Generalized dromions of the (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrdinger equations

IntroductionMost of the mathematical work in the realm of nonlinear phenomena refers to integrablenonlinear equation and their exact soluted. The existence of more generalized locajized solutions for the (2+l)-dimensional KdV ~boil] and the (2+1)-dimensional breaking solitonequationl'] apart from the basic dro~ ~.sl3'41 has given an impetus to search for amore general class of localized sol~ in Oafs (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equations. Recelltlyt stating from the symmeq constraint…     

Exact soliton solutions of a D-dimensional nonlinear Schr?dinger equation with damping and diffusive terms

In the present study, we apply function transformation methods to the D-dimensional nonlinear Schr?dinger (NLS) equation with damping and diffusive terms. As special cases, this method applies to the sine-Gordon, sinh-Gordon, and other equations. Also, the results show that these equations depend on only one function that can be obtained analytically by solving an ordinary differential equation. Furthermore, certain exact solutions of these three equations are shown to lead to the exact soliton solutions of a D-dimensional NLS equation with damping and diffusive terms. Finally, our results imply that the planar solitons, N multiple solitons, propagational breathers, and quadric solitons are solutions to the sine-Gordon, sinh-Gordon, and D-dimensional NLS equations.     

New interaction property of (2 + 1)-dimensional localized excitations from Darboux transformation

Using the binary Darboux transformation for the (2 + 1)-dimensional dispersive long wave equation, the “universal” variable separable formula is extended in a different way. From the extended formula, much more abundant localized excitations with arbitrary boundary conditions for the dispersive long wave equation can be obtained. The results obtained via the multi-linear variable separation approach are only a special case of the first step binary Darboux transformation. Two special interacting solutions are explicitly given. Especially, one of the examples exhibits a new interacting phenomenon: a localized solitary wave (dromion) can force an extended wave (solitoff) go back.     

Exact soliton solutions of a D-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation with damping and diffusive terms

In the present study, we apply function transformation methods to the D-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation with damping and diffusive terms. As special cases, this method applies to the sine-Gordon, sinh-Gordon, and other equations. Also, the results show that these equations depend on only one function that can be obtained analytically by solving an ordinary differential equation. Furthermore, certain exact solutions of these three equations are shown to lead to the exact soliton solutions of a D-dimensional NLS equation with damping and diffusive terms. Finally, our results imply that the planar solitons, N multiple solitons, propagational breathers, and quadric solitons are solutions to the sine-Gordon, sinh-Gordon, and D-dimensional NLS equations.     

Dromion solutions for dispersive long-wave equations in two space dimensions

By using the homogeneous balance method, we show that the dromion solutions exist for the (2+1)-dimensional dispersive long-wave equations. It is conjectured that the method used here can be generalized to a class of nonlinear evolution equation. The method here is very concise and primary.     

Traveling-Wave Solutions of the Calogero-Degasperis-Fokas Equation in 2+1 Dimensions

Soliton solutions are among the more interesting solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional integrable Calogero-Degasperis-Fokas (CDF) equation. We previously derived a complete group classiffication for the CDF equation in 2+1 dimensions. Using classical Lie symmetries, we now consider traveling-wave reductions with a variable velocity depending on an arbitrary function. The corresponding solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional equation involve up to three arbitrary smooth functions. The solutions consequently exhibit a rich variety of qualitative behaviors. Choosing the arbitrary functions appropriately, we exhibit solitary waves and bound states.__________Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 144, No. 1, pp. 44–55, July, 2005.     

Soliton interactions of integrable models

The solution of integrable (n+1)-dimensional KdV system in bilinear form yields a dromion solution that is localized in all directions. The interactions between two dromions are studied both in analytical and in numerical for three (n+1)-dimensional KdV-type equations (n=1, 2, 3). The same interactive properties between two dromions (solitons) are revealed for these models. The interactions between two dromions (solitons) may be elastic or inelastic for different form of solutions.     

