1.319μm连续YAG激光束对可见光面阵CCD系统的干扰研究

 利用1.319μm连续钇铝石榴石激光对可见光面阵CCD系统进行干扰实验，分析了该CCD系统发生干扰饱和的原因，计算了1.319μm激光辐照面阵可见光CCD的干扰饱和阈值，利用实验数据在定量上验证了计算结果。当像面上激光功率密度达到10²W/cm²量级时，CCD出现饱和串音，达到10²W/cm²量级时，出现全屏饱和。     

500 fs超短脉冲激光对CCD探测器的破坏效应

 采用脉宽500 fs,脉冲能量250 μJ的超短脉冲激光辐照线阵CCD探测器,观察到了CCD从线性响应到像元饱和、饱和串音直至硬损伤的整个过程,并着重对两种辐照能量密度下的硬损伤机理进行了理论分析。结果表明：激光能量密度为0.45 μJ/cm²时,达到像元饱和;能量密度为0.14 J/cm²时,辐照6个脉冲后实现了CCD器件的硬损伤,硬损伤源于晶格被加热并汽化形成等离子体;能量密度为1.41 J/cm²时,单个脉冲就使CCD器件的输出波形无法辨认,2个脉冲后CCD器件没有任何信号输出,硬破坏源于电荷分离形成的电场库仑力。     

一种实时测量入射激光波长及方位的新方法

提出了一种利用CCD和光栅实时测量入射激光波长及方位的新方法。该方法利用成像CCD,通过测量入射激光成像点在电视成像坐标系中的位置来确定激光的入射方位;根据光学系统中成像点位置与光栅入射角和衍射角的几何关系,利用光栅测量入射激光的波长。介绍了该方法的测量原理及光学系统结构,给出了测量入射激光波长及方位的计算表达式,分析了测量误差,并在室内通过测量实验对该方法进行了验证。     

532 nm脉冲激光辐照CCD实验研究

 采用532 nm,10 ns的脉冲激光对面阵CCD进行辐照实验,对每一阶段的实验现象和电路层面的破坏机理进行了深入分析,根据实验现象,把脉冲激光对CCD的硬破坏分为3个阶段：第1阶段在低能量密度激光辐照下,被破坏的CCD局部出现无法恢复的白色盲点,但其它部分仍可正常成像;第2阶段CCD探测器受到激光辐照后,在光斑处的时钟线方向出现白色竖直亮线,亮线处无法正常成像且激光辐照撤去后无法恢复;第3阶段受高能量密度激光辐照后,CCD完全失效,无法恢复成像。针对CCD的饱和及恢复阶段,利用Matlab编码对分辨力靶板的成像数据进行处理,分析了激光辐照CCD对饱和像元数和对比度的影响。结果表明：当CCD受到激光辐照时,饱和像元数迅速增多,图像对比度迅速下降为零,激光脉冲消失后,整个CCD成像亮度下降,饱和像元数迅速下降为零,经过一段时间后CCD又恢复至线性工作状态,激光的能量密度越高,CCD恢复所需的时间就越长。研究还发现：当恢复时间超过0.6 s,CCD出现不可恢复的白色条带,严重影响成像质量。     

红外激光对可见光CCD成像系统的干扰

采用连续波红外激光对可见光面阵CCD成像系统进行了干扰实验,观察到饱和串扰、全屏饱和等干扰现象,并测到串扰阈值小于2.0×102W/cm2,全屏饱和阈值为1.2×104W/cm2。通过分析CCD输出电压、视频信号,提出基于有效干扰面积的干扰效果评估方法,并利用该方法对干扰面积与激光功率密度、辐照时间之间的关系进行了半定量分析。结果显示:激光功率密度对干扰效果的影响较大,而辐照时间在0.5~2.0 s之间时,辐照时间对CCD干扰效果的影响不明显。     

单CCD彩色相机激光干扰模型及外场干扰实验

开展了多波段激光(750~970 nm)对彩色CCD成像系统的外场干扰实验,测得了不同辐照条件下对外场1.3 km处彩色CCD成像系统的干扰效果;建立了彩色CCD相机的激光干扰模型,对实验结果进行了理论验证与分析。理论与实验结果表明:强激光对彩色CCD成像系统的干扰效果明显,CCD靶面出现了明显的光饱和和串扰现象,光饱和区域的形成是由激光束进入光学系统后发生衍射效应造成的;到靶激光功率密度越强,CCD靶面光饱和面积越大,激光干扰效果越好;单波段750 nm激光作用下,到靶功率密度为4.2 kW/cm²,CCD靶面的光饱和面积为0.88 mm×0.97 mm;多波段激光(750~970 nm)作用下,到靶功率密度为20.7 kW/cm²,CCD靶面发生全靶面饱和现象;仿真结果与实验结果基本一致,证明了理论模型的正确性。对远场干扰能力计算结果表明:随着干扰距离的增加,到靶功率密度减小,激光干扰效果变差。     

线阵CCD全饱和单侧拖尾特性分析

在用532nm连续激光辐照TCD-1200D型线阵CCD的过程中,发现了光斑的全饱和单侧拖尾现象。为了分析这种现象的特性,实验测量了拖尾长度随激光功率、CCD积分时间和CCD驱动频率的关系,发现拖尾长度随着激光功率和积分时间的增加而增加,但在一定范围内与CCD驱动频率无关。通过理论计算和实验数据分析拟合发现,拖尾长度和激光功率密度和积分时间的乘积有关,并根据激光辐照下CCD器件光生电荷量的产生过程,推导出了拖尾长度与CCD势阱光生电荷量的关系,得到了拖尾长度随光生电荷量的变化曲线,为全饱和单侧拖尾现象机理分析提供了数据支持。     

