市场化、城镇化与城乡收入差距——基于空间动态面板模型的实证分析

采用1997-2007年我国城乡收入差距的省际面板数据,通过构建空间动态模型,采用SCBB估计方法,分析了市场化和城镇化进程对城乡收入差距的影响效应.实证结果表明,现阶段城镇化、市场化有利于缩小城乡收入差距,对缩小城乡收入差距的作用明显.研究结论认为市场化、城镇化对缩小城乡收入差距有积极意义,相邻省份城乡收入差距在空间关系作用下有趋同发展之势.在实证研究基础上本文对十八大以来政府主导城镇化进程提出方向性政策建议.     

我国城镇化与城乡居民收入差距关系研究

城镇化对城乡居民收入差距的影响广受关注,通过对1985-2012年全国城镇化率与城乡居民收入比时序数据、31个地区2012年的横截面数据进行分析,发现我国城镇化水平与城乡居民收入差距关系呈现倒U型关系,与美、日、韩三国关系一致;通过数学模型估计得到,我国城乡居民收入差距演变趋势的拐点出现在城镇化率为51.4%的水平,我国城乡居民收入差距2011年已经进入拐点;未来要缩小我国城乡居民收入差距,需要继续推进城镇化建设、积极发展中西部地区、有效利用政府政策措施.     

普惠金融发展对南疆城乡收入差距的门槛效应研究

基于普惠金融在南疆的发展程度,使用2008-2017年面板数据测算出南疆普惠金融发展指数,并通过测算泰尔指数反映出南疆各地州的城乡差距,最后建立门槛面板效应模型实证分析两者之间的关系,得出结论普惠金融对南疆城乡收入差距带来的影响表现出很明显的非线性关系,在不同时期的经济水平下,他们之间的关系表现出倒"U"型,即城乡收入差距受普惠金融的影响表现出先显著扩大,再缓慢扩大,最后明显缩小的关系.为了促使普惠金融在南疆得到更好的推广,基于金融环境和金融机构等方面,提出合理的建议,助力降低普惠金融在南疆地区的门槛,达到缩小城乡收入差距的目的.     

城市化与城乡收人差距:基于东、中、西部省级面板数据的研究

城市化水平是影响我国城乡收入差距的重要原因,采用1997-2013年的中国省级面板数据,分析了全国及东、中、西部地区各省市城市化水平对城乡居民收入差距的影响,研究结果显示:从全国来看,城市化总体上扩大了城乡收入差距,但存在明显的地区差异,其中东部和中部地区城市化水平对城乡收入差距的扩大具有正向的促进作用,而西部地区城市化进程对城乡收入差距具有缩小的效应;从各个省市来看,城市化进程对城乡收入差距具有扩大作用的省市为21个,对城乡收入差距具有缩小作用的省市有9个.因此,政府在制定政策时不能一刀切,要结合各地自身特点及经济发展水平推进城市化的步伐,从根本上提高农民的收入,使城乡居民收入差距逐渐缩小.     

技术创新对城乡居民收入差距的影响研究——基于西部民族集聚区经验分析

基于新经济增长理论构建技术创新对城乡居民收入差距的多元分析框架,借助面板分位数回归模型研究技术创新水平、城镇化水平、人口变动、政府财政对城乡收入差距的影响.在实证过程中,采用核密度和空间分析软件揭示近年来新疆城乡收入差距时空特征;借助分位数回归模型探讨技术创新、城镇化、人口增长和政府财政支出等的不同水平对城乡收入差距的影响.实证结果显示:对于西部少数民族聚居区,以城市创新驱动发展、农业劳动生产率和农业机械化水平提升为特征的新型城镇化发展对缩小城乡收入差距具有显著性作用,同时过高的农村人口增长率不利于城乡收入差距的缩小,政府财政支出没有表现出缩小城乡收入差距的显著作用,此外,这些因素对城乡收入差距的影响在其不同水平对城乡收入差距的影响是不同的.     

