Studies on the intermolecular interactions of metal chelate complexesVIII: On the interactions of dithiocarbamato-copper(II) and -copper(I) complexes with haloalkanes

The interaction of Cu(II)(dtc)₂ and Cu(I)(dtc) complexes with haloalkanes were studied by the EPR method. It was found that the Cu(II)(dtc)₂ complex reacted with haloalkanes only in the presence of weak Lewis bases which formed adducts with it. The intermediate reaction product is the mixed-ligand complex Cu(II)(dtc)X_n (X = Cl, Br, n = 1 or 2); the final products being CuX₂B_n (B = Lewis bases, n = 1 or 2) and unstable resin-like residue. Cu(I)(dtc) reacted with haloalkanes without any promoters giving the mixed-ligand complex Cu(II)(dtc)X_n as product. Free radicals were detected in the reaction of Cu(I)(dtc) using the method of “radical scavenger” and were not found in the reaction of Cu(II)(dtc)₂. The reported results confirmed one of the two reaction mechanisms proposed in the previous studies. The role of the solvent on the EPR parameters of the mixed-ligand Cu(II)(dtc)X complex is also discussed.     

Studies on the intermolecular interactions of metal chelate complexesIX: On the interaction of copper(II) dithiocarbamate with some lewis acids

The intermediate products of the reaction between copper(II) dithiocarbamate complex and some Lewis acids (HgI₂, HgBr₂, GeCl₄, AsBr₃, CoCl₂, C(NO₂)₄) as well as some organometallic compounds (SnEt₄ and PbEt₄) were studied using EPR spectroscopy. In non-polar and non-coordinating solvents HgI₂, HgBr₂ and GeCl₄ formed adducts with Cu(dtc)₂, whereas in polar and coordinating solvents the mixed-ligand complexes of the type Cu(dtc)⁺…A^?(A = HgX₃) were obtained with a complex counterion in the second coordination sphere of copper(II). With C(NO₂)₄ the intermediate reaction product in non-polar solvents was assumed to be Cu(dtc)·NO₂ which dissociates to Cu(dtc)⁺…NO₂^? in polar solvents. Similar EPR spectra were obtained with SnEt₄ and PbEt₄. The reaction of Cu(dtc)₂ with CoCl₂, AsBr₃ and SbCl₃ yielded the mixed-ligand complexes of the type Cu(dtc)X_n (n = 1 or 2) exhibiting well resolved superhyperfine splitting from one or two halogen nuclei. The influence of the medium on the above interaction is also discussed.     

Studies on the interactions of copper(II) chelate complexes with SO2

The reaction of bis (acetylacetonato) copper(II) with SO₂ yields CuSo₄ as a final product. Using e.p.r. technique mixed-ligand complexes of the type Cu(acac) (acacSO₂) have been detected at 100 K. The e.p.r. spectrum of the latter complex disappeared under passing argon through the sample. Lewis bases accelerated the reaction. No interaction of SO₂ with other complexes containing CuO₂N₂, CuN₂S₂, CuS₄ chromophores has been detected. In a common solution of Cu(acac)₂ and Cu(dtc)₂ the reaction proceeded only with Cu(acac)₂ though a mixed-ligand complex Cu(acac) (dtc) was formed. The addition of bases accelerated the reaction, all spectra disappeared and only Cu^I(dtc) has been found as a final product.     

Iron(II) carbonyl complexes containing xanthate,dithiocarbamate or dithiophosphate ligands

Summary Starting from Fe(CO)₄I₂, octahedral Fe^II carbonyl derivatives of the types Fe(CO)₂(xan)₂, Fe(CO)₃(xan)I and Fe(CO)₃(dtc)I were prepared (xan = xanthate, dtc = dithiocarbamate). Infrared evidence was obtained for the formation of Fe(CO)₂(dtp)₂ complexes (dtp = dithiophosphate). The dixanthate complexes are also formed from Fe^II salts and potassium xanthates by CO absorption in MeOH/H₂O solution.     

