双重介质油藏单相可压缩流动的特征差分格式及理论分析

双重介质油藏单相可压缩流动的特征差分格式及理论分析芮洪兴（山东大学数学系，济南２５０１００）１．引言研究裂缝－孔隙介质油藏流体流动的数值模拟，对于油田开发等许多工程技术问题具有十分重要的意义．解决这类问题的关键是如何处理裂缝与岩块间的流体交换．对比，...     

应用模糊综合评判方法识别水驱优势渗流通道井和层

在油田注水开发过程中,由于储层平面非均质性、流体非均质性及开发条件的影响,在平面上会出现注入水突进的情况.注水井中的注入水向不同方向驱油,推进往往是不均匀的,一般总有一个方向突进最快,且经过长期水洗之后,这个方向有可能发展成大孔道,形成水驱优势渗流通道.建立应用模糊综合评判方法识别水驱优势渗流通道井和层的数学模型,应用水驱优势渗流通道分析判定软件,对河南双河油田ⅦⅣ油组主力油层(Ⅷ1、Ⅳ1、4、5)274口井进行了实例计算,识别出水驱优势渗流通道油水井共97口,其中水井43口,油井54口,识别出14个水驱优势渗流层位.通过油藏工程和数值模拟方法进行了验证,表明运用综合评判方法识别水驱优势渗流通道井和层是一种客观有效的方法,评价方法计算方便,易于操作和推广.     

一类可压缩流体驱动问题的有限元方法

多孔介质中渗流驱动问题数值模拟的研究,在采油及许多工程技术领域中有重要意义;一般这类问题对应的数学模型是关于压力、浓度的耦合方程组;不可压缩流体驱动问题有限元、混合元方法在[1,2,8,9]中曾得了成功的研究,文[3,4]研究了一类微可压缩问题,但其理论分析是基于系数函数(浓度的非线性泛函)有不依赖浓度的正的上、下界等     

待钻井处钻前油层压力预测的数学模型及求解

根据所研究问题的特点,将地下三相流体假设为单相流体,再利用渗流理论建立了确定地下流体压力的数学模型,并讨论了数值求解方法.当钻井前准备要采用某一注采方案时,利用此数学模型可以求得待钻井处各油层流体压力在不同时刻的值,这为评价该注采方案的优劣及进一步确定最优注采方案提供了科学依据.最后利用此模型对实际问题进行了模拟计算,验证了模型的正确性和计算的可靠性.     

油、水两相渗流驱动问题的离散算子法及其数值分析

本文应用离散算子法解决油、水两相渗流驱动问题的数值模拟并进行了理论分析.最后我们根据油田的实际地质参数进行了模型试算,并对结果进行分析.对于单相渗流数值模拟的理论分析我们已有工作.对于不考虑毛细管力的弹性驱动问题的有限元方法我们已有工作.     

洼38块特稠油油藏流-固-热三场耦合规律研究

近年来,随着石油的不断开发开采,在研究高压注水,稠油热采等涉及到温度剧烈变化的研究领域中,油藏工作者难以通过经典的渗流力学理论和传统的油藏数值模拟方法得到有效、合理的解释,必须考虑到温度场、渗流场、应力场三场相互影响、相互作用、相互变化等相关变化因素.基于考虑热弹性的岩石应力一应变关系、地下流体运动定律、能量守恒定律,建立包括油水两相渗流控制方程、岩石变形体控制方程、温度场控制方程的稠油油藏三场耦合数学模型,运用全耦合算法实现同时求解所有耦合方程组,研究了应用有限元分析软件ADINA进行三场耦合规律的建模过程与方法.以小洼油田洼38块为例研究三场耦合规律.结果表明:距离井筒越近,其总位移、温度场、应力场、渗流场及岩石物性参数越会产生明显的变化;距离井筒越远,其变化越不明显.距离井筒越近的储层温度变化越剧烈,而距离井筒越远的储层温度变化越缓;井筒周围的温度变化呈现倒置漏斗形状,随着注水的不断进行,漏斗会逐渐平缓;最后储层各点的温度会平衡在同一温度水平线上,达到平衡状态.模型较为真实的模拟油藏实际开采情况.     