Traveling-Wave Solutions of the Schwarz–Korteweg–de Vries Equation in 2+1 Dimensions and the Ablowitz–Kaup–Newell–Segur Equation Through Symmetry Reductions

One of the more interesting solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional integrable Schwarz–Korteweg–de Vries (SKdV) equation is the soliton solutions. We previously derived a complete group classification for the SKdV equation in 2+1 dimensions. Using classical Lie symmetries, we now consider traveling-wave reductions with a variable velocity depending on the form of an arbitrary function. The corresponding solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional equation involve up to three arbitrary smooth functions. Consequently, the solutions exhibit a rich variety of qualitative behaviors. In particular, we show the interaction of a Wadati soliton with a line soliton. Moreover, via a Miura transformation, the SKdV is closely related to the Ablowitz–Kaup–Newell–Segur (AKNS) equation in 2+1 dimensions. Using classical Lie symmetries, we consider traveling-wave reductions for the AKNS equation in 2+1 dimensions. It is interesting that neither of the (2+1)-dimensional integrable systems considered admit Virasoro-type subalgebras.     

Localized waves and interaction solutions to an extended (3+1)-dimensional Jimbo–Miwa equation

Based on Hirota bilinear method, four kinds of localized waves, solitons, breathers, lumps and rogue waves of the extended (3+1)-dimensional Jimbo–Miwa equation are constructed. Breathers are obtained through choosing appropriate parameters on soliton solutions, while lumps and rogue waves are derived via the long wave limit on the soliton solutions. The energy, phase shift, shape, and propagation direction of these localized waves can be influenced and controlled by parameters. Considering mixed cases of the above four types of solutions, we also give many kinds of interaction solutions in the same plane with different parameters or different planes with the same parameters. Dynamical characteristics of these localized waves and interaction solutions are further analyzed and vividly demonstrated through figures.     

Rational and semi‐rational solutions of a nonlocal (2 + 1)‐dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation

We consider the fully parity‐time (PT) symmetric nonlocal (2 + 1)‐dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation with respect to x and y. By using Hirota's bilinear method, we derive the N‐soliton solutions of the nonlocal NLS equation. By using the resulting N‐soliton solutions and employing long wave limit method, we derive its nonsingular rational solutions and semi‐rational solutions. The rational solutions act as the line rogue waves. The semi‐rational solutions mean different types of combinations in rogue waves, breathers, and periodic line waves. Furthermore, in order to easily understand the dynamic behaviors of the nonlocal NLS equation, we display some graphics to analyze the characteristics of these solutions.     

New variable separation excitations of (2 + 1)-dimensional dispersive long-water wave system obtained by an extended mapping approach

By means of an extended mapping approach, a new type of variable separation excitation with three arbitrary functions of the (2 + 1)-dimensional dispersive long-water wave system (DLW) is derived. Based on the derived variable separation excitation, abundant localized structures such as dromion, ring, peakon and foldon etc. are re-revealed by selecting appropriate functions in this paper.     

The Calogero–Bogoyavlenskii–Schiff Equation in 2+1 Dimensions

We use the classical and nonclassical methods to obtain symmetry reductions and exact solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional integrable Calogero–Bogoyavlenskii–Schiff equation. Although this (2+1)-dimensional equation arises in a nonlocal form, it can be written as a system of differential equations and, in potential form, as a fourth-order partial differential equation. The classical and nonclassical methods yield some exact solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional equation that involve several arbitrary functions and hence exhibit a rich variety of qualitative behavior.     

Symmetry group analysis and similarity solutions of the CBS equation in (2+1) dimensions

We consider the (2+1)—dimensional integrable Calogero—Bogoyavlenskii—Schiff (CBS) written in a potential form. By using classical Lie symmetries, we consider travelling-wave reductions with variable velocity depending on the form of an arbitrary function. The corresponding solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional equation involve arbitrary smooth functions. Consequently the solutions exhibit a rich variety of qualitative behaviours. Indeed by making adequate choices for the arbitrary functions, we exhibit solitary waves and bound states. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Exotic localized structures based on variable separation solution of (2 + 1)-dimensional KdV equation via the extended tanh-function method

In this paper, firstly, we obtain the variable separation solutions of (2 + 1)-dimensional KdV equation by the extended tanh-function method (ETM) based on mapping method. Novel localized coherent structures about multi-valued functions, i.e. special dromion, special peakon and foldon, and the interactions among them, are discussed. The interactions between two special dromions and between two special peakons possess novel property, that is, there exists a multi-valued foldon in the process of their collision, which is different from the reported cases in previous literature. Moreover, the explicit phase shifts for all the local excitations offered by the quantity u have been given, and are applied to these novel interactions in detail.     