ESR studies on the intermolecular interactions of the mononitrosyl chelate complexes of iron

Using ESR the exchange of ligands was studied between mononitrosyl chelate complexes of iron and chelate complexes of nickel with the following ligands: dithiocarbamate (dtc), dithiophosphate (dtp), dithiocarbonate (xant), 8-quinolinethiolate, 8-hydroxyquinoline, acetylacetonate and o-hydroxy- benzylideneaniline. For some mixed-ligand complexes the exchange of the covalency of the metal—ligand bond was evaluated. The interaction of the mononitrosyl complexes with Lewis acids (I₂ and Br₂) and bases (pyridine, DMFA and DMSO) was studied in the cases of Fe(NO)(dtc)₂, Fe(NO)(dtp)₂ and Fe(NO)(xant)₂. In both of the latter cases the interactions with Lewis acids and bases led to the formation of paramagnetic dinitrosyl complexes, while with Fe(NO)(dtc)₂ hexacoordinated mononitrosyl complexes were formed. A reaction pathway is suggested and discussed for the formation of the dinitrosyl complexes and their composition.     

Steric and electronic effects of N -coordinated NC − and NCS− on NiS2PN: synthesis,spectral and single crystal X-ray structural studies on N,N ′-di- n -butyldithiocarbamate complexes of nickel(II) with phosphorus and nitrogen donor ligands

Planar nickel(II) complexes involving N,N′-dibutyldithiocarbamate, such as [Ni(bu₂dtc)(PPh₃)(NC)] (1) and [Ni(bu₂dtc)(PPh₃)(NCS)] (2) (where bu₂dtc = N,N′-dibutyldithiocarbamate anion) have been prepared, characterized by electronic, IR and NMR spectra and their structures determined by single crystal X-ray crystallography. Cyclic voltammetric characterizations of the complexes are also reported. IR spectra of the two complexes indicate the isobidentate coordination (ν_c-s ? 1095 cm^?1 without splitting) of the dithiocarbamate moiety. The important stretching mode characteristic of the thioureide bond (ν_C–N) occurs at higher wave numbers compared to that of the parent dithiocarbamate complex [Ni(bu₂dtc)₂]. The electronic spectra of 1 and 2 show signature bands at 426 nm and 478 nm, respectively. NMR spectra show large ³¹P chemical shifts in both compounds and the most important N¹³CS₂ chemical shift appears at 204.86 ppm and 203.23 ppm for 1 and 2, respectively. The CV studies clearly show the presence of reduced electron density on the nickel ions in mixed-ligand complexes 1 and 2 compared to the parent dithiocarbamate. Single crystal X-ray structure studies show that 2 crystallizes as a new triclinic polymorph, whose molecular structure closely resembles that of the previously reported monoclinic form. Both complexes contain a planar NiS₂PN chromophore in keeping with the observed diamagnetism. In both complexes the Ni-S distances are significantly different. The thioureide C–N distances of the complexes are shorter than those observed in the parent [Ni(bu₂dtc)₂]. The two compounds allow comparison of the influence of NCS^? in place of NC^?.     

Unexpected formation of the copper(II) dinuclear mixed-ligand species in the ternary system of N,N,N′,N″,N″-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine with methionine- or histidinehydroxamic acids in aqueous solution

Equilibrium studies of the mixed-ligand complexes of the copper(II) ion with pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (N,N,N′,N″,N″-pentamethyl-[bis(2-aminoethyl)amine], Me₅dien) as a primary ligand and methioninehydroxamic acid (2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanehydroxamic acid, Metha) or histidinehydroxamic acid (2-amino-3-(4′-imidazolyl)propanehydroxamicacid, Hisha) as a secondary ligand L were performed by potentiometric titration, UV–Vis and EPR spectroscopy. The results show that in these ternary systems the dinuclear [Cu₂(Me₅dien)L₂H₋₁]⁺ mixed-ligand species is formed as a predominant one in the basic solution. The monouclear [Cu(Me₅dien)L]⁺ species is formed in low concentration. Our spectroscopic results indicate that the geometry of these mixed-ligand five-coordinate complexes is strongly distorted towards trigonal-bipyramidal.     

