主动脉弓及分支血管内非稳态血流分析

运用流体力学中的三维非定常Navier-Stokes方程作为血液流动的控制方程,并采用计算流体力学方法对人体主动脉弓及分支血管内非Newton(牛顿)血液黏度模型下血流进行瞬态数值模拟.分析了一个心动周期内不同时刻血流动力学特征参数的分布对动脉粥样硬化斑块形成的影响,并与Newton血液黏度模型下的血管壁面压力和壁面切应力特征参数进行对比.结果表明:与Newton血液模型相比,非Newton血液模型下血流分布更符合真实血流特性;在心动收缩期,分支血管外侧壁附近存在面积较大的低速涡流区,该区域内血管壁面压力与壁面切应力具有较大的变化量,血液中的血小板、脂质和纤维蛋白等易沉积,血管内壁易疲劳损伤并发生血管重构,促使动脉粥样硬化斑块形成;而在心动舒张期,分支血管内血流速度分布均匀,血管壁面压力与壁面切应力变化量较小,血管壁受到较小的应力作用,对动脉粥样硬化斑块形成的作用较小.     

颅内动脉瘤两相血流动力学分析及PIV实验研究

为了探索血液动力学因素对颅内动脉瘤的影响,分析动脉瘤的形成、生长和破裂与血流动力学的关系,为治疗颅内动脉瘤提供技术参考和研究方法.数值模拟部分:依据个体化脑部动脉瘤患者的CT三维重建模型,从计算流体力学的角度出发,将血液假设为血浆和红细胞组成的两相流流体进行瞬态数值模拟.并且与经典牛顿流体与非牛顿流体进行对比.实验部分:利用与数值模拟相同的边界条件进行PIV流场可视化分析.得到一个心跳周期内的血液动力学参数分布情况和相同条件下实验结果.与牛顿流体和非牛顿流体相比,两相流在特征点的血液流速波动更为复杂;在壁面剪切力分布更加不"平滑",红细胞的粒子速率和沉积对颅内动脉瘤有着至关重要的影响,两相流更符合真实血液流动.实验结果证明血液流动会在动脉瘤内部形成低速旋涡区域,并且随着时间的变化旋涡中心不断转移,与数值模拟结果相吻合.     

血液流动模拟方法对比分析

对现有主要血液流动模拟方法进行了对比研究.以单个直血管为研究对象,分别用牛顿单相流模型、非牛顿单相流模型、液固两相流剪切稀化模型、液固两相流颗粒动力学模型和血液两相流修正模型计算了血液流场,然后对比了五种模型模拟得到的血液动力学参数:血液流速、红细胞体积分数、流体粘度和壁面剪切应力.结果表明:血液组成和粘度方程的选择对血液速度场计算结果有明显影响;流体本构方程和升力公式对壁面剪切应力计算结果均有明显影响;液固两相流颗粒动力学模型计算得到的血液粘度远偏离正常的血液粘度,模型不适用于模拟稳态血液流动;血液两相流修正模型可以较准确模拟红细胞在血管内的径向分布及其影响.研究结果可为今后相关研究中血液模拟方法的选择提供指导.     

双向流固耦合作用下狭窄左冠状动脉内两相血流分析

基于血流与血管壁间双向流固耦合作用,将血液设为两相流体,运用计算流体力学方法对左冠状动脉内血流进行瞬态数值模拟.研究了一个心动周期内典型时刻下左冠状动脉内血流分布特性,并与Newton(牛顿)血液和两相血液模型对比,分析了两相血液和流固耦合作用对血流特性的影响.结果表明,左冠状动脉左回旋支远段和钝缘支近心端外侧分布了低速涡流区,该区域内壁面切应力和红细胞体积分数均较小,为动脉粥样硬化的形成与发展提供了合适的生理环境.左冠状动脉分叉处管壁形变量较大,引起管壁内膜功能发生紊乱,促进了粥样硬化斑块的形成.3种血液模型对比可知,红细胞的流动特性对血流速度及壁面切应力等血流动力学特性影响较大,双向流固耦合模型更符合真实的血液流动情况.     

基于无振荡中心格式求解非均匀道路上的多车种LWR交通流模型

将无振荡中心格式推广于多车种LWR交通流模型,给出了一种求解非均匀道路上模型的高分辨率数值方法.为保证格式无振荡,采用非线性限制器近似离散斜率.通量的离散微分可以按分量来近似,使得雅可比矩阵的计算都可以避免.方法具有形式简单、计算量小的优点.应用该方法对信号灯控制等问题进行数值模拟,验证了方法的稳定性和有效性.     

大垂度柔索的动力学建模与仿真

用多刚体-球铰模型对大垂度柔索进行离散化建模,利用多刚体系统动力学理论建立了该模型的动力学方程.采用矩阵广义逆理论对其位移和速度进行修正,以消除该微分-代数方程在数值分析中的违约现象.数值仿真证明了该方法的正确性.     

直接数值模拟／大涡模拟中数值误差影响的研究

通过比较湍流的能谱和总动能,对数值误差(包括混淆误差、离散截断误差)、亚格子模型以及它们之间相互作用对直接数值模拟和大涡模拟的影响进行了系统研究.算例采用了三维各向均匀同性湍流.为了研究复杂几何形状,数值格式采用了谱方法和Pade紧致格式.大涡模型采用了truncated Navior-Stokes(TNS)模型结合Pade离散滤波器.结果表明直接数值模拟中离散误差对结果有很大影响,低阶格式会导致计算发散.而大涡模拟中亚格子模型不仅能表征小尺度对大尺度的影响,而且还缓解了数值误差对计算结果的影响.因而低精度格式也可取得不错的结果.     