聚合物驱油藏剩余油潜力分析及压裂时机确定

萨尔图油层目前已进入高含水阶段,聚驱后剩余油分布情况及聚驱开发过程中生产井压裂时机的选择是亟待解决的问题.通过数值模拟方法分析了研究区的潜力分布情况,同时针对高含水期聚驱油藏,分别在见效初期、含水低值和含水回升三个阶段进行压裂措施开发效果预测,确定了注聚过程中的压裂最佳时机为含水低值阶段.为高含水期聚驱油藏开发过程中剩余油挖潜措施提供了技术支持,同时对矿场压裂措施的实际应用具有指导意义.     

注采比方法在油田精细注水中的应用——以牛心坨油田为例

在低渗透油田合理配注量研究的基础之上,建立了油藏数值模型,进行了历史生产数据不同含水阶段注采比合理性分析.根据牛心坨油层上层系矿场实际资料,建立牛心坨油层综合含水与水油比、综合含水与耗水量的数学模型,并推导出不同含水率的注采比模型,对油田注采比进行了预测;为研究单一因素对注采比的影响,建立理想模型,应用数值模拟方法以定液量生产制度预测不同含水时期不同注采比条件下开发指标变化,并与油藏工程方法结合得出最优注采比.目的在于直接得出注采比与含水率的关系,对于低渗透油田预测注采比具有很好的推广应用价值.     

基于元胞自动机理论的孔隙介质渗流的模拟应用

基于元胞自动机理论,建立了四方形网格元胞空间和摩尔型元胞邻居为类型的时空动态演化模型,并设计了模拟流程.利用两点分布表征岩石骨架和孔隙空间的非均匀分布,设定了可表征流体在多孔介质中渗流的演化规则,对二维和三维岩石多孔介质流体渗流的元胞矩阵进行了模拟,分析得到了两点分布不同概率对渗流数学参数的影响,分析了不同注入方式对流体最终占据孔隙空间的分布形态的影响,注入方式包括点注入、线注入和面注入,最终对真实CT扫描的数字二维岩心进行了流体渗流过程模拟.基于以上的研究,为流体在多孔介质中渗流模拟提供了有效的方法.     

低渗透介质含启动压力梯度一维瞬时压力分析

考虑启动压力梯度的影响,本文得到了在一维低渗透岩心和圆形油藏中一开一关渗流的数学方程,并进行有动边界问题的数值求解。以数值解为基础,分析了:1.渗流终态时井底(或岩心采液端)压力及压力影响半径(或距离)与启动压力梯度和关闭时间的关系,并给出相应的公式;2.压力峰值的传播规律。得到了有意义的结果,为低渗透油藏开发室内实验和现场应用提供理论基础。     

The brazilian nut effect by void filling: an analytic model

We propose an analytic model of the Brazilian nut effect (BNE) that utilizes void filling as the primary mechanism behind the rise to the surface of one large buried intruder particle in an externally driven confined mixture with many small particles. When the intruder rises upward, it creates a void underneath it that is immediately filled by small particles preventing the intruder from sinking back to its previous position. Even though the external driving is only along the vertical direction, the small particles are able to move transversely into the void due to the Janssen effect, which postulates that the magnitudes of the vertically directed and transversely directed forces in a confined granular system are directly proportional to each other. The Janssen effect allows us to calculate the transverse speed distribution in which the small particles fill up the void and the temporal dynamics of the intruder particle in the vertically shaken container. We determine the time‐dependent behavior of the intruder vertical position h, its rise velocity dh/dt, and the phase (dh/dt vs. h) as a function of particle size ratio Φ, container diameter D_c, kinetic friction coefficient μ, and packing fraction c. Finally, we show that the predictions of our BNE model agree well with published experimental and simulation results. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 16: 9–16, 2011     

Selling to customers with both Veblen and network effects

For the products that provide not only intrinsic value from their functions but also stylish consumption experience, there often exist both Veblen and network effects. Some customers are more likely to purchase the product if fewer customers can afford it, while others might appreciate the existence of more peers. Focusing on these products, we study the market equilibrium under rational expectations. The optimal pricing and quantity decisions reveal interesting insights about the effects of such mixed consumption externalities.     