EPR study on the charge-transfer photochemistry of the bromide mixed-ligand dithiocarbamate complex of copper(II)

The EPR technique has been used to study the photolysis of the mixed-ligand complex Cu^II(Et₂dtc)Br in a 1:1 solvent mixture of chloroalkane and alcohol, where the chloroalkane is CCl₄, CHCl₃ or CH₂Cl₂ and the alcohol is MeOH, EtOH, i-PrOH or i-BuOH, in comparison with Cu^II(Et₂dtc)Cl photolysis in CHBr₃:ROH. It was found that while Cu^II(Et₂dtc)Br photolysis in chloroalkane:ROH yielded Cu^II(Et₂dtc)Cl as an intermediate, the opposite conversion of Cu^II(Et₂dtc)Cl to Cu^II(Et₂dtc)Br proceeded via Cu^II(Et₂dtc)Cl photolysis in CHBr₃:ROH. The final photolytic products in both cases were tetraethylthiuramdisulphide and the corresponding copper(II) salt (CuCl₂ or CuBr₂, respectively). The results obtained by EPR allowed to get some insight into the behaviour of the primary photolytic products towards both components of the mixed solvent.     

Collision-Induced Decomposition (CID) of Triangular [Mo3S7-xSex]4+ Complexes (x = 0,3,7). A liquid SIMS and FTMS/MS study of [Mo3S7-xSex(Et2NCS2)3] +

[Mo₃S(S₂)₃(dtc)₃]I, [Mo₃S(SeS)₃(dtc)₃](dtc), and [Mo₃Se(Se₂)₃(dtc)₃](dtc) (dtc = N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate) were investigated by liquid SIMS-FTMS. The fragmentation pathways were essentially the same for the three compounds and can be explained by two types of fragmentation processes: stepwise abstraction of S/Se atoms as exemplified by the series [Mo₃X_z(dtc)₃]⁺ (4 ? z ? 7, X = S, Se), and ligand dissociation, as indicated by the generation of [Mo₃X_z(dtc)₂]⁺ (5 ? z ? 7, X = S, Se). The exclusive elimination of the Se-atoms from [Mo₃S(S_ax-Se_eq)₃(dtc)₃]⁺ confirmed the inequivalent reactivity of the bridging atoms in axial and equatorial position as observed in previous studies. Collision-induced decomposition (CID) of [Mo₃S₇(dtc)₃]⁺ ( 1 ), [Mo₃S₆(dtc)₃]⁺ ( 2 ), [Mo₃S(S_ax–Se_eq)₃(dtc)₃]⁺ ( 3 ), and [Mo₃Se₇(dtc)₃]⁺ ( 4 ) revealed distinctly different fragmentation reactions for the SIMS and CID mode. CID of 1, 3 , and 4 resulted in a two-step reaction with the exclusive elimination of diatomic molecules XY (X,Y = S/Se). In the case of 3 , the selective elimination of Se₂ indicated the abstraction of two Se-atoms located in equatorial positions of two different bridging groups. This result is discussed in terms of mechanisms, based on labile M? X_eq and inert M? X_ax bonds with an intramolecular formation of a X₄ fragment prior to the elimination of X₂.     

Fullerene complexes with divalent metal dithiocarbamates: structures,magnetic properties,and photoconductivity

