近红外漫反射光谱法检测小麦粉过氧化苯甲酰

国家已禁止向小麦粉中添加过氧化苯甲酰(BPO),快速检测小麦粉中BPO添加量对于保障食品安全非常重要.BPO在添入小麦粉中后部分会被还原成为苯甲酸,使得对其原始添加量的检测非常繁琐.本文探讨了利用近红外漫反射光谱法进行小麦粉中BPO添加当量检测的可行性.通过向无添加剂小麦粉中添加不同量的过氧化苯甲酰粉末,制备小麦粉样本...     

Comparison of chemometric methods in the analysis of pharmaceuticals with hyperspectral Raman imaging

Chemical imaging method of vibrational spectroscopy, which provides both spectral and spatial information, creates a three‐dimensional (3D) dataset with a huge amount of data. When the components of the sample are unknown or their reference spectra are not available, the classical least squares (CLS) method cannot be applied to create visualized distribution maps. Raman image datasets can be evaluated even in such cases using multivariate (chemometric) methods for extracting the needed hidden information. The capability of chemometrics‐assisted Raman mapping is evaluated through the analysis of pharmaceutical tablets (considered as unknown) with the aim of estimating the pure component spectra based on the collected Raman image. Six chemometric methods, namely, principal component analysis (PCA), maximum autocorrelation factors (MAF), sample–sample 2D correlation spectroscopy (SS2D), self‐modeling mixture analysis (SMMA), multivariate curve resolution–alternating least squares (MCR‐ALS), and positive matrix factorization (PMF), were compared. SMMA was found to be the best choice to determine the number of components. MCR‐ALS and PMF provided the pure component spectra with the highest quality. MCR‐ALS was found to be superior to PMF in the estimation of Raman scores (which correspond to the concentrations) and yielded almost the same results as CLS (using the real reference spectra). Thus, the combination of Raman mapping and chemometrics could be successfully used to characterize unknown pharmaceuticals, identify their ingredients, and obtain information about their structures. This may be useful in the struggles against illegal and counterfeit products and also in the field of pharmaceutical industry when contaminants are to be identified. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于GoogLeNet和空间谱变换的高光谱图像超分辨率方法

为了提高高光谱图像的空间分辨率,提出了一种基于GoogLeNet和空间谱变换的高光谱图像超分辨率(SR)方法.设计出遥感图像的光谱SR框架,对图像中不同反射光谱进行提取;采用GoogLeNet的稀疏编码对粗像素光谱进行放大,并投影到高分辨率字典上,将潜在SR表示进行反转,以获得超分辨光谱;为了提高图像重构的保真度,利用...     

谐衍射双波段红外超光谱探测系统研究

根据谐衍射元件的特殊色散原理及红外波段的窗口特性，将谐衍射透镜应用于红外超光谱探测器中.阐述了利用衍射光学元件色散特性的新型红外双波段超光谱探测成像的基本原理，给出了具体的系统设计实例.设计结果表明，此系统提高了图像的分辨率,增大了接收光能量的能力.在两个波段内同时较好地完成了系统的像差校正，波前差都小于1/4波长.在20线对/mm时, 光学传递函数在这两个波段内的各个变焦位置均达到衍射极限. 关键词： 谐衍射元件 超光谱探测 光学设计     

激光波长对拉曼散射水温遥感系统测温精度及探测深度的影响

机载激光拉曼散射雷达技术可以快速获取次表层海水温度的三维分布,具有重要的实用价值和经济价值.首先,从理论上分析了水的伸缩振动拉曼谱峰值位置和半高全宽与激发波长之间的对应关系,发现随着激发波长的增大,拉曼峰逐渐向长波方向移动,且拉曼光谱半高全宽显著增大.然后,实验测量了不同温度下450 nm激光和532 nm激光激发的水的拉曼光谱,对比验证了上述理论分析结果.并采用单高斯峰拟合法分析了两组拉曼光谱,拟合出高斯峰峰值位置与温度之间的关系,分析了激发波长对温度测量精度的影响.研究发现,采用较长波长的激发光可以提高拉曼光谱的测量精度,从而改善测温精度.最后,建立了拉曼散射雷达方程,分析了拉曼散射系数与激光波长之间的关系,研究了激光波长对雷达系统探测深度的影响.结果表明,激光波长对雷达系统探测深度有很大的影响,采用480 nm以下波长的激光时雷达系统探测深度较大,而采用长波段激光时雷达系统探测深度会大幅降低.实际系统设计中选取激光光源时需要综合考虑上述两方面的影响.     

