Polarographic study of mixed ligand complexes of Pb(II) with carboxylate ions and imidazole

Mixed complexes of Pb(II) with some carboxylate ions, viz. tartrate (tart^2?), malonate (mal^2?) and citrate (citr^3?); and imidazole (im) have been studied polarographically at 25°C and at constant ionic strength μ = 2.0 (NaNO₃) and at pH 6. The polarographic reduction of the complexes in each case is reversible and diffusion-controlled. Pb(II) forms a single mixed complex with tartrate and imidazole, viz [Pb(tart)(im)] with stability constant log β₁₁ = 4.19; with mal^2? and im, three mixed complexes, [Pb(mal)(im)], [Pb(mal)(im)₂] and [Pb(mal)₂(im)]^2? with stability constants log β₁₁ = 4.3, log β₁₂ = 7.3 and log β₂₁ = 5.5 respectively are formed. With citr^3? and im a single mixed species, [Pb(citr)(im)]^? with stability constant log β₁₁ = 8.0 is formed. Various equilibria involved in the mixed systems have been discussed.     

A study of mixed ligand complexes using differential pulse polarography

Differential pulse polarography was used to study the mixed ligand complexes of trimethylenediamine (TMDA) and oxalate (OX) with Cd(II) at constant ionic strength (μ = 1, NaNO₃) at 25°C. It has been found that the reduction of complexes is reversible and diffusion-controlled. Three mixed complexes, [Cd(TMDA)(OX)], [Cd(TMDA)(OX)₂]^2? and [Cd(TMDA)₂(OX)], are formed. Their overall stability constants are: log β₁₁ = 6.78, log β₁₂ = 7.53 and log β₂₁ = 8.20, respectively.     

Polarographic study of Eu(III)-succinate-ethylenediamine and Eu(III)-malonate-ethylenediamine mixed systems

The mixed complexes of Eu(III) with succinate (succ^2?) and malonate (mal^2?) and ethylenediamine (en) have been studied polarographically at 25°C and at constant ionic strength, μ = 0.1 (NaNO₃) and pH 6. The reduction of the complexes in each case is quasi-reversible and diffusion-controlled. In each system three mixed complexes are formed, viz. [Eu(succ)(en)]⁺, [Eu(succ)(en)2]⁺ and [Eu(succ)₂(en)]^? with stability constants log β₁₁ = 9.2, log β₁₂ = 17.5 and log β₂₁ = 11.7; and [Eu(mal)(en)]⁺, [Eu(mal)₂(en)₂]^? and [Eu(mal)₃(en)]^3? with stability constants log β₁₁ = 11.4, log β₂₂ = 19.08 and log β₃₁ = 13.5 respectively.     

Allyl complexes of dicyclopentadienyl-niobium(III) and -tantalum(III)

The synthesis and the properties of the complexes Cp₂TaCl₂, Cp₂M(allyl), Cp₂M(1-methylallyl) and Cp₂M(2-methylallyl) with M  Nb, Ta are described. The complex Cp₂TaCl₂ has one unpaired electron per tantalum atom, while the allyl complexes are diamagnetic. The IR and PMR spectra indicate that the allyl group is π-bonded to the metal. The mass spectra of the complexes are discussed; the thermal stability of the Cp₂Nb- and Cp₂Ta-(allyl) complexes was investigated by differential thermal analysis. The properties of the niobium and tantalum complexes are compared with those of the corresponding titanium complexes.     