Single-machine scheduling with learning and forgetting effects

Scheduling with learning effects has been widely studied in the past decade. With the increasingly moving toward shorter product cycle times in many production lines, workers in this changeable environment must constantly learn new skill and technology. As a result, the forgetting effect might occur in these situations. In this paper, we propose a model with the consideration of both the learning and forgetting effects. We show some single-machine problems remain polynomially solvable under the proposed model.     

标度广义效应代数和标度效应代数的结构

研究了标度广义效应代数与标度效应代数的代数结构,给出了比较完整的结果.通过引入全标度广义代数的概念,本文证明了区间[0,1)上的标度广义效应代数和单位区间[0,1]上的标度效应代数完全由单位区间上的阿基米德余模确定,标度广义效应代数恰同构于全标度广义代数的下集.若标度广义代数满足局部有限条件,则它同构于实数加法群的子群代数.满足(S)条件的标度效应代数同构于实数加法群的子群代数和全标度广义代数的字典序乘积的子代数.     

Single-machine scheduling problems with both start-time dependent learning and position dependent aging effects under deteriorating maintenance consideration

In this paper we introduce a new model of joint start-time dependent learning and position dependent aging effects into single-machine scheduling problems. The machine may need maintenance to improve its production efficiency. The objectives are to find jointly the optimal maintenance position and the optimal sequence such that the makespan, the total completion time, and the total absolute deviation of completion times (TADC) are minimized. We also aim to determine jointly the optimal maintenance position, the optimal due-window size and location, and the optimal sequence to minimize the sum of earliness, tardiness and due-window related costs function. We show that all the studied problems can be optimally solved by polynomial time algorithms.     

效应代数的表示

本文讨论了抽象效应代数的表示问题. 对于一个抽象效应代数(E,⊕, 0, 1), 如果存在一个Hilbert 空间 H 和一个单态射 φ:E →ε(H), 那么称 E 为可表示的且称(φ,H) 是E 的一个表示, 其中ε(H) 表示 H 上所有正压缩算子构成的效应代数. 给出了一些可表示的和不可表示的效应代数的例子, 证 明了非空集 X 上的任一模糊集系统 F 和Boolean 代数B_X 都是可表示的效应代数.     

NONRENEWABLE RESOURCE EXTRACTIONS WITH A POLLUTION SIDE EFFECT: A COMPARATIVE DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

ABSTRACT. In this paper, we present a nonrenewable resource model including environmental pollution as a state variable. The model is analyzed to identify some of the characteristics of the optimal paths. In addition, we present a numerical example on the basis of the algebraic solutions of our qualitative model, and identify some of characteristics of the optimal time paths for two sets of social costs of the pollutant. These results are consistent with the proposition of the previous literature that levying the shadow cost of the pollution stock reduces the consumption of resource; hence, it slows the accumulation of the pollutant in the atmosphere. One quirk in the results, however, is that extractions will persist longer in the higher pollution cost scenario. The costate variable for the resource stock is decomposed into a scarcity effect and a cost effect; and the costate variable for the pollution stock is decomposed into an undesirable abundance effect and a cost effect. Both of these, however, are cost effects.     

The average value inequality in sequential effect algebras

A sequential effect algebra （E, 0, 1, ,o） is an effect algebra on which a sequential product o with certain physics properties is defined; in particular, sequential effect algebra is an important model for studying quantum measurement theory. In 2005, Gudder asked the following problem： If a, b E （E, 0, 1, , o） and a⊥b and a o b⊥a o b, is it the case that 2（a o b） ≤ a2 b2 ？ In this paper, we construct an example to answer the problem negatively.     

An improved continuum skin and proximity effect model for hexagonally packed wires

This work presents approximate but closed-form expressions for “effective” complex-valued magnetic permeability and electric conductivity that represent the effects of proximity and skin effect losses in wound coil with hexagonally packed wires. Previous work is extended by providing improved accuracy versus finite element results for effective permeability and by providing an expression for effective conductivity, which was previously neglected. These material properties can then be used in 2D/axisymmetric finite element models in which the coil is modeled as a coarsely meshed, homogeneous region (i.e., removing the need for modeling each turn in the coil).