基于光谱角累加的高光谱图像异常检测算法

针对传统方法中用作背景的像素中存在干扰像素的问题,提出一种基于光谱角累加的高光谱图像异常检测算法。通过计算测试区域待测像素光谱向量与其他光谱向量之间的夹角,并将其累加,得到图像中每个像素的异常程度;然后使用波段选择预处理方法进一步提高检测性能。HyMap高光谱数据验证表明,在虚警概率设为0.008时,检测概率达到0.73,即在提高异常检测可靠度的同时,降低了虚警概率。     

基于形态学空间特征的高光谱遥感图像分类方法

传统的高光谱图像分类主要是基于像素的光谱特征,在一定程度上忽略了高光谱遥感图像中像素之间的空间相关性。为了充分利用高光谱图像中的空间信息,提出了一种基于加权多结构元素无偏差形态学的空间特征提取方法,并基于形态学的多尺度特征和结构保持性提出了基于邻域的多尺度空间特征提取方法,得到了高光谱遥感图像的空间特征。对k-NN分类算法进行改进,提出了基于变精度粗糙集和重构误差的k-NN分类算法,实现了基于空间特征的高光谱遥感图像分类。在两个不同的高光谱遥感图像的实验验证了基于空间特征和改进k-NN分类算法的性能。     

基于反射率特性的高光谱遥感图像云检测方法研究

为了提高光谱遥感图像数据的利用率,提出了一种基于光谱反射率特性的星载高光谱图像云检测方法。首先分析了各类地物在不同光谱下的反射率特征,根据其特点从星载高光谱图像中选取特定5个波长的图像数据,然后依照图像地物反射率及阈值判定法区分出高云区和中低云区,最后对二者合并,得到目标云区。试验结果表明,该方法的云检测率可达90%以上,虚警率在1%以内,可以准确区分云与雪地区域、沙漠区域以及植被区域,实现云检测。     

基于拉曼激光雷达的大气三相态水同步精细探测分光系统的设计与仿真分析

水是惟一具有三相态的大气参数,三相态水的分布研究对认识云微物理、云降水物理以及人工影响天气过程具有重要的科学意义.在大气三相态水的拉曼激光雷达探测技术中,需首先解决三相态水的高光谱分光技术,以保证对回波信号的精细提取和高信噪比探测.考虑到水汽、液态水和固态水的拉曼光谱特性,本文首先通过理论仿真详细探讨了各拉曼通道中滤光片的选型参数对三相态水光谱重叠特性和探测信噪比的影响;并针对两者无法同时取得最优解的情况,提出了利用多目标规划问题的评价函数方法,分析获得了各通道最优的滤光片参数.结果表明,当固态水、液态水和水汽通道窄带滤光片中心波长和带宽分别为397.9 nm （3.1 nm）,403 nm （5 nm）和407.6 nm （0.6 nm）时,可获得各通道间最低的光谱重叠度值和最佳探测信噪比,从而实现了三相态水同步探测拉曼分光系统的优化设计.进一步的仿真结果表明,当激光雷达探测效率因子为1800 J·mm·min时,在有云条件下系统可获得白天3.6 km以上和晴天条件下4 km以上的三相态水有效探测,保证了利用拉曼激光雷达实现对三相态水的同步高信噪比探测,为后续大气三相态水的拉曼激光雷达同步探测和反演提供了技术和理论支持.     

Raman study of Fano interference in p‐type doped silicon

As the silicon industry continues to push the limits of device dimensions, tools such as Raman spectroscopy are ideal to analyze and characterize the doped silicon channels. The effect of inter‐valence band transitions on the zone center optical phonon in heavily p‐type doped silicon is studied by Raman spectroscopy for a wide range of excitation wavelengths extending from the red (632.8 nm) into the ultra‐violet (325 nm). The asymmetry in the one‐phonon Raman lineshape is attributed to a Fano interference involving the overlap of a continuum of electronic excitations with a discrete phonon state. We identify a transition above and below the one‐dimensional critical point (E = 3.4 eV) in the electronic excitation spectrum of silicon. The relationship between the anisotropic silicon band structure and the penetration depth is discussed in the context of possible device applications. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