Equilibrium study of the systems of aluminium(III), gallium(III) and indium(III) with mercaptoacetate, 3-mercaptopropionate and 2-mercaptobenzoate

Equilibrium studies were carried out by pH-potentiometry on the systems of aluminium(III), gallium(III) and indium(III) with mercaptoacetate (MerAc^2?), 3-mercaptopropionate (MerPr^2?) and 2-mercaptobenzoate (MerBe^2?). It was found that the complex-forming properties of the Al³⁺ ion towards these mercaptocarboxylic acid ligands differ from those of Ga³⁺ and Al³⁺. Under the conditions of the study, Al³⁺ forms only hydroxo complexes, while Ga³⁺ and In³⁺ form relatively stable complexes involving the simultaneous coordination of the carboxylate and the deprotonated mercapto group. In all cases the equilibrium systems can be described without the assumption of polynuclear complexes. The complexes Ga(MerAc)₂ and Ga(MerBe)₂ show marked stability; this was interpreted in terms of back-coordination and of interaction between the d¹⁰ electrons of the Ga³⁺ ion and the empty d orbitals of the S donor atom. Complexes of composition ML_i are not formed in the Ga³⁺-MerPr^2? system; this points to the importan roles of the number of atoms in the chelate ring and the higher stability of the Ga(III)-hydroxo complexes.     

Potentiometric investigation mixed ligand complexes of Ni(II) with DL-methionine and Dl-ethionine in aqueous solution

The formation of mixed ligand complexes of Ni(II) with DL-methionine in aqueous solution was investigated. The composition and stability constants of the complexes were determined by the potentiometric method.     

Tris(difluoro and trifluorobutane-2,4-dionato) gallium(III) and indium(III) complexes

Eight tris(β-diketonate)gallium(III) and seven tris(β-diketonate)-indium(III) complexes M(RCOCH-COR′)₃, with R′being difluoromethyl and trifluoromethyl substituents and R′ being methyl, phenyl, aryl, 2′-naphthyl and 2′-thienyl substituents have been studied by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The complexes are all nonrigid (fluxional) and their ¹⁹F NMR spectra show four resonances in the nonexchanging regions due to cis and trans isomers. A variable low temperature study of these complexes was done for the gallium chelates and activation parameters are calculated. The indium complexes all have nonexchanging regions below ?100°C. The ¹³C NMR data on the complexes are also reported.     

Cationic dihydridoiridium(III) complexes of nitriles

The reaction of [IrL(CO)(PPh₃)₂]ClO₄ (PPh₃ = triphenylphosphine) with H₂ produces new cationic dihydridoiridium(III) complexes of nitriles (L), [Ir(H)₂L(CO)(PPh₃)₂]ClO₄ [L = CH₃CN (1), CH₃CH₂CN (2), CH₃CH₂CH₂CN (3) and C₆H₅CN (4)], where nitriles are coordinated through the nitrogen atom. Proton NMR spectral data for complexes 1–4 suggest that the two hydrides in each complex are cis to each other and trans to CO and nitrogen (nitrile), and the two PPh₃ are trans to each other.     

Thiosemicarbazide complexes of antimony(III) halides

Some hitherto unknown complexes of thiosermicarbazide (Htsc) and antimony(III) halides have been synthesized in 1,4-dioxane. The elemental analyses have indicated that these compounds are of the type Sb(CH₅N₃S)Cl₃ and Sb(CH₅N₃S)X₃.C₄H₈O₂, where X = Br or I. The electronic and vibration spectral analyses have shown that Htsc acts as a bidentate ligand in these complexes, linking through sulphur and “the hydrazine terminal nitrogen” to Sb(III).     

Metal template synthesis of chromium(III) complexes

Chromium(III) complexes of Schiff bases resulting from the condensation of one mole of diacetyl with two moles of ethylene-diamine or 1,3 diaminopropane has been isolated by metal template reaction. The isolated complexes have been assigned cis configurations.     

(1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane) (diamine or alanine)-Cobalt(III) complexes

(1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane) [diamine or (S)-alanine]-cobalt(III) complexes [diamine = ethylenediamine, 2-(aminomethyl)pyridine, (R)-1,2-propanediamine, (R,R)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane, trimethylenediamine and 2-methyl-1,3-diaminopropane] are prepared and characterized spectroscopically. The ligand field transitions occur at lower energies than those of the corresponding tetraamine analogues. Severe distortions caused by the too small size of the cyclic ligand are one of the origins. The distortions also exert influence upon circular dichroism spectra.     

