Bi—Mo—Nb复合氧化物催化作用机理的ESR和XPS研究

用ＥＳＲ对比研究了掺杂Ｎｂ对α－Ｂｉ２Ｍｏ３Ｏ１２催化剂丙烯还原和氧再氧化的影响，并用ＸＰＳ原位Ａｒ＾＋溅射研究了催化剂的还原与再氧化过程，观察了上述过程中催化剂内金属离子的价态变化和晶格氧的扩散现象，提出了Ｂｉ－Ｍｏ间通过晶格氧扩散所发生的氧化还原作用及模型，探讨了Ｎｂ＾５＋取代ＭＯ＾６＋产生的氧空位对加速晶格氧扩散所起的作用。     

Mo－Fe／SiO_2催化剂中钼流失动力学和流失机理的研究

作为甲醇氧化制甲醛、甲醇氨氧化制ＨＣＮ反应的催化剂，其活性组分钼的流失是导致催化剂失活的主要原因。本文结合程序升温脱附（ＴＰＤ）及Ｘ－光衍射（ＸＲＤ）等测试手段，对Ｍｏ－Ｆｅ／ＳｉＯ_２催化剂及工业实际用多元复合钼催化剂中钼的流失动力学和机理进行了研究。在ＨＣＮ合成过程中，水能引起活性组分钼的流失，而水又是反应产物。对工业用多元复合钼催化剂的流失情况进行了动力学考察，实验发现，催化剂中的钼是较难流失的，ＸＲＤ测试结果表明，Ｍｏ－Ｆｅ／ＳｉＯ_２催化剂中的钼是以Ｆｅ_２（ＭｏＯ_４）_３晶体形式存在的，而反应后催化剂中Ｍｏ为ＭｏＯ_３晶体状态。与其它催化剂比较，ＭｏＯ_３／ＳｉＯ_２催化剂中的钼难流失，而较Ｂｉ－Ｍｏ／ＳｉＯ_２催化剂中的钼易流失。其中工业用催化剂是最为稳定的。根据实验结果，结合我们以前的工作，证明Ｍｏ－Ｆｅ／ＳｉＯ_２催化剂中，由于钼组分和铁组分的相互作用，使得Ｍｏ－Ｆｅ／ＳｉＯ_２中的Ｍｏ的流失难于单组分的ＭｏＯ_３／ＳｉＯ_２催化剂，此外钼流失过程中ＭｏＯ_２（ＯＨ）_２与催化剂中铁组分反应生成钼酸盐的倾向也是Ｍｏ难于流失的原因之一。而Ｍｏ－Ｆｅ／ＳｉＯ_２和Ｍｏ－Ｂｉ／ＳｉＯ_２催化剂中钼流失速度的差异     

CO2部分氧化乙烷制乙烯Pd—Cu／MoO3—SiO2催化剂的研究

用化学吸附－红外光谱、化学吸附－程序升温脱附（ＴＰＤ）和微型反应技术研究了Ｐｄ－Ｃｕ／ＭｏＯ３－ＳｉＯ２（ＭｏＳＯ）催化剂对ＣＯ２和乙烷的吸附活化和部分氧化反应性能．结果表明，乙烷以Ｃ—Ｈ键中的Ｈ吸附于ＭｏＳＯ载体表面ＭｏＯ键的端基氧上；Ｐｄ－Ｃｕ／ＭｏＳＯ催化剂对ＣＯ２有良好的化学吸附活化性能，ＣＯ２的吸附除有线式吸附态和剪式吸附态外，还有一种新的卧式吸附态；Ｐｄ－Ｃｕ／ＭｏＳＯ催化剂的晶格氧参与了化学反应．探讨了在Ｐｄ－Ｃｕ／ＭｏＳＯ催化剂上ＣＯ２的部分氧化乙烷反应机理     

含不同碱金属杂多酸盐催化剂氧化还原性的ESR研究

用ＥＳＲ法研究了异丁醛一步氧化制甲基丙烯酸过程中所用杂多酸盐催化剂的氧化－还原特性，得到含不同碱金属杂多酸盐催化剂的还原－再氧化处理后的ＥＳＲ谱，讨论了不同碱金属对催化剂氧化还原特性的影响，比较了催化剂中过渡金属离子Ｃｕ，Ｖ，Ｍｏ的氧还原能力，分析了Ｃｕ＾＋易氧化性能对催化反应速度的影响。     