A series of complexes of fullerenes C₆₀ and C₇₀ with metal dithiocarbamates {M^II(R₂dtc)₂}·C_m (m = 60 or 70) and metal dithiocarbamates coordinated to nitrogen-containing ligands (L), {M^II(R₂dtc)₂)_x·L}·C₆₀ (x = 1 or 2), where M = Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, Mn, or Fe, R = Me, Et, Prⁿ, Prⁱ, or Buⁿ, L is 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), N,N′-dimethylpiperazine, or hexamethylenetetramine, were synthesized. The shape of dithiocarbamate molecules is sterically compatible with the spherical shape of C₆₀, resulting in an efficient interaction between their π systems. The resulting compounds are characterized by a layered or three-dimensional packing of the fullerene molecules. In the C₆₀ complexes, iron(II) and manganese(II) dithiocarbamates exist in the high-spin states (S = 2 and 5/2). The magnetic susceptibility of {M^II(Et₂dtc)₂}₂·C_m (M = Fe or Mn, m = 60 or 70) in the temperature range of 200–300 K is described by the Curie-Weiss law with Θ = −250 and −96 K and with maxima at 110 and 46 K, respectively, which is indicative of a strong antiferromagnetic spin coupling between M^II. The Weiss constants for the [{M^II(Et₂dtc)₂}₂·DABCO]·C₆₀·(DABCO)₂ complexes (M = Fe or Mn) are 1.7 and 0.3 K, respectively. The magnetic moments of the complexes containing Fe and Mn dithiocarbamates slightly increase at temperatures below 50 and 35 K, respectively, which is evidence of the ferromagnetic spin coupling between M^II in {M^II(Et₂dtc)₂}₂·DABCO. Single crystals of the complexes exhibit low dark conductivity (10⁻¹⁰–10⁻¹¹ S cm⁻¹). The visible light irradiation of these crystals leads to an increase in the photocurrent by two–three orders of magnitude. The photogeneration of free charge carriers in the complexes occurs both due to the photoexcitation of metal dithiocarbamate (Cu^II(Et₂dtc)₂) and through the charge transfer from metal dithiocarbamate (M^II(Et₂dtc)₂, M = Zn or Cd) to C₆₀. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 11, pp. 2072–2087, November, 2007.     

Density functional investigation and bonding analysis of pentacoordinated iron complexes with mixed cyano and carbonyl ligands

The equilibrium structures and vibrational frequencies of the iron complexes [Fe⁰(CN)_n(CO)_5?n]^n? and [Fe^II(CN)_n(CO)_5?n]^2?n (n = 0–5) have been calculated at the BP86 level of theory. The Fe⁰ complexes adopt trigonal bipyramidal structures with the cyano ligands occupying the axial positions, whereas corresponding Fe²⁺ complexes adopt square pyramidal structures with the cyano ligands in the equatorial positions. The calculated geometries and vibrational frequencies of the mixed iron Fe⁰ carbonyl cyanide complexes are in a very good agreement with the available experimental data. The nature of the Fe? CN and Fe? CO bonds has been analyzed with both charge decomposition and energy partitioning analysis. The results of energy partitioning analysis of the Fe? CO bonds shows that the binding interactions in Fe⁰ complexes have 50–55% electrostatic and 45–50% covalent character, whereas in Fe²⁺ 45–50% electrostatic and 50–55% covalent character. There is a significant contribution of the π‐ orbital interaction to the Fe? CO covalent bonding which increases as the number of the cyano groups increases, and the complexes become more negatively charged. This contribution decreases in going from Fe⁰ to Fe²⁺ complexes. Also, this contribution correlates very well with the C? O stretching frequencies. The Fe? CN bonds have much less π‐character (12–30%) than the Fe? CO bonds. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010     

The crystal structure,equilibrium and spectroscopic studies of bis(dialkyldithiocarbamate) copper(II) complexes [Cu2(R2dtc)4] (dtc=dithiocarbamate)

Four copper(II) complexes of bis(dialkyldithiocarbamate) [Cd(R₂dtc)₂] (R=Me, Et, Pr, i-Pr; dtc=dithiocarbamate) have been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and ESR spectra studies. Their equilibrium constants (K), determined by a UV–vis spectrometry in EtOH, were influenced by the alkyl groups in the following order: i-Pr>n-Pr≈Et>Me. The single crystal structures of complex [Cu₂(R₂dtc)₄] have been determined using X-ray diffraction methods. The compounds [Cu₂(Et₂dtc)₄] and [Cu₂(Pr₂dtc)₄] are built of centrosymmetric neutral dimeric [Cu₂(R₂dtc)₄] entities. The copper atom lies in a distorted square–pyramidal environment. The four equatorial donors are two bidentate chelate sulfur atoms from two dtc ligands. One of the sulfur atoms from the third dtc ligand acts as a bridging ligand occupying the apical position of the symmetry-related copper atom in the dimer structure, which is viewed as two edge-sharing distorted square–pyramids. The structure of [Cu₂(i-Pr₂dtc)₄] is square planar with an exactly planar CuS₄ unit and nearly planar NCS₂ moieties. The Cu–S distances shows small decreases along the series n-Pr>Et>i-Pr, the biggest change being for the diisopropyl complex. The alkyl substituents at the nitrogen atom affect their coordination number and Cu⋯Cu distance. In the solid, [Cu₂(n-Pr₂dtc)₄] has the shortest Cu⋯Cu distance and [Cu(i-Pr₂dtc)₂] has the longest one.     

