neutron-rich nuclei,the contribution of the a_(sym)~((4)) term will play an important role.     

弹性势能的表达式的实验验证

教材上从理论上探究了弹性势能的表达式,结合该探究过程,利用弹性势能与重力势能和动能的转换关系设计了2个验证性实验.     

太阳能电池

简述了太阳能电池的原理，从材料、价格、成本、转换效率变化等方面介绍了太阳能电池的发展现状，展望太阳能电池的发展趋势。     

飞轮蓄能发电原理及应用

本文介绍飞轮蓄能发电的原理和飞轮蓄能发电技术的应用实例 .     

能谱在解释湍流能量级串中值得注意的一个问题

用简单的例子说明,即使在动力学上表现为不存在的能量级串,也在能谱上表现出相当 充分的能量向高频或者低频传递的现象.这些过去都是作为能量级串的证据而被广泛接受的 .结果表明,利用能谱来分析能量级串时,一定要明确是物理因素还是非物理因素造成 的频率分布向低频或高频传递的现象,不然就会出现真假难分的情况,进而造成错误的分析 结果. 关键词： 湍流能量级串 能谱     

Technological Research of a Clean Energy Router Based on Advanced Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage System

As a fundamental infrastructure of energy supply for future society, energy Internet (EI) can achieve clean energy generation, conversion, storage and consumption in a more economic and safer way. This paper demonstrates the technology principle of advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage system (AA-CAES), as well as analysis of the technical characteristics of AA-CAES. Furthermore, we propose an overall architectural scheme of a clean energy router (CER) based on AA-CAES. The storage and mutual conversion mechanism of wind and solar power, heating, and other clean energy were designed to provide a key technological solution for the coordination and comprehensive utilization of various clean energies for the EI. Therefore, the design of the CER scheme and its efficiency were analyzed based on a thermodynamic simulation model of AA-CAES. Meanwhile, we explored the energy conversion mechanism of the CER and improved its overall efficiency. The CER based on AA-CAES proposed in this paper can provide a reference for efficient comprehensive energy utilization (CEU) (93.6%) in regions with abundant wind and solar energy sources.     

Distribution of components in single crystals grown from completely mixed melts of Hg1−xCdxTe and Pb1−xSnxTe systems

Summary A method is given to calculate the maximum compositional gradient in single crystals, grown by unidirectional solidification, of binary or pseudobinary materials. The calculation is based on the data obtained from the phase diagrams. Compositional gradients of HgTe-CdTe and PbTe-SnTe systems along the growth axis are shown.