由混合激发钠分子—原子系统产生的强度振荡变化的红外受激喇曼散射

本文报道以等频二步激发钠分子-原子系统,观测到强度随泵浦光的调谐而呈振荡变化的3P—4P受激喇曼散射,以及对应4D—4P和4F—3D跃迁的红外受激辐射和由四波混频产生的816.8～822.1nm区内可调谐相干辐射。文中对这些过程进行了分析讨论。     

Estimation of leaf chlorophyll content and density in Populus euphratica based on hyperspectral characteristic variables

Abstract

Chlorophylls are the most important pigments for photosynthesis and are related to the phenology and health status of plants. Monitoring the chlorophyll content and density of Populus euphratica leaves via remote sensing technology has great significance for restoring and reconstructing damaged desert ecosystems. In this study, Populus euphratica leaves were collected in the public welfare forest reserve of Awati county, Xinjiang, China. Spectral variables and the chlorophyll content and density of leaves were obtained, simple linear regression and multiple linear regression models were built to predict leaf chlorophyll content and density. The results showed that partial least-squares regression models are the most appropriate for chlorophyll content estimation and its determination coefficient and root mean square error were 0.630?～?0.745 and 0.031?～?0.240, respectively. The standard deviation to root mean square error ratio was greater than 1.8 and the ratio of the standard error of the laboratory to the standard error of prediction was close to 1 for the partial least-squares regression models. These results confirmed that chlorophyll content can be accurately predicted and the proposed partial least-squares regression models were adequate for estimating Populus euphratica chlorophyll content rapidly and nondestructively, representing an alternative to conventional measurement methods. The rapid monitoring of chlorophyll content can reflect the health condition of Populus euphratica in a timely manner and provide technical support for ecological reconstruction in arid areas.     

Multi parameter optimization of Raman Fiber Amplifier using genetic algorithm for S band dense wavelength division multiplexed system

A simple genetic algorithm is implemented to perform multi parameter optimization of Raman Fiber Amplifier for 100 channel S band dense wavelength division multiplexed system at 25 GHz interval. A cost effective system using single Raman pump is investigated aiming at maximum average gain. The single counter propagating pump is optimized to frequency of 211.528 THz and 652.93 mW power level with optimum Raman fiber length of 44.064 Km. There is evidence to show that the optimum solution presents a small gain variation (less than 3 dB) over an effective bandwidth covering 197–199.475 THz. The optimized configuration enabled an adequate system performance in terms of acceptable Q-factor (19.52 dB) and BER (1.46 × 10⁻²¹).     

基于便携式拉曼高光谱成像技术的散装奶粉中硫脲可视化现场快速检测方法研究

硫脲是一种含氮量高、毒性较大的潜在蛋白掺假化合物,常规的实验室检测方法过程复杂、效率低,无法满足口岸对大批次散装奶粉样本质量快速筛查的需求。为解决口岸抽样监管缺乏快速实时评价方法的难题,利用自主搭建的便携式点扫描拉曼高光谱成像系统,开发了一种简单高效的奶粉中硫脲现场可视化快速检测方法,确保散装奶粉在进出口环节的精准监管。研究以不同添加浓度（0.005%~2.000%）的硫脲奶粉混合物为样本,分别用Whittaker平滑方法和自适应迭代重加权惩罚最小二乘算法（airPLS）消除光谱数据的背景随机噪音信号和荧光背景干扰,峰值识别后对硫脲特征位移处的单波段数据进行二值化处理,得到混合样本感兴趣区域的二值热图,通过二值图中硫脲像素点的有无和坐标,对奶粉中的硫脲进行定性判别和定位分析。进一步分析得感兴趣区域内硫脲像素点数目与添加浓度的关系,结果表明随着添加浓度的增加,硫脲像素点数目呈线性增长趋势,其中线性拟合的决定系数(R2)为0.991 3,硫脲的最低检出浓度为0.05%。在0.25%,0.60%,1.20%和1.50%的添加水平下,利用像素点数目和线性拟合关系预测奶粉中硫脲的浓度,结果显示预测浓度的相对误差范围为-9.41%~4.01%,相对标准偏差小于7%。该点扫描拉曼高光谱成像系统能在10 min内完成单个样本的检测,结合软件控制系统,实时对奶粉中的硫脲颗粒进行定性、定量和污染分布分析,方法简单高效、准确性好、灵敏度高、稳定性强,为口岸现场对散装奶粉中硫脲掺假物的实时快速检测提供了技术监管手段,能显著提升口岸现场散装样本的监管环节质量评价的精准性,为进口奶粉快速通关提供技术保障。     