Effect of solvent and remote ligand substituents on the photochemical behaviour of copper(II) dithiocarbamates and dithiophosphates

The photochemical properties of bis(dithiocarbamato)Cu^II, Cu(R¹dtc)₂, and bis(dithiophosphato)Cu^II, Cu(R₂ ²dtp)₂, complexes with different remote ligand substituents (R¹ = piperidine, morpholine, pyrrolidine and 4-phenylpiperazine; R² = Me, Et and i-Pr) have been studied in chloromethanes (CCl₄, CHCl₃, CH₂Cl₂), chloromethanes/EtOH and PhMe. The monomeric species Cu^II(R¹dtc)Cl and its chloride-bridged dimeric form Cu₂(R¹dtc)₂Cl₂ were subsequently obtained during Cu(R¹dtc)₂ photolysis in chloromethane/EtOH mixtures and the steady-state concentration of Cu₂(R¹dtc)₂Cl₂ was found to depend on the EtOH content in the mixed solvents as well as on the nature of R¹ and the oxidising ability of the chloromethane. The appearance of the mixed-ligand complex Cu^II(R₂ ²dtp)Cl has been observed as an intermediate photoproduct after longer u.v.-irradiation of Cu(R₂ ²dtp)₂ in chloromethanes/EtOH.     

Novel hydridotris(pyrazolyl)borate ruthenium(II) complexes containing the water-soluble phosphane 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane: Synthesis and evaluation of DNA binding properties

A series of half-sandwich ruthenium(II) complexes containing κ³(N,N,N)-hydridotris(pyrazolyl)borate (κ³(N,N,N)-Tp) and the water-soluble phosphane 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA) [RuX{κ³(N,N,N)-Tp}(PPh₃)_2−n(PTA)_n] (n = 2, X = Cl (1), n = 1, X = Cl (2), I (3), NCS (4), H (5)) and [Ru{κ³(N,N,N)-Tp}(PPh₃)(PTA)L][PF₆] (L = NCMe (6), PTA (7)) have been synthesized. Complexes containing 1-methyl-3,5-diaza-1-azonia-7-phosphaadamantane(m-PTA) triflate [RuCl{κ³(N,N,N)-Tp}(m-PTA)₂][CF₃SO₃]₂ (8) and [RuX{κ³(N,N,N)-Tp}(PPh₃)(m-PTA)][CF₃SO₃] (X = Cl (9), H (10)) have been obtained by treatment, respectively, of complexes 1, 2 and 5 with methyl triflate. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis for complexes 1, 2 and 4 have been carried out. DNA binding properties by using a mobility shift assay and antimicrobial activity of selected complexes have been evaluated.     

Gemischtligandkomplexbildung durch Thermische Reaktion von Metall(II) - Thioselenocarbamaten EPR- und massenspektrometrische Untersuchungen

Mixed Ligand Complex Formation by Thermal Reactions of Metal(II) Thioselenocarbamate Chelates. EPR and Mass Spectrometric Investigations At higher temperatures metal(II) thioselenocarbamates M(R₂tsc)₂ (M = Cu, Ni, Pd, Pt) react to form M(R₂tsc)(R₂dsc) and M(R₂tsc)(R₂dtc) (dtc = dithiocarbamate, dsc = diselenocarbamate) mixed-ligand chelates. If Cu^II species are participated the mixed-ligand complex formation can be the followed by EPR spectroscopy. The reaction is irreversible, and the rate depends on the temperature, the substituent R, and the solvent used. The complexes M(Et₂tsc)(Et₂dsc) and M(Et₂tsc)(Et₂dtc) formed during the thermal reaction of M(Et₂tsc)₂ chelates (M = Ni, Pd, Pt) can be detected by EPR spectroscopy using the ligand-exchange reaction with [Cu(mnt)₂]^2?(mnt = maleonitriledithiolate). As results the spectra of [Cu(mnt)(Et₂tsc)]^?, [Cu(mnt)(Et₂dsc)]^? and [Cu(mnt)(Et₂dtc)]^? are observed.     