连续激光对3通道CCD相机的饱和干扰效应

为研究宽覆盖多光谱相机的激光干扰效应,利用红、绿、蓝3种波长激光对3通道CCD(3CCD)相机进行饱和干扰实验,测量得到了不同波长对应3CCD相机不同通道的饱和阈值,通过研究3CCD相机的工作原理,对一定波长辐照下3CCD不同通道饱和阈值差别进行分析,并在实验中对比研究了同一功率下,单波长和多波长耦合的饱和干扰效果,实验结果表明,多波长耦合要优于单波长的干扰效果。     

106 μm激光对CCD、CMOS相机饱和干扰效果对比研究

为了对比激光对CCD、CMOS两种图像传感器的干扰效果,利用106 μm高重频激光开展了对CCD、CMOS两种相机的饱和干扰实验研究,分析了两种相机在干扰有效面积、饱和干扰面积、干扰前后图像相关度等与激光入射功率之间的关系。实验结果表明:CMOS相机达到单元像素饱和的激光功率阈值是CCD相机的20倍;要达到相同的干扰有效面积,所需的激光功率CMOS相机要大于CCD相机10倍～100倍;要达到相同的饱和像元数,所需的激光功率CMOS相机比CCD相机约大10倍～60倍。因此,CMOS相机要比CCD相机具有更好的抗106 μm激光干扰能力。     

1.06 μm激光对CCD、CMOS相机饱和干扰效果对比研究

 为了对比激光对CCD、CMOS两种图像传感器的干扰效果,利用1.06 μm高重频激光开展了对CCD、CMOS两种相机的饱和干扰实验研究,分析了两种相机在干扰有效面积、饱和干扰面积、干扰前后图像相关度等与激光入射功率之间的关系。实验结果表明:CMOS相机达到单元像素饱和的激光功率阈值是CCD相机的20倍;要达到相同的干扰有效面积,所需的激光功率CMOS相机要大于CCD相机10倍～100倍;要达到相同的饱和像元数,所需的激光功率CMOS相机比CCD相机约大10倍～60倍。因此,CMOS相机要比CCD相机具有更好的抗1.06 μm激光干扰能力。     

关于"太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系"的讨论

讨论了银道面内的引力场强分布和太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系，指出引力场强g并不是与r的平方成反比，这是由于银河系的大小和形状不能忽略造成的．强调了万有引力定律的适用条件．     

On the predictability of the positions of the convergence zones in the ocean

The disagreement between the experimental and calculated positions of the first convergence zone are known from many publications. The most probable cause for such a disagreement, namely, the incorrect specification of the input data for the calculations, is considered. The lack of simultaneity between the hydrological surveys of the region and the acoustic experiments is emphasized. The experimental data obtained by the author in five ocean regions are presented. These data characterize the diurnal variability of the distance from the source to the nearest boundary of the convergence zone. The relations proposed by different researchers for calculating the sound speed from the temperature, salinity, and hydrostatic pressure are analyzed. It is shown that these relations lead to a substantial difference in the estimated depth dependence of the hydrostatic gradient of the sound speed. The position of the first convergence zone is calculated for the propagation conditions determined by vertical temperature and salinity profiles with the subsequent recalculation of these profiles into sound speed profiles by using eight different formulas known from the literature. It is shown that different formulas lead to different values of the distance to the first zone; this difference is substantially greater than that between the calculations and experiment. The necessity of improving the recalculation relations in view of the experimental data on sound propagation in natural oceanic waveguides, including the data on the actual positions of the convergence zones, is emphasized.     

On the calculation of the bremsstrahlung in the region of the plasma frequency

On the basis of the classical theory of radiation produced in incomplete Coulomb interaction, a formula is derived for the coefficient of the bremsstrahlung of fully ionized plasma. In the region of rectilinear approximation a comparison is made with the results of the quantum formula derived from the Born approximation. Furthermore, the influence of dispersion upon the emission coefficient is taken into account; some relations for the region of dispersion are given.     

Dependence of the Intensity of the Spectral Lines and the Composition of the Sample and the Plasma Parameters of the Unipolar Arc

The investigation was made of the dependence of the intensity of Tl, Ga, Mo, Mg, Mn, Sn, Bi, Ni, Zn, Pt and Au spectral lines and the plasma parameters (temperature T, electron concentration n_e, degree of 6 ionnization α) from concentration of lithium additive.     

Extracting the wavefunction of the LSP at the LHC

We consider associated production of squarks and gluinos with the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP), or states nearly degenerate in mass with it. Though sub-dominant to pair production of color SU(3)-charged superpartners, these processes are directly sensitive to the wavefunction composition of the lightest neutralinos. Exploiting event-shape variables - including some introduced here for the first time - we are able to identify the composition of the LSP by selecting events involving a single high-pT jet recoiling against missing transverse energy. We illustrate the proposed technique on a set of benchmark cases and propose methods for applying these results in more realistic experimental environments.     

Set the controls for the heart of the Sun

In this paper we describe experiments conducted with high-power lasers that are attempting to replicate, for a very short time and in miniature, conditions found in the Sun. Experiments to date have reached conditions in the outer part of the Sun. To reach the Sun's centre requires compression of material to very much greater than solid density and heating to over ten million degrees. To achieve this, a new class of experiments and a new generation of high-power lasers are required.     

On the Question of the Source of the Apokamp

Technical Physics - The object of this work is the apokamp—a new type of plasma jet, which is formed from a bright offshoot emerging at the bending point of a channel of a high-voltage...