基于有限体积法的非结构网格大涡模拟离散方法研究

非结构网格下的大涡模拟是解决复杂几何体高Reynolds(雷诺)数流动的有效途径.首先,基于有限体积法,研究了对流项和扩散项非结构网格下的离散方法.研究结果表明:基于TVD(total variation diminishing)限制器的限制中心差分格式保证了对流项的二阶精度并抑制了非物理振荡,同时,线性迎风格式虽然稳定,但数值耗散过大,且不能保证有界,中心差分格式引起了周期性非物理振荡;扩散项的超松弛非正交修正减小了网格非正交带来的离散误差,但修正系数须根据网格非正交的程度进行合理选取.为验证所述离散方法对大涡模拟的适用性,数值计算了Re=1.14×10~6下的非定常三维小球绕流,计算方法包括:计算网格用基于Delaunay三角剖分和Netgen前沿推进算法的四面体非结构网格;湍流模型用改进的延迟分离涡大涡模型;在离散格式的选取上,对流项用限制中心差分,扩散项加入非正交修正,插值格式用最小二乘法,时间项用二阶后向差分.计算结果表明,所用离散方法稳定收敛并且与实验数据基本吻合.     

具有饱和治疗的离散SEIS结核病模型的动力学性态

研究了一类具有饱和治疗的离散SEIS传染病模型的动力学性态.利用再生矩阵的方法定义了模型的基本再生数,直接计算得到了无病平衡点和地方病平衡点的存在性;利用线性化矩阵和Jury判据讨论了平衡点的稳定性;并讨论了模型可能发生的后向分支现象,也通过数值模拟展示了模型的动力学性态.     

非光滑最优控制问题的一种数值解法

针对非光滑最优控制问题提出一种分段数值解法.首先对问题进行全局拟谱离散,然后选取分点,将时间区域进行剖分,在每段区域上对问题进行离散,离散过程采用Chebyshev-Legendre拟谱方法,可以有效借助快速Legendre变换提高算法的运算效率,比现有算法在很大程度上节省了计算时间.给出了相关的理论分析,数值结果表明方法的高精度和有效性.     

A REPRESENTATION FORMULA RELATED TO SCHR(O)DINGER OPERATORS

Schr(o)dinger operator is a central subject in the mathematical study of quantum mechanics.Consider the Schrodinger operator H = -△ V on R, where △ = d2/dx2 and the potential function V is real valued. In Fourier analysis, it is well-known that a square integrable function admits an expansion with exponentials as eigenfunctions of -△. A natural conjecture is that an L2 function admits a similar expansion in terms of "eigenfunctions" of H, a perturbation of the Laplacian (see [7], Ch. Ⅺ and the notes), under certain condition on V.     

On a class of self-similar processes with stationary increments in higher order Wiener chaoses

We study a class of self-similar processes with stationary increments belonging to higher order Wiener chaoses which are similar to Hermite processes. We obtain an almost sure wavelet-like expansion of these processes. This allows us to compute the pointwise and local Hölder regularity of sample paths and to analyse their behaviour at infinity. We also provide some results on the Hausdorff dimension of the range and graphs of multidimensional anisotropic self-similar processes with stationary increments defined by multiple Wiener–Itô integrals.     

On a class of Riemann surfaces

It is considered the class of Riemann surfaces with dimT1 = 0, where T1 is a subclass of exact harmonic forms which is one of the factors in the orthogonal decomposition of the spaceΩH of harmonic forms of the surface, namely The surfaces in the class OHD and the class of planar surfaces satisfy dimT1 = 0. A.Pfluger posed the question whether there might exist other surfaces outside those two classes. Here it is shown that in the case of finite genus g, we should look for a surface S with dimT1 = 0 among the surfaces of the form Sg\K , where Sg is a closed surface of genus g and K a compact set of positive harmonic measure with perfect components and very irregular boundary.     

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 30

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Instructions for contributions

正Applied Mathematics-A Journal of Chinese Universities,Series B(Appl.Math.J.Chinese Univ.,Ser.B)is a comprehensive applied mathematics journal jointly sponsored by Zhejiang University,China Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics,and Springer-Verlag.It is a quarterly journal with     

Journal of Mathematical Research with Applications Guide for Authors

正Journal overview:Journal of Mathematical Research with Applications(JMRA),formerly Journal of Mathematical Research and Exposition(JMRE)created in 1981,one of the transactions of China Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics,is a home for original research papers of the highest quality in all areas of mathematics with applications.The target audience comprises:pure and applied mathematicians,graduate students in broad fields of sciences and technology,scientists and engineers interested in mathematics.     

Staircase transportation problems with superadditive rewards and cumulative capacities

A cumulative-capacitated transportation problem is studied. The supply nodes and demand nodes are each chains. Shipments from a supply node to a demand node are possible only if the pair lies in a sublattice, or equivalently, in a staircase disjoint union of rectangles, of the product of the two chains. There are (lattice) superadditive upper bounds on the cumulative flows in all leading subrectangles of each rectangle. It is shown that there is a greatest cumulative flow formed by the natural generalization of the South-West Corner Rule that respects cumulative-flow capacities; it has maximum reward when the rewards are (lattice) superadditive; it is integer if the supplies, demands and capacities are integer; and it can be calculated myopically in linear time. The result is specialized to earlier work of Hoeffding (1940), Fréchet (1951), Lorentz (1953), Hoffman (1963) and Barnes and Hoffman (1985). Applications are given to extreme constrained bivariate distributions, optimal distribution with limited one-way product substitution and, generalizing results of Derman and Klein (1958), optimal sales with age-dependent rewards and capacities.To our friend, Philip Wolfe, with admiration and affection, on the occasion of his 65th birthday.Research was supported respectively by the IBM T.J. Watson and IBM Almaden Research Centers and is a minor revision of the IBM Research Report [6].