Four- and five-coordinate copper(II) complexes containing mixed ligands

New copper(II) complexes of general formula, Cu(ONS)B (ONS = the di-negatively charged Schiff base, S-benzyl-β-N-(2-hydroxyphenyl) methylendithiocarbazate; B = pyridine, 2,2′-dipyridyl or 1,10-phenanthroline) have been synthesized and characterised by magnetic and spectroscopic measurements. The complex, Cu(ONS)py is four-coordinate and square-planar. Magnetic and spectroscopic data support a five-coordinate, presumably, a trigonal-bipyramidal structure for the [Cu(ONS)dipy] and (Cu(ONS)phen] complexes     

Synthesis and characterization of diethylphosphino Ga(III) and In(III) complexes with covalent metal-phosphorus bonds

The covalent derivatives [Et₂M-PEt₂]₃ (M = Ga, In) have been prepared from Lewis acid-base complexes, R₃M.PHEt₂, by alkane elimination and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, ¹H and ³¹P NMR spectroscopy. Features of the mass spectra reveal a trimeric form and the strength of the [M-P]_n ring. For the compound [ClMeGa-PEt₂]_n, spectral data are consistent with a weakening of the [Ga-P]_n chain, in good agreement with the pyrolysis results.     

A polarographic study of the mixed complexes of Pb(II) with oxalate and malonate ions

The coordinated mixed Pb(II)-oxalate-malonate system has been polarographically studied in aqueous medium. The ionic strength has been maintained constant at μ = 1.0 by using NaClO₄. Application of the Schaap and McMasters method detected only the existence of the [Pb-ox-mal]_2? complex, the overall stability constant of which was β₁₁ = 4.1 x 10⁵.The various coordination equilibria are discussed on the basis of statistical aspects.     

Characterization of Cr(III)-Zr(IV) mixed and Sn(II) doped hydrous oxides

Surface and structural properties of chromium-zirconium mixed and Sn(II)doped hydrous oxide gels have been compared with chromium oxide hydrate gel by the use of thermal analysis, IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy and magnetic measurements. The mixed and doped oxide gels were found to have a hexagonal close packed stacking of O, OH and H₂O ligands with chromium ions distributed in octahedral sites with little degree of order among them. The microstructure of the gels are characterized by the presence of large aggregates of chromium hydroxides, fine granular sheets due to HCrO₂ phase and Cr(OH)₃ microcrystallites. Magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate anti-ferromagnetic behaviour of these gels.     

μ-Peroxodicobalt(III) complexes containing aromatic ligands

A series of new μ-peroxodicobalt(III) complexes have been prepared and characterized. Studies of the chemical and physical properties of these complexes were carried out using IR, electronic and NMR spectroscopy along with conductivity, magnetic susceptibility and thermogravimetric measurements. The complexes [Co₂(dpk·dien)₂ (dpk·H₂O)O₂] (ClO₄)₄·H₂O, [Co₂(dpk)₄(py)₂O₂](ClO₄)₄·4H₂O, [Co₂(dpk·H₂O₄(py)₂O₂] (ClO₄)₄, and [Co₂(dpk)₂(terpy)₂O₂](ClO₄)₄ were prepared by bubbling oxygen through a solution containing Co(NO₃)₂, NaClO₄, and the appropriate ligand mixture. Electronic spectral studies are consistent with the formulation as binuclear peroxo complexes. Thermogravimetric studies reveal the stoichiometric loss of O₂ and H₂O below 100°C. The auxiliary ligands, pyridine (py), diethylenetriamine (dien) and terpyridine (terpy) are lost at higher temperatures. Molar conductance of these complexes is indicative of a 4:1 electrolyte while magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate the diamagnetic character of the above four complexes. Three additional complexes of Co(II) containing di-2-pyridyl ketone (dpk) and terpy were prepared to compare spectral changes upon oxygenation.     

