同位素稀释高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定猪肝中地塞米松和倍他米松残留量

建立了同位素稀释高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定猪肝中地塞米松和倍他米松残留量的分析方法。样品经酶解后用乙腈提取,再经C18固相萃取和碳酸钠溶液液液萃取净化,净化后的样品经氮气吹干后用流动相溶解。采用Hypercarb C18柱,以乙腈-水-甲酸(95∶5∶0.5,V/V)混合溶液为流动相,进行高效液相色谱串联质谱分析,同位素内标法定量分析。地塞米松和倍他米松的检出限为别为0.12和0.14μg/kg,定量限分别为0.42和0.47μg/kg。在添加浓度0.75～2.0μg/kg范围内,平均添加回收率为97.3%～111%,批内和批间相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为1.85%～5.65%和2.78%～7.98%。待测物定量离子对峰面积与内标物峰面积比值与标样浓度在10～500μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性回归系数大于0.9997。     

导数分光光度法同时测定叶绿素a和叶绿素b

1 引言 本文采用一阶导数分光光度法同时测定叶绿素(Chl)a和b,检测下限分别为14.3ng/ml和37.8ng/ml,测定范围分别为0.5～20μg/ml和0.5～10μg/ml,相对标准偏差分别为1.01%和1.44％。 2 方法要点 取适量Chl a或Chl b的90％丙酮溶液,在美国Beckman DU-7HS型分光光度计上以600nm/min的扫描速度绘制吸收光谱,并转换成一阶导数谱图(△λ=4)。由该谱图可知,Chl b在467.0nm处有一个导数     

停流—诱导动力学光度法同时测定微量铁和钒的研究

本文首次提出并讨论了停流-诱导动力学光度法同时测定双元素的基本原理,研究了Fe~(2+)、VO~(2+)诱导的Cr(Ⅵ)-Ⅰ~--淀粉氧化还原体系,提出了一种同时测定微量铁、钒的动力学新方法。确定了测定的最佳条件;本法测定Fe、V的线性范围分别为0～1.2μg/ml和0～1.8μg/ml,检测限为0.012μg/ml和0.018μg/ml。     

贵金属元素电化学分析研究——ⅩⅣ.吸附-阳极溶出伏安法测定微量锇

本文通过大量实验,研究了一种新的锇的最佳支持电解质体系为:1.3×10~(-3)mol/LCH_4N_2S-6.3×10~(-2)mol/L ClCH_2COOH-0.1mol/L NaAc(pH=4.39)。在该体系中,以硫脲作吸附剂,并在直流极谱仪上于+0.55V(vs.SCE)发现一锐敏的锇峰。如在该体系中含有AS_2O_3(0.25μg/ml)时,测定锇的线性范围从0.037～0.224μg/ml扩展到0.037～0.37μg/ml,这很适宜于用As_2O_3吸附蒸馏试样。方法的灵敏度达37ng/ml。本法已成功地用于精矿测定,结果与原含量相符。     

蒙脱石修饰碳糊电极测定氨基酸的研究：Ⅰ.色氨酸的测定

本文用含10％蒙脱石的修饰碳糊电极研究了测定色氨酸的方法。发现在0.001mol/L KCl-HCl(pH=2.0)溶液中富集、介质交换后用微分脉冲伏安法测定,于+0.75V出峰,在20.～10.0μg/ml范围内有线性。相对标准偏差为2.60％。检测限为70ng/ml,该电极具有很强的抗干扰能力。用此方法直接测定氨基酸药物样品中的色氨酸,结果良好。     

差分脉冲溶出伏安法测定陶瓷器皿中铅和镉的溶出率

采用4%的乙酸浸泡陶瓷样品24 h,应用同位镀汞差分脉冲溶出伏安法测定了陶瓷样品中微量重金属铅、镉的溶出量。以0.1 mol/L的硝酸溶液做底液,0.1 mol/L的KCl溶液做支持电解质,2 g/L的Hg2+溶液做镀汞液,测得铅的溶出峰电位为-0.5 V(vsSCE),镉的溶出峰电位为-0.7 V(vsSCE),两者含量在5×10-4～1 mg/L和5×10-4～0.5 mg/L范围内峰电流和其含量呈良好的线性关系,检出限分别为2×10-4和4.3×10-3mg/L。     

差分脉冲伏安法测定饮用水中的Mn~(2+)

采用差分脉冲伏安法测定了饮用水中的Mn~(2+)。探讨了仪器自身条件和不同的底液条件对Mn~(2+)的峰高和峰型的影响。通过比较不同条件下Mn~(2+)的峰高和峰型,确定测量Mn~(2+)的最佳条件如下:Hg面积为0.52 mm2、搅拌速率为3000 min~(-1)、富集时间为320 s、平衡时间为20 s、起始扫描电压为-1.65~-1.60 V、终止扫描电压为-1.25 V、富集电压为-1.70 V、扫描速率为0.01V/s、振幅为25 m V,底液为0.5 m L的0.2 mol/L的Na_2HPO_4和5.0 m L的0.5 mo L/L的H_3BO_3溶液。在0~21.75μg/L范围内,峰电流与质量浓度呈线性关系,R=0.998。在最佳条件下测定饮用水中的Mn~(2+),质量浓度为0.718~2.033μg/L,RSD为2.1%~9.7%,检出限为0.015μg/L。样品加标回收率为97.8%~107.9%,RSD%为1.7%~10%。     

铱(Ⅳ)-半胱氨酸-HCI体系催化极谱氢波的研究与应用

在Ir(Ⅳ)-半胱氨酸(Cys)-HCl体系中,使用单扫描示波极谱仪,可在-0.5～-1.0V(vs.SCE)电位区间内观察到一灵敏度较高的催化极谱氢波,导数峰电流与Ir(Ⅳ)浓度在0.002～2μg/ml之间存在良好的线性关系,方法已用于二次合金样品中铱的测定。     

超高效液相色谱/质谱法测定血液中γ-氨基丁酸

研究了超高效液相色谱-质谱检测器(UPLC-QDa)对γ-氨基丁酸的分析检测,建立了UPLC测定血液中γ-氨基丁酸的含量的分析方法。采用乙腈萃取血液样品,经BEH C18色谱柱(2.1×50 mm,1.7μm)分离,以0.1%甲酸水溶液(含0.5%乙酸胺):乙腈(95:5,V/V)为流动相,流速0.2 m L/min,质谱检测器(QDa)检测,正离子SIR模式,m/z=104进行定量,进样量1μL。对照品在0.5~10μg/m L浓度范围内与峰面积线性关系良好。3个添加试验的平均回收率分别为78.9%,87.6%,79.5%,RSD分别为1.2%,1.1%,2.1%。     

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定畜禽毛发中5种违禁药物残留

毛发样品采用0.5%乙酸-乙腈提取,经45℃水浴震荡2 h,通过QuEChERS（PLS-A/PSA）分散净化,Agilent ZORBAX SB-Aq色谱柱（3.0 mm×100 mm, 1.8μm）分离,正离子扫描,电喷雾串联质谱多反应监测模式测定,内标法定量。5种违禁药物在0.2～20μg/L范围内线性关系良好（R²>0.997）,阿奇霉素和地西泮检出限（LOD）和定量限（LOQ）分别为0.1μg/kg和0.2μg/kg,氯霉素、金刚烷胺和利巴韦林检出限和定量限分别为0.2μg/kg和0.5μg/kg,回收率范围为84.8%～119.2%,相对标准偏差（RSD）均小于10%。本方法适用于畜禽毛发中5种违禁药物的定性定量分析,可实现对养殖过程的质量安全监管。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.