New families of exact soliton-like solutions and dromion solutions to the (2+1)-dimensional higher-order Broer–Kaup equations

Using homogeneous balance method we obtain Bäcklund transformation (BT) and a linear partial differential equation of higher-order Broer–Kaup equations. As a result, new soliton-like solutions and new dromion solution and other exact solutions of (2 + 1)-dimensional higher-order Broer–Kaup equations are given. By analyzing a soliton-like solution, we get some dromions solutions. This method, which can be generalized to some (2 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equations, is simple and powerful.     

New variable separation solutions and nonlinear phenomena for the (2+1)-dimensional modified Korteweg–de Vries equation

Variable separation approach, which is a powerful approach in the linear science, has been successfully generalized to the nonlinear science as nonlinear variable separation methods. The (2 + 1)-dimensional modified Korteweg–de Vries (mKdV) equation is hereby investigated, and new variable separation solutions are obtained by the truncated Painlevé expansion method and the extended tanh-function method. By choosing appropriate functions for the solution involving three low-dimensional arbitrary functions, which is derived by the truncated Painlevé expansion method, two kinds of nonlinear phenomena, namely, dromion reconstruction and soliton fission phenomena, are discussed.     

Painlevé analysis,lump-kink solutions and localized excitation solutions for the (3+1)-dimensional Boiti–Leon–Manna–Pempinelli equation

In this paper the (3+1)-dimensional Boiti–Leon–Manna–Pempinelli (BLMP) equation is investigated. The integrability test is performed yielding a positive result. Through the Painlevé–Bäcklund transformation, we derive four types of lump-kink solutions composed of two quadratic functions and N exponential functions. It is shown that fission and fusion interactions occur in the lump-kink solutions. Furthermore, a new variable separation solution with two arbitrary functions is obtained, the localized excitations including lumps, dromions and periodic waves are analyzed by some graphs.     

New solutions of the Schwarzian Korteweg-de Vries equation in 2+1 dimensions based on weak symmetries

We consider the (2+1)-dimensional integrable Schwarzian Korteweg-de Vries equation. Using weak symmetries, we obtain a system of partial differential equations in 1+1 dimensions. Further reductions lead to second-order ordinary differential equations that provide new solutions expressible in terms of known functions. These solutions depend on two arbitrary functions and one arbitrary solution of the Riemann wave equation and cannot be obtained by classical or nonclassical symmetries. Some of the obtained solutions of the Schwarzian Korteweg-de Vries equation exhibit a wide variety of qualitative behaviors; traveling waves and soliton solutions are among the most interesting. __________ Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 151, No. 3, pp. 380–390, June, 2007.     

Study on the behavior of oscillating solitons using the (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear system

By means of an extended homogeneous balance method and a variable separation hypothesis, a broad general variable separation solution with three specific arbitrary functions of the nonlinear (2+1)-dimensional Broer-Kaup (BK) equations was derived. Based on the derived solution, a number of abundant oscillating solitons, such as dromion, multi-dromion, solitoff, ring, multi-lump and so on, have been revealed in this study by selecting appropriate functions of the general variable separation solution.     

（3＋1）维破碎孤子方程的变量分离解和局域激发模式

多线性分离变量法已成功地应用于诸多（2＋1）维非线性可积系统.将该方法拓展运用于（3＋1）维破碎孤子方程中,获得了含任意函数的变量分离解.通过适当地设定任意函数的形式,得到了（3＋1）维破碎孤子方程丰富的局域激发模式.