微波消解-双聚焦电感耦合等离子体质谱法准确测定沉积物中硫含量及其基体效应的研究

在中分辨率模式下,采用双聚焦电感耦合等离子体质谱仪结合微波消解技术,建立了准确测定沉积物中硫含量的分析方法.针对基体组分对硫测定的影响,以Rh为内标,比较了常规标准曲线法(SCM)和标准加入法(SAM)对基体效应的校正效果.结果显示,SCM法无法消除基体组分对硫测定的影响,而SAM法能有效消除基体效应,但后者的样品分析通量低.因此,本研究进一步提出了标准加入校正曲线法(SACM),当实际样品与SACM标准系列溶液中的基体浓度匹配在±50％范围内时,可简单有效地消除同类沉积物样品的基体效应.本方法检出限为0.5 mg/kg,线性范围为3.0～ 1000 μg/L,加标回收率为95.8％～ 99.2％,重复测定沉积物标准参考物质GBW07306,GBW07309,GBW07313和SRM1646a,所得硫含量分别为(853±14) μg/g(2σ,n=12),(181±7) μg/g(2σ,n=9),(3131±52) μg/g(2σ,n=12)和(3543±70) μg/g(2σ,n=9),相对误差分别为+8.8％,+13.3％,+1.0％和+0.7％,测定精度(RSD)＜2％,并测定了长江口和杭州湾沉积物柱状样中硫的含量.本方法可准确快速测定大批量沉积物样品中硫含量,同时可推广应用于土壤样品中硫含量的测定.     

加速溶剂萃取-固相萃取-层析柱净化法同时测定沉积物中多氯联苯、多溴二苯醚和有机磷阻燃剂

建立并优化了对沉积物中多氯联苯(PCBs)、多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)和有机磷酸酯阻燃剂(OPFRs)3种有机污染物同时测定的分析方法.采用加速溶剂萃取(ASE)法对沉积物样品进行萃取,并通过固相萃取与层析柱串联方法对样品进行净化.在优化的分析条件下,PCBs的平均加标回收率为104.1％ ～121.7％,PBDEs的平...     

海洋沉积物孔隙水总碱度的现场分析方法

海洋沉积物孔隙水总碱度及其分布对海洋天然气水合物的调查研究具有重要意义.孔隙水总碱度异常对于判断天然气水合物的存在具有重要的指示作用.建立了利用微量水样品测试总碱度的方法,将2.00 mL孔隙水样品加入10.00 mL已知总碱度的海水样品中,使用盐酸标准溶液滴定、pH计监控法测定混合溶液的总碱度,然后计算出加入孔隙水样品的总碱度.方法所需样品量少,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于2％(n=12),方法简便可行,可用于船上海洋沉积物孔隙水总碱度的现场测定.     

土壤和沉积物中全硼量与其他微量及常量元素的ICP-AES同时测定

用含有氢氟酸的混酸(H_3PO_4-HClO_4-HNO_3-HF或H_3PO_4-HNO_3-HF)分解样品,磷酸的存在可以避免硼挥发损失。利用ICP-AES法同时测定土壤和水系沉积物样品中全硼量及其他18个常量及微量元素,对标准参考物质的分析结果表明,方法有良好的准确度和精密度。硼的回收率在84.8—100％之间,相对标准偏差小于7.4％(微量元素)和小于3.9％(大量和小量元素)。方法适合于土壤和沉积物批量样品的多元素快速分析。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定深海沉积物中稀土总量

建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定深海沉积物中稀土总量的方法.将深海沉积物湿样烘干、压碎,剔除杂质,过筛后再次烘干.称取0.20 g样品于微波消解罐中,加入5.0 mL硝酸和2.0 mL氢氟酸,在程序升温条件下进行微波消解,结束后加入3.0 mL高氯酸进行赶酸,再加入50％(体积分数)硝酸溶液加...     

微波酸溶-电感耦合等离子体质谱测定土壤和沉积物中Be~(2+)

建立了微波酸溶电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定土壤和沉积物中Be2+的分析方法。采用HNO_3-HCl-HF混酸体系微波消解土壤及沉积物样品,以电热板赶酸的方法对样品进行前处理。优化了仪器参数,采用在线内标法消除基体效应。方法的检出限为0.0029mg/kg。对土壤标准样品进行测定,结果都在标准值范围之内;对土壤及沉积物实际样品进行测定,相对标准偏差均小于5%,加标回收率分别在94.4%~115%和91.5%~113%范围之内。实验结果表明,建立的ICP-MS法与石墨炉原子吸收(GFAA)法对土壤的沉积物中Be~(2+)的测定无差异性。     

灼烧对沉积物烧失量及铁、磷测定的影响

利用水系沉积物标准参考样GSD-9和GSD-12,研究了550℃灼烧对测定沉积物样品的烧失量、非残渣态Fe、P提取效率等结果的影响。结果表明,马弗炉高温室中样品位置的不同,能显著影响测定结果;为减小位置引起的分析误差,样品应尽量避免放置在靠近炉门及马弗炉最内侧的两个角落处。灼烧时间对沉积物LOI、非残渣态P、Fe：P比的测定也都有影响;在同时测定3项指标时,采用5h的灼烧时间比较合适。     

海底沉积物的ICP-AES分析

海底沉积物用硝酸-高氯酸-氢氟酸消解,然后用ICP-AES法同时测定常量和微量元素。研究了样品中基体元素对微量元素测定的光谱干扰,并采用干扰曲线斜率法进行干扰校正,分析批量海底沉积物样品获得满意结果。     

运用测汞仪快速测定水系沉积物中的总汞

建立了采用测汞仪快速测定水系沉积物中总汞的分析方法,并进行标准样品及实际样品测定验证。结果表明,实际样品的加标回收率分别为97.0%~107.2%和98.9%~111.3%,相对标准偏差为1.2%~1.8%。该方法具有无需消解、测定快速、准确度高的特点,是一种测定水系沉积物中总汞的简便快捷方法。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定海洋沉积物中砷、锑、铋、汞、硒

提出了用盐酸-硝酸-水(3+1+4)混合酸消解样品,氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定海洋沉积物样品中砷、锑、铋、汞、硒的方法。考察了原子荧光光谱仪的最佳工作条件。在最佳条件下砷、锑、铋、硒的检出限(3s/k)分别为0.018,0.004,0.001,0.003μg.g-1,汞的检出限(3s/k)为0.604ng.g-1。应用于3种海洋沉积物标准物质的测定,测定值与标准值吻合。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.