基于压力变化的低温储罐日蒸发率研究

通过进行低温储罐静置试验,研究不同液位条件下罐内压力随时间的变化,根据低温介质物性方程和储罐容积公式,计算得到不同液位条件下储罐日蒸发率.结果表明,静置过程中罐内压力随时间呈线性变化,压力上升速率随液位降低而逐渐增加.日蒸发率随时间动态变化,储罐液位越低日蒸发率越大.当储罐液位从85％降低至12％时,压力上升速率变为原...     

低温液体贮箱蒸发率影响因素研究

理论分析了低温贮箱的热性能,计算并对比了低温贮箱各部分漏热情况。通过在静置状态下的蒸发率实验,测量了一定时间内的低温液体蒸发量,以此计算了液氮工质的蒸发率以及外部总漏热量,并与计算值进行了对比。通过制冷机降低贮箱内气相温度,结果表明,气枕压力及蒸发率随气相空间温度减小能够有效降低。     

LNG储罐日蒸发率测量方法及计算

日蒸发率是衡量LNG储罐绝热性能的重要指标,有效了解储罐日蒸发率,将有利于LNG储罐安全运行的维护。结合储罐日蒸发率的定义和标准,根据实际操作情况,给出了几种测量LNG储罐日蒸发率的方法及其计算公式,并论述了各种测量方法的适用性和工艺条件。     

环境压力对低温绝热气瓶蒸发率修正的试验研究

主要研究了环境压力对低温容器蒸发率的影响。在理论分析的基础上,使用容积为180L高真空多层绝热的低温容器,以液氮作为充装介质对5组不同环境压力下的蒸发气体量进行测量。结果表明,容器的蒸发率随环境压力的升高而增大,汽化潜热的是影响蒸发率变化的主要因素。为修正大气压力对低温容器蒸发率的影响起到了参考作用。     

低温储罐气相空间漏热的理论研究

低温液体在储罐内的无损储存时间是低温储运过程中非常值得关心的一个问题,而漏热量的准确确定是预测无损储存时间的关键因素。使用了大空间自然对流换热模型,对气相空间的漏热进行了研究,在此基础上,提出新的无量纲数G l。并在总结分析的基础上给出了适合工程应用的气相漏热计算公式和气相漏热实用估算表。     

低温阀门冷态试验的稳态传热模拟与分析

利用有限元分析软件ANSYS对为控制20 K温度的氦气而设计的低温阀门在正常运行和冷态试验状态下的温度场进行模拟与分析。针对冷态试验状态下拉杆处出现冻结的问题,提出在上阀体处添加绝热层的方案,通过进一步的模拟计算预测其改进的效果。     

低温光学系统漏热测试方法及试验研究

低温组件的漏热量准确测试对低温光学系统的设计有着重要影响。以工作温度为200K的干涉仪光学组件为研究对象,建立了一套漏热测试方法和热控方案,简化了辐射换热计算过程,通过对热真空试验数据的分析计算出了各项漏热值,分析了影响漏热的主要因素和主要漏热部位,给出了减小系统漏热的改进方案。     

小型高真空多层绝热杜瓦日蒸发率性能研究

日蒸发率是评价高真空多层绝热杜瓦保冷性能最重要的技术参数。该文对日蒸发率的影响因素进行了总结,重点介绍了储存压力和环境温度对日蒸发率的影响。以充满率为90%的210L小型杜瓦为例,测试了日蒸发率的变化规律。结果表明,杜瓦的日蒸发率与储存压力成正比,同时日蒸发率的波动随着储存压力的升高而增大,且环境温度对日蒸发率的影响出现延迟。     

大型液氦杜瓦结构设计与漏热分析

为了维持较低的液氦蒸发率,对液氦杜瓦的整体结构设计及漏热要求极高。本文建立了以蒸发冷氦气作为冷屏冷源的杜瓦的结构强度设计以及绝热系统设计方法,利用三维软件建模、仿真软件进行热传导、热固耦合仿真分析,对液氦杜瓦的结构强度、漏热进行了系统分析,实现了容积为4 000 L时漏热为1.37 W、日蒸发率为1.15%气冷屏结构的液氦杜瓦,为蒸发氦气为冷屏的大型液氦杜瓦提供了设计思路。     

液氢储罐用奥氏体不锈钢低温冲击试验研究

地面液氢储罐多采用奥氏体不锈钢作为受压元件。目前普遍采用液氮低温冲击试验测定冲击吸收能量和侧向膨胀量,并作为储罐生产中的质量控制标准,缺乏真实介质液氢温区下的冲击试验数据的支撑。本文选择不同牌号的奥氏体不锈钢材,并分别制取母材、焊缝、热影响区不同部位的试样开展液氮温度下和液氦温度下的低温冲击试验,测定了试样的冲击吸收能量和侧向膨胀量,并对试验数值进行了对比、分析。可参照数值进行定性和定量评估,合理选择储罐材料。     