我国城市化对房价的影响研究——基于半参数空间面板数据滞后模型

基于2000-2019年我国其中31个省、自治区和直辖市省际空间面板数据,建立固定效应空间面板滞后模型和半参数空间面板数据滞后模型,实证考察了城市化、城乡收入差距、人均收入等因素对房价的影响.研究结果表明:房价存在正的空间溢出性.城乡收入差距、人均收入和非农产业的发展与房价一般是正相关的.但固定效应空间面板滞后模型中城市化对房价的影响不显著.通过应用半参数空间面板滞后模型研究表明我国城市化对房价影响存在着拐点,房价是先是随着城市化率的提高而下降,城市化率达到一定程度时,房价随着城市化率的提高而上升.原因可能在于土地供给的减少和土地开发成本的提高等方面.但当期房价对下一期的房价没有显著的影响,说明不能建立动态空间面板滞后模型.根据研究结果,从通过缩小城乡差距,增加土地供应,降低土地开发成本等方面降低房价提出了对策建议.     

基于面板门槛模型的我国金融发展对城乡收入差距影响机制研究

本文依照八大经济区域的划分,利用面板门槛模型探寻我国金融发展对城乡收入差距作用的门槛特征及其区域差异。结果表明,我国金融发展对城乡收入差距的影响存在门槛效应,并且不同产业类型的地区存在方向与阶段上的差异。具体而言,商贸型地区出现完整的倒U型特征,工业型地区出现先扩大后放缓的形似倒U型左半部分的特征,其他地区则呈现线性正相关的特征。随着地区现代产业部门密集程度的上升,金融发展拉大城乡收入差距的效应展现出逐渐缩小的负相关规律。因此,政府在制定农村金融发展政策时应注意与地区产业相配合,以产业发展带动金融业的发展和居民收入的提高,以此减小城乡收入差距。     

经济增长与城乡收入差距的动态效应研究

经济增长与城乡居民收入差距关系是各国经济发展中必须要面对的现实问题.本文基于2004-2013年间省级面板数据设定了面板协整模型,从时空角度构建面板协整模型分析了当前我国的城乡收入差距变化与经济增长之间的新动态效应.结果表明,十六大以来我国的经济增长能有效地缓解了城乡收入差距问题;经济增长对城乡收入差距的负效应具有明显的区域特性;城乡收入差距对我国经济增长的作用影响却不显著.     

城乡收入差距对经济增长的区域异质性影响——基于全要素生产率的调节效应

选取30个省市的面板数据,采用DEA-Malmquist指数法测算出2000-2019年全要素生产率,基于其动态变化视角建立固定效应模型实证分析城乡收入差距对不同地区经济增长的异质性影响.研究发现:城乡收入差距与经济增长的关系存在空间异质性,直辖市、西南和西北地区存在显著的负向关系,中南地区经济会因为收入差距的扩大实现增长,其他地区城乡收入差距的变化对经济增长无显著影响;直辖市城乡收入差距和全要素生产率的交互效应对经济增长产生负向效应,提升全要素生产率有利于缩小城乡收入差距,促进经济稳定发展,而东部、东北、西南和西北地区与之相反;华北、中南地区交互效应对经济增长产生显著的同向效应,全要素生产率与经济增长趋势向好,城乡收入差距仍需改善.     

基于面板分位回归方法的我国金融发展对城乡收入差距影响分析

在收入差距的不同分位点上,金融发展对其的影响会展现出不一样的特征。由于我国区域金融发展不均,这一作用机制还具有显著的地区差异。本文利用面板分位回归模型和面板数据聚类方法探寻金融发展对贫富分化作用的分位点特征和地区差异。实证表明,我国大部分地区的金融发展加剧城乡收入差距的扩大,并且这一作用机制存在动态变化特征。当城乡收入差距从高分位点变动到低分位点时,金融发展拉大城乡收入差距的作用逐渐减缓,部分省份甚至具有金融发展抑制城乡收入差距扩大的效应。本文的研究结论将为业内人士和政府的相关决策提供参考依据。     

On a class of self-similar processes with stationary increments in higher order Wiener chaoses

We study a class of self-similar processes with stationary increments belonging to higher order Wiener chaoses which are similar to Hermite processes. We obtain an almost sure wavelet-like expansion of these processes. This allows us to compute the pointwise and local Hölder regularity of sample paths and to analyse their behaviour at infinity. We also provide some results on the Hausdorff dimension of the range and graphs of multidimensional anisotropic self-similar processes with stationary increments defined by multiple Wiener–Itô integrals.     