硫化态K－MoO_3／γ－Al_2O_3催化剂表面物种的XPS研究

采用Ｘ光光电子能谱（ＸＰＳ）及曲线拟合手段对硫化态Ｋ－ＭｏＯ_３／Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３合成醇催化剂进行了研究，分别考察负载量及硫化前不同条件预处理对催化剂表面的Ｓ、Ｍｏ组分的物种形式及各物种相对含量的影响，以及表面不同组分的相对组成。结果表明，根据其电子结合能变化，Ｓ组分可区分为ＳＯ_４￣（２－）、ＳＯ_３、Ｓ￣０、Ｓ_２￣（２－）、ＭｏＳ_２、ＭｏＳ_（２－ｘ）等六种存在形式不同的物种；Ｍｏ组分可区分为Ｍｏ￣（６＋）、Ｍｏ￣（５＋）、ＭｏＳ_（２＋ｘ）、ＭＯＳ_２、ＭＯＳ_（２－ｘ）等五种存在形式不同的物种。ＭｏＯ_３／Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３．重量比为０．０３的样品，Ｍｏ组分硫化还原不完全，表面Ｓ、Ｍｏ组分均以多种物种形式并存，ＭｏＯ_３／Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３比增加至０．０８和０．２４后，表面Ｓ、Ｍｏ组分中ＭＯＳ_２物种形式所占比例有所增加，样品的硫化还原也较彻底，但负载量增加至ＭｏＯ_３／Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３比为０．３５后，表面存在较多的Ｓ￣（６＋）物种和Ｍｏ￣（６＋）、Ｍｏ（５＋）物种，同时Ｋ组分在表面富集。对ＭｏＯ_３／Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３比为０．２４，样品硫化前不同条件预处理的研究表明，该样品与水蒸汽接触对其表面结构影响很大，与水蒸汽接触后再硫化，其表     

Bi4PMo(12)O(49)催化剂的性质及其在丙烷选择氧化中的活性

从钼磷酸出发制备了Ｂｉ４ＰＭｏ１２Ｏ４９催化剂，ＩＲ及ＸＲＤ分析结果表明，高温焙烧后其基本组成为α－Ｂｉ２Ｍｏ３Ｏ１２／ＭｏＯ３，考察了该催化剂对丙烷的选择氧化生，ＥＳＲ及ＸＰＳ测定结果表明，反应后催化剂中Ｍｏ＾５＋的含量明显增加，这暗示着反应物种吸附在Ｍｏ＾６＋上，而Ｂｉ则为气相氧的入口。     

MoO_3和α－Sb_2O_4相间氧溢流行为的研究

通过脉冲还原技术和量子化学ＤＶ－Ｘα方法研究了ＭｏＯ３和α－Ｓｂ２Ｏ４相间氧溢流行为，揭示了有关氧溢流的动力、溢流氧的本质及可能的溢流途径的信息、结果表明，氧溢流是ａ－Ｓｂ２Ｏ４自发氧化ＭｏＯ３的结果，不依赖于气相氧的存在；溢流氧是亲核性的，但依赖于亲电性晶格氧的存在；溢流氧主要被ＭｏＯ３的（０１０）面所接收．对用ＤＶ－Ｘα法进行固体氧化物电子性质研究的可行性也进行了探讨．     

共沉淀法制备甲烷部分氧化制甲醇用多元复合氧化物催化剂

采用三种共沉淀工艺制备了甲烷部分氧化制甲醇用Ｍｏ－Ｃｒ－Ｖ－Ｂｉ－Ｓ多元复合氧化物催化剂，发现不同共沉淀工艺过程对催化剂体相中Ｍｏ，Ｃｒ，Ｖ，Ｂｉ的含量及催化剂的活性有一定影响。ＸＲＤ结果表明，与Ｃｒ相比，Ｂｉ与Ｖ及Ｍｏ之间有更强的结合能力。     

Co－Mo／TiO_2和C0－M0／γ－Al_2O_3加氢脱硫催化剂的研究

本文考察了ＣｏＭｏ／ＴｉＯ３和ＣｏＭｏ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂的加氢脱硫性能及表面结构变化和预处理条件对其活性的影响．担体ＴｉＯ２（Ａ）和ＴｉＯ２（Ｂ）分别采用ＴｉＣｌ４中和法和ＴｉＯＳＯ４水解法制备．结果表明，催化剂的活性顺序为ＣｏＭｏ／ＴｉＯ２（Ａ）＞ＣｏＭｏ／ＴｉＯ２（Ｂ）＞ＣｏＭｏ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂的预处理条件对催化剂的加氢脱硫（ＨＤＳ）和加氢（ＨＹＤ）活性有很大影响，ＴｉＯ２担体上Ｍｏ物种主要以八面体配位构型存在，Ｍｏ６＋更易于还原成低价态．     

MoO3和α-Sb2O4相间氧溢流行为的研究

通过脉冲还原技术和量子化学ＤＶ－Ｘα方法研究了ＭｏＯ３和αＳｂ２Ｏ４相间氧溢流行为，揭示了有关氧溢流的动力，溢流氧的本质及可能在溢流途径的信息，结果表明，氧溢流是α－Ｓｂ２Ｏ４自发氧化ＭｏＯ３的结果，不依赖于气相氧的存在，溢流氧是亲核性的，但依赖于亲电性晶格氧的存在，溢流氧主要被ＭｏＯ３的（０１０）面所接收，对用ＤＶ－Ｘα法进行固体氧化物电子性质研究的可行性也进行了探讨。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。