Steady state Behaviour of a Three level Ladder Atomic System with Incoherent Population Pumping in a Squeezed Vacuum

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无磁杜瓦粘接接头真空性能的实验研究

采用氦质谱仪测量了不同工况下 ,铝、玻璃钢和不锈钢等材料间螺纹粘接接头处的漏率 ,结果表明螺纹接头可以得到很好的真空性能 ,可以满足无磁杜瓦的技术要求     

真空条件下LiCl溶液蒸发量随浓度变化规律研究

除湿溶液再生是除湿空调系统的核心过程,为了提高除湿溶液再生效率,以蒸发量作为评价标准,在不同的真空度下对不同浓度LiCl溶液进行再生。对不同再生条件下,溶液的再生情况进行数学模拟及实验研究,并将模拟结果与实验结果进行对比分析,结果表明,实验结果同模拟结果具有相同的变化趋势。在6 kPa和8 kPa的压强下,LiCl溶液的蒸发量随浓度的增大先上升后下降,而在1 kPa的压强下,LiCl溶液的蒸发量随浓度的增大呈现出先下降再升高接着又下降的趋势。     

电子俘获材料的红外最小可激发阈值

A study is made of the steady-state populations of a three-level ladder atom in a squeezed vacuum, driven by a superposition of a monochromatic laser wave with incoherent population pumping. Using the density matrix equations for the system, the steady-state populations are calculated numerically and shown graphically as functions of two-photon detuning for various cases of the squeezed vacuum and different incoherent pump rates. It is shown that the incoherent population pumping tends to greatly decrease the two-photon absorption from the squeezed vacuum.     

斜入射泵浦等离子体状态研究

 研究了作用在靶介质上的斜入射泵浦激光,对产生的靶等离子体状态以及激光增益区的影响。研究结果表明,等离子体状态和激光增益区随入射角θ0 (20(变化而变化。当θ0≤20°时这种变化不大。当θ0约30°时等离子体状态和激光增益区有比较明显的变化。当θ0≥40°时, 状态有很大的变化,严重影响激光增益和放大。     

The number of least degrees of freedom required for a polarization controller to transform any state of polarization to any other output covering the entire Poincaré sphere

Using two typical types of polarization controller, this paper analyses theoretically and experimentally the fact that it is necessary to adjust at least three instead of two waveplates in order to transform any state of polarization to any other output covering the entire Poincar\'{e} sphere. The experimental results are exactly in accordance with the theory discussed in this paper. It has corrected the conventional and inaccurate point of view that two waveplates of a polarization controller are adequate to complete the transformation of state of polarization.     

Analytical Study of Pair Production Rate from Vacuum in an Elliptic Polarized Field by a Two-Level Transition Technique

Electron-positron pair production rate created from vacuum in the presence of an elliptically polarized laser field is investigated.By applying the technique of two level transition amplitude,a routine for obtaining pair production rate is presented,and approximate analytical expressions are given both for the low frequency strong field regime and the high frequency weak field regime.We found that for an elliptically polarized field,the electron-positron pair production rate decrease when the elliptic eccentricity increase in the high frequency weak field regime,however,in the low frequency strong field regime,there is almost the same electron-positron pair production rate as in the constant electric field case.     

Dependence of Lasing Efficiency on Excitation Frequency in the Pumping of a Rhodamine 6G Solution by Laser Pulses of Microsecond Duration

We have revealed an anomalous dependence of the lasing characteristics of an ethanol solution of rhodamine 6G on the spectral composition of the exciting radiation due to the structure of the excited singlet-singlet absorption spectra and the absorption spectra of short-lived photoexcitation products. Elucidation of the influence of the indicated characteristics makes it possible to select optimum pumping spectra and increase the efficiency and stability of the spectral characteristics of dye-laser systems operating in the microsecond and nanosecond wavelength ranges.     

微腔中单量子点的激光输出特性研究

研究一个四能级量子点耦合到单模光学腔中的量子系统,利用系统的主方程作数值模拟计算微腔中单量子点的激光输出强度随非相干泵浦的变化关系.结果显示量子点在泵浦作用下激光的输出有一个阈值;且量子点和腔模耦合强度增强时,产生激光的阈值明显减小,输出激光的峰值却增大.当泵浦作用继续增强到一定程度,因激光能级间的相干性被过强的非相干泵浦所破坏,单量子点激光输出变为零----出现了淬灭现象.     

Study of the stability of polarization mode dispersion in fibre

Polarization mode dispersion (PMD) is the ultimate limitation to high bit-rate fibre communication system. The stability of PMD is very important to its measurement and compensation. This paper puts forward a method to measure the stability of PMD by measuring the stability of the state of polarization (SOP) and introduces the conception of time evolution vector (TEV) of SOP. We observe the fact that the regularity of the principal state of polarization changing with time is the same as other SOPs‘‘, if we neglect the dependence of TEV on wavelength. We also measure the SOP‘‘s stability of some fibres with different lengths, and obtain results of PMD changing with time.