The effect of chloroalkane/alcohol solvent composition on the photochemical properties of copper(II) dithiocarbamate mixed-ligand complexes. EPR study

The EPR technics has been used to study the effect of solvent composition on the photochemical conversion of Cu(II) dithiocarbamate mixed-ligand complexes Cu(Et₂dtc)X (X=Cl⁻, Br⁻) and Cu(Et₂dtc)⁺…Y⁻ (Y⁻=ClO₄⁻, NO₃⁻) in chloroalkane/alcohol solutions, where chloroalkane=CCl₄, CHCl₃ or CH₂Cl₂ and alcohol=MeOH, EtOH, i-PrOH or i-BuOH. The obtained results allow to get some insight into the behaviour of the mixed-ligand complexes towards the halogen donation power of chloroalkanes and the co-ordination abilities of alcohols. The paper deals with the nature of the complexes obtained as intermediate products of photolysis.     

Nickel(IV) dithiocarbamato complexes of the [Ni(ndtc)3]X type: X-ray structure of [Ni(hmidtc)3][FeCl4]

A series of fourteen octahedral nickel(IV) dithiocarbamato complexes of the general formula [Ni(ndtc)₃]X·yH₂O {ndtc stands for the appropriate dithiocarbamate anion, X stands for ClO₄⁻ (1-8; y = 0) or [FeCl₄]⁻ (9-14; y = 0 for 9-12, 1 for 13 and 0.5 for 14} was prepared by the oxidation of the corresponding nickel(II) complexes, i.e. [Ni(ndtc)₂], with NOClO₄ or FeCl₃. The complexes, involving a high-valent Ni^IVS₆ core, were characterized by elemental analysis (C, H, N, Cl and Ni), UV-Vis and FTIR spectroscopy, thermal analysis and magnetochemical and conductivity measurements. The X-ray structure of [Ni(hmidtc)₃][FeCl₄] (9) was determined {it consists of covalently discrete complex [Ni(hmidtc)₃]⁺ cations and [FeCl₄]⁻ anions} and this revealed slightly distorted octahedral and tetrahedral geometries within the complex cations, and anions, respectively. The Ni(IV) atom is six-coordinated by three bidentate S-donor hexamethyleneiminedithiocarbamate anions (hmidtc), with Ni-S bond lengths ranging from 2.2597(5) to 2.2652(5) Å, while the shortest Ni···Cl and Ni···Fe distances equal 4.1043(12), and 6.2862(6) Å, respectively. Moreover, the formal oxidation state of iron in [FeCl₄]⁻ as well as the coordination geometry in its vicinity was also proved by ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy in the case of 9.     

Molecular structures and supramolecular association of chlorodiorganotin(IV) complexes with bis- and tris-dithiocarbamate ligand