A REPRESENTATION FORMULA RELATED TO SCHR(O)DINGER OPERATORS

Schr(o)dinger operator is a central subject in the mathematical study of quantum mechanics.Consider the Schrodinger operator H = -△ V on R, where △ = d2/dx2 and the potential function V is real valued. In Fourier analysis, it is well-known that a square integrable function admits an expansion with exponentials as eigenfunctions of -△. A natural conjecture is that an L2 function admits a similar expansion in terms of "eigenfunctions" of H, a perturbation of the Laplacian (see [7], Ch. Ⅺ and the notes), under certain condition on V.     

Qualitative Analysis of Bifurcating Solutions in the Lengyel-Epstein Model

One of the most fundamental problems in theoretical biology is to explain the mechanisms by which patterns and forms are created in the＇living world. In his seminal paper ＂The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis＂, Turing showed that a system of coupled reaction-diffusion equations can be used to describe patterns and forms in biological systems. However, the first experimental evidence to the Turing patterns was observed by De Kepper and her associates（1990） on the CIMA reaction in an open unstirred reactor, almost 40 years after Turing＇s prediction. Lengyel and Epstein characterized this famous experiment using a system of reaction-diffusion equations. The Lengyel-Epstein model is in the form as follows     

(0,1 ;0)-INTERPOLATION ON INFINITE INTERVAL (-∞, +∞)

In this paper, we study the explicit representation and convergence of (0, 1; 0)-interpolation on infinite interval, which means to determine a polynomial of degree ≤ 3n - 2 when the function values are prescribed at two set of points namely the zeros of Hn(x) and H′n(x) and the first derivatives at the zeros of H′n(x).     

On a class of Riemann surfaces

It is considered the class of Riemann surfaces with dimT1 = 0, where T1 is a subclass of exact harmonic forms which is one of the factors in the orthogonal decomposition of the spaceΩH of harmonic forms of the surface, namely The surfaces in the class OHD and the class of planar surfaces satisfy dimT1 = 0. A.Pfluger posed the question whether there might exist other surfaces outside those two classes. Here it is shown that in the case of finite genus g, we should look for a surface S with dimT1 = 0 among the surfaces of the form Sg\K , where Sg is a closed surface of genus g and K a compact set of positive harmonic measure with perfect components and very irregular boundary.     

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 30

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Instructions for contributions

正Applied Mathematics-A Journal of Chinese Universities,Series B(Appl.Math.J.Chinese Univ.,Ser.B)is a comprehensive applied mathematics journal jointly sponsored by Zhejiang University,China Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics,and Springer-Verlag.It is a quarterly journal with     

Journal of Mathematical Research with Applications Guide for Authors

正Journal overview:Journal of Mathematical Research with Applications(JMRA),formerly Journal of Mathematical Research and Exposition(JMRE)created in 1981,one of the transactions of China Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics,is a home for original research papers of the highest quality in all areas of mathematics with applications.The target audience comprises:pure and applied mathematicians,graduate students in broad fields of sciences and technology,scientists and engineers interested in mathematics.     

Staircase transportation problems with superadditive rewards and cumulative capacities

A cumulative-capacitated transportation problem is studied. The supply nodes and demand nodes are each chains. Shipments from a supply node to a demand node are possible only if the pair lies in a sublattice, or equivalently, in a staircase disjoint union of rectangles, of the product of the two chains. There are (lattice) superadditive upper bounds on the cumulative flows in all leading subrectangles of each rectangle. It is shown that there is a greatest cumulative flow formed by the natural generalization of the South-West Corner Rule that respects cumulative-flow capacities; it has maximum reward when the rewards are (lattice) superadditive; it is integer if the supplies, demands and capacities are integer; and it can be calculated myopically in linear time. The result is specialized to earlier work of Hoeffding (1940), Fréchet (1951), Lorentz (1953), Hoffman (1963) and Barnes and Hoffman (1985). Applications are given to extreme constrained bivariate distributions, optimal distribution with limited one-way product substitution and, generalizing results of Derman and Klein (1958), optimal sales with age-dependent rewards and capacities.To our friend, Philip Wolfe, with admiration and affection, on the occasion of his 65th birthday.Research was supported respectively by the IBM T.J. Watson and IBM Almaden Research Centers and is a minor revision of the IBM Research Report [6].