Synthesis and characterization of neutral ligand-bridged binuclear dialkylcobalt(III) complexes

A series of neutral ligand-bridged binuclear dialkylcobalt(III) chelates has been prepared. Chelate systems based on monoanions of dimethylglyoxime (dm     

Synthesis and characterisation of a new mixed [Si(IV), Al(III)] μ-oxo-isopropoxide and its acid complexes

Reaction of dimethyldiacetoxysilane with aluminium isopropoxide was carried out in 1 : 2 molar ratio in refluxing cyclohexane and a mixed [Si(IV), Al(III)] μ-oxo-isopropoxide of the composition Me₂SiO₂Al₂(OPrⁱ)₄ was isolated. This compound was characterised by elemental analysis and IR and NMR spectral studies. The tertiary butanol derivative, Me₂SiO₂Al₂(OBu^t)₄, was prepared by alcoholysis. Reactions of this mixed [Si(IV), Al(III)] μ-oxo-isopropoxide with monobasic bidentate carboxylic acids, such as trans-cinnamic acid (HCA) and dihydrocinnamic acid (HDCA) and with dibasic tridentate carboxylic acids such as salicylic acid (H₂SA) and benzilic acid (H₂BA) were also studied. Products of the type Me₂SiO₂Al₂(OPrⁱ)_4-n(L)_n [where HL = trans-cinnamic acid (HCA), dihydrocinnamic acid (HDCA) and n = 1,2,3 or 4] and Me₂SiO₂Al₂(OPrⁱ)_4-2n(L)_n [where H₂L = salicylic acid (H₂SA), benzilic acid (H₂BA) and n = 1 or 2] were isolated and characterised by elemental and spectral studies.     

A binuclear tantalum(III) complex with a bridging carboxylato ligand

Ta₂Cl₆(SMe₂)₃ reacts with one equivalent of C₄H₉CO₂Li to give a complex with a bridging carboxylate ligand, Ta₂Cl₅(O₂CC₄H₉)(SMe₂)(THF)₂. The product was isolated in two crystalline forms, 1 and 2, from a THF/hexane and benzene/hexane solvent mixture, respectively. The following are the unit cell parameters, for 1: monoclinic (P2₁/n), a = 10.537(5) Å, b = 22.015(4) Å, c = 11.663(4) Å, β = 107.80(3)°, V = 2576(3) ų, and Z = 4; for 2: monoclinic (P2₁/c), a = 15.584(4) Å, b = 15.647(4) Å, c = 11.275(3) Å, β = 106.04(5)°, V = 2642(3) ų and Z = 4. The complex is a dimer with a distorted octahedra-sharing-an-edge geometry. The TaTa distances in 1 and 2 were 2.766(1) Å and 2.779(1) Å, respectively, which is somewhat longer than in previously reported Nb(III) and Ta(III) dinuclear compounds. Diamagnetism of the complex is shown by NMR. Fenske—Hall calculations, which correctly predict an electronic transition at about 16,000 cm^?1, indicate a double TaTa bond. The observed elongation of the metalmetal bond is attributed mainly to steric crowding. The complex is the first proven low-valent Ta species with a coordinated carboxylate ion.     

Redox properties of NN′-X-phenylenebis(Y-salicyli-deneiminato)iron(II) complexes and reactivity of the corresponding iron(III) complexes towards catecholates

The electrochemical behaviour of a series of iron(II) complexes with the tetradentate ligand NN′-1,2-phenylenebis(salicylideneimine), [Fe(II)L], was studied in non-aqueous solvents. The redox properties of the complexes were related to the nature of the substituents in the aromatic rings. Attention was devoted to dioxygen reactivity of the complexes. The electrode activity of the catechol—[NN′-1,2-phenylenebis(salicylidene-iminato) iron(III)] system, [Fe(III)L(catH)], was also studied; the results gave evidence that both the electrochemical oxidation and the chemical oxidation by dioxygen of [Fe(II)L] in the presence of catechol lead to the complex [Fe(III)L(catH)].