Two series of di and trinuclear chlorodiorganotin(IV) complexes derived from bis- and tris-dithiocarbamate ligands have been prepared and structurally characterized. The dinuclear complexes 1-2 of the composition {(R₂SnCl)₂(bis-dtc)} (1, R = Me; 2, R = ⁿBu) have been obtained from R₂SnCl₂ (R = Me, ⁿBu) and the triethylammonium salt of N,N′-dibenzyl-1,2-ethylene-bis(dithiocarbamate). The trinuclear complexes 3-9 with the general formula {(R₂SnCl)₃(tris-dtc)} 3, R = Me, tris-dtc = tris-dtc-Me; 4, R = Me, tris-dtc = tris-dtc-ⁱPr; 5, R = Me, tris-dtc = tris-dtc-Bn; 6, R = ⁿBu, tris-dtc = tris-dtc-Me; 7, R = ⁿBu, tris-dtc = tris-dtc- ⁱPr; 8, R = ⁿBu, tris-dtc = tris-dtc-Bn; 9, R = ^tBu, tris-dtc = tris-dtc-Me) were prepared from R₂SnCl₂ (R = Me, ⁿBu, ^tBu) and the potassium dithiocarbamate salts of (tris[2-(methylamino)ethyl]amine) (tris-dtc-Me), (tris[2-(isopropylamino)ethyl]amine) (=tris-dtc-ⁱPr) and (tris[2-(benzylamino)ethyl]amine) (=tris-dtc-Bn). Compounds 1-9 have been analyzed as far as possible by elemental analysis, FAB⁺ mass spectrometry, IR and NMR (¹H, ¹³C, ¹¹⁹Sn) spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The solid state and solution studies showed that the dtc ligands are coordinated to the tin atoms in the anisobidentate manner. In all cases the metal centers are five-coordinate. The coordination geometry is intermediate between square-pyramidal and trigonal-bipyramidal coordination polyhedra with τ-values in the range of 0.32-0.53. For the members of each series characterized in the solid state by X-ray diffraction analysis, different molecular conformations were found. The crystal structures show the presence of C-H?Cl, C-H?S, C-H?π, S?Cl, S?S, Cl?Sn and S?Sn contacts.     

Anion-induced assembly of two distinct copper(II) coordination polymers with a versatile multidentate N-donor ligand

Reaction of a ligand N-(3,5-di-2-pyrazinyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-2-pyrazinecarboxamide (Hpztp) with CuSO₄ and Cu(acac)₂ (acac = acetylacetonate), respectively, yields two distinct Cu^II coordination polymers {[Cu₃(pztp)₂(SO₄)₂(H₂O)₂]·3H₂O} _n and {[Cu(pztp)(acac)]·0.5H₂O} _n . Both complexes have been structurally determined and also characterized by physicochemical and spectroscopic methods. The results reveal that by using different anions (SO₄ ^2? versus acac^?), the dimensionality (from 2D to 1D) of the resulting coordination architectures as well as conformations and binding fashions of the pztp ligand are significantly changed. That is to say, the selection of anions will play a key role in inducing the formation of the crystalline materials. The thermal stabilities of both complexes have also been explored and discussed.     

Low-temperature thermodynamics of Ln(Me2dtc)3(C12H8N2) (Me2dtc = dimethyldithiocarbamate, Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Sm)

The heat capacities of Ln(Me₂dtc)₃(C₁₂H₈N₂) (Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Me₂dtc = dimethyldithiocarbamate) have been measured by the adiabatic method within the temperature range 78–404 K. The temperature dependencies of the heat capacities, C _p,m [La(Me₂dtc)₃(C₁₂H₈N₂)] = 542.097 + 229.576 X ? 27.169 X ² + 14.596 X ³ ? 7.135 X ⁴ (J K^?1 mol^?1), C _p,m [Pr(Me₂dtc)₃(C₁₂H₈N₂)] = 500.252 + 314.114 X ? 17.596 X ² ? 0.131 X ³ + 16.627 X ⁴ (J K^?1 mol^?1), C _p,m [Nd(Me₂dtc)₃(C₁₂H₈N₂)] = 543.586 + 213.876 X ? 68.040 X ² + 1.173 X ³ + 2.563 X ⁴ (J K^?1 mol^?1) and C _p,m [Sm(Me₂dtc)₃(C₁₂H₈N₂)] = 528.650 + 216.408 X ? 16.492 X ² + 12.076 X ³ + 4.912 X ⁴ (J K^?1 mol^?1), were derived by the least-squares method from the experimental data. The heat capacities of Ce(Me₂dtc)₃(C₁₂H₈N₂) and Pm(Me₂dtc)₃(C₁₂H₈N₂) at 298.15 K were evaluated to be 617.99 and 610.09 J K^?1 mol^?1, respectively. Furthermore, the thermodynamic functions (entropy, enthalpy and Gibbs free energy) have been calculated using the obtained experimental heat capacity data.