基于辅助光学系统的KB显微镜瞄准方法

 研究了利用辅助可见光系统精确瞄准KB显微镜物点的方法。设计了工作能点8 keV的周期多层膜KB显微镜系统,通过光线追迹和X射线成像实验,得到5 μm空间分辨率所对应的视场和景深,进而计算出诊断实验对应的指向和景深要求。基于KB系统的物像关系和精度要求,设计了辅助的可见光成像系统,实现了可见光系统与X射线KB系统间的等效瞄准,利用耦合好的系统进行了瞄准和X射线成像实验。实验结果表明:辅助光路可以实现±20 μm的垂轴面和±300 μm的轴向定位精度,满足KB显微镜的瞄准要求。     

中子半影成像的闪烁体阵列空间分辨力模拟

为了比较3种闪烁体探测器的性能,利用蒙特卡罗方法计算了不同光纤直径的闪烁体阵列的空间分辨和能量沉积。模拟结果表明:相同光纤直径的普通液体闪烁体阵列空间分辨力比塑料闪烁体阵列提高了约0.1 mm,而氘代液体闪烁体阵列空间分辨力约为普通液体闪烁体阵列的1/2;富氢闪烁体的能量沉积比氘代闪烁体高;闪烁体光纤直径越小,分辨力越好;闪烁体越厚,光产额越高。     

Noticeable positive Doppler effect on optical bistability in an N-type active Raman gain atomic system

We theoretically investigate the Doppler effect on optical bistability in an N-type active Raman gain atomic system inside an optical ring cavity.It is shown that the Doppler effect can greatly enhance the dispersion and thus create the bistable behaviour or greatly increase the bistable region,which has been known as the positive Doppler effect on optical bistability.In addition,we find that a positive Doppler effect can change optical bistability from the hybrid dispersion-gain type to a dispersive type.     

光学频率梳空间光谱分辨精度研究

光学频率梳的高精度光谱整形在微波光子学、光谱学及通信光学等学科领域具有广泛应用. 为了描述和评价光学频率梳光谱整形系统的光谱分辨精度, 使用光线追迹的方法对单光栅、平行光栅对、单光栅透镜变换和反平行光栅 对透镜变换四种结构的空间色散能力进行了理论建模和分析, 得到了输出面上不同波长的光斑间距和光斑大小, 设立判据得到系统的光谱空间分离能力. 计算结果表明, 使用后面两种色散结构更容易实现高精度光谱分离和整形; 波长较长、纵模间距较大、光斑尺寸较大的光学频率梳更适合作为光谱整形系统的光源; 光栅刻线密度高、入射角小、多次通过色散系统有利于得到更高的光谱分辨精度. 本文的分析和计算过程具有普遍适用性, 对基于光学频率梳的高精度光谱整形系统的实验和评价具有指导意义.     

Parameter identification of chaos system based on unknown parameter observer

Parameter identification of chaos system based on unknown parameter observer is discussed generally. Based on the work of Guan et al. [X.P. Guan, H.P. Peng, L.X. Li, et al., Acta Phys. Sinica 50 (2001) 26], the design of unknown parameter observer is improved. The application of the improved approach is extended greatly. The works in some literatures [X.P. Guan, H.P. Peng, L.X. Li, et al., Acta Phys. Sinica 50 (2001) 26; J.H. Lü, S.C. Zhang, Phys. Lett. A 286 (2001) 148; X.Q. Wu, J.A. Lu, Chaos Solitons Fractals 18 (2003) 721; J. Liu, S.H. Chen, J. Xie, Chaos Solitons Fractals 19 (2004) 533] are only the special cases of our Corollaries 1 and 2. Some observers for Lü system and a new chaos system are designed to test our improved method, and simulations results demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the improved approach.     

基于辅助光学系统的KB显微镜瞄准方法

研究了利用辅助可见光系统精确瞄准KB显微镜物点的方法。设计了工作能点8 keV的周期多层膜KB显微镜系统,通过光线追迹和X射线成像实验,得到5 μm空间分辨率所对应的视场和景深,进而计算出诊断实验对应的指向和景深要求。基于KB系统的物像关系和精度要求,设计了辅助的可见光成像系统,实现了可见光系统与X射线KB系统间的等效瞄准,利用耦合好的系统进行了瞄准和X射线成像实验。实验结果表明:辅助光路可以实现±20 μm的垂轴面和±300 μm的轴向定位精度,满足KB显微镜的瞄准要求。