新型螺旋梅花形孔板换热器热力性能仿真计算

依据涡旋流动强化传热技术,变传统直流道的梅花形支撑孔板为螺旋流道的梅花形支撑孔板,进而设计出一种新型螺旋梅花形孔板换热器,建立了相应的数学模型,并对其传热与流动特性进行了仿真计算。通过与梅花形孔板换热器的对比分析,展示了新型换热器壳程强化换热机理,并进一步探索了螺旋流道的螺旋角对新型换热器的影响。计算结果表明:在研究范围内,新型换热器壳程平均对流换热系数高于传统换热器,但同时壳程压降也相对应增加,在一定雷诺数范围内新型换热器综合性能参数优于传统换热器。当螺旋角为27°、雷诺数小于19672时,其综合性能比传统换热器较佳;探究了不同螺旋角的影响,发现螺旋角越大,新型换热器压降越大,同时换热能力也越强。     

双壳程连续螺旋折流板换热器的数值模拟

本文提出了一种新型的双壳程连续螺旋折流板换热器。采用数值模拟方法对双壳程、单壳程连续螺折流板换热器,以及弓形折流板换热器壳侧流动与传热持性进行了对比研究。结果表明,同质量流量和对流换热系数近似相等的情况下,双壳程连续螺旋折流板换热器壳程压降比弓形折流板换热器低17.7%～23.5%,同质量流量和壳程压降近似相等的情况下,其对流换热系数比单壳程连续螺旋折流板换热器高7.1%～12.6%。     

叉流式新风换热器数值模拟

换热器是新风系统的核心部件,以某品牌新风换热器为模型,对该换热器进行数值模型,分析换热过程中换热和流动特性,以及流速、流道高度对换热性能的影响。建立不同流道高度时新风侧温差、压差、努塞尔数、阻力系数、综合传热性能因子随速度的变化关系。发现在换热器内存在"换热死区",随速度增加"换热死区"范围增大,在流速0.5m/s～1.6m/s、流道高度3mm～5mm范围内,增加流速可提高换热能力、减小阻力系数,但压降同样增加;相同速度时,提高流道高度不仅提高了换热性能,还减小了压降。     

基于导向型折流栅的换热器壳程强化传热数值模拟

为解决管壳式换热器传热性能提升的同时伴随流体流动阻力增加的矛盾,提出了壳程流体"斜向流"的新概念,开发了具有导向型折流栅管束支撑结构的新型高效节能斜向流换热器,证明了在该类换热器壳程中流体速度场与温度梯度场具有良好的协同关系,具有显著的强化传热和降低流阻的性能。对其几何结构对传热和压降的影响规律进行了数值模拟研究,为其工程设计和推广应用提供了参考依据。     

斜向流换热器壳程流场均匀化研究

传统弓形折流板换热器壳程流体横向流动时存在流动阻力和传热死区大等缺点。为克服上述不足,研究开发了一种新型高效节能的斜向流管壳式换热器,采用导向型折流栅替代传统弓形折流板,倾斜流道内流体斜向冲刷换热管束。考察和对比了斜向流换热器和弓形折流板换热器壳程主流区的流体流速分布和变化规律,证实了导向型折流栅具有显著的控涡均化壳程流场和提高壳程流体整体流速的作用,有助于减小壳程压降,增大有效换热面积,为管壳式换热器结构改良提供了参考依据。     

污垢对换热器影响最小化策略研究

随着污垢在传热表面上积聚,传热热阻增加,传热效率降低;流道表面的粗糙度增加,摩擦系数增大,流体的流通截面积减小,引起流体流速增加,压力降增大.以污垢影响下换热器进出口流体属性的外在表现、流体流态参数作为分析对象,对计及污垢影响下的传热性能及管、壳程压降进行了分析及讨论,分析研究并确定了换热器污垢影响最小化策略,为工程师设计、操作换热器时降低污垢带来的负面影响提供理论依据.     

组合式多壳程螺旋折流板管壳式换热器数值模拟研究

本文采用数值模拟方法对内壳程为非连续螺旋折流板的组合式螺旋折流板和单壳程弓形折流板管壳式换热器壳侧流动换热特性进行对比研究,结果表明:相同壳程质量流量和相同换热量条件下,组合式两壳程螺旋折流板换热器的压损比弓形折流板换热器降低14.6%;相同壳程质量流量条件下,组合式两壳程螺旋折流板换热器单位压降下换热量比弓形折流板换热器提高10.8%.     

纵流壳程换热器壳程近壁区流场和温度场数值研究

对新型纵流壳程换热器壳程近壁局部区域的流场和温度场进行了数值模拟研究,总结了换热器横截面内各换热管壁面对流传热系数与换热管距壳体轴心距离的关系,分析了近壁区域非规则流道内流体对流传热系数较壳体中心主流区内规则流道大的原因,为换热器壳程内关键局部区域流体流动和传热状况的改善以及进一步的结构优化提供了直观依据.提出的纵流壳程换热器周期性全截面计算模型,为发现和解决换热器中与局部位置流体流动和传热细节相关的深层次问题提供了良好的辅助手段.     

单向开缝翅片管换热器传热与阻力特性试验研究

通过模化试验研究了翅片间距对单向开缝翅片管换热器翅片侧流动、传热特性的影响。结果表明:在翅片间距为2.1～2.5mm范围内,当Re<2700时,减小翅片间距能提高单向开缝翅片管换热器的传热性能,当Re>2700时,增大翅片间距能提高其传热性能;单向开缝翅片管换热器翅片侧的阻力随翅片间距的增大而减小;增大翅片间距能提高单向开缝翅片管换热器的综合性能。     

双螺旋与中间搭接螺旋折流板换热器性能研究

采用数值模拟方法研究了40°螺旋角时螺旋折流板换热器双螺旋和中间搭接两种折流板布置形式对壳程性能与螺旋流动的影响,并与30°和40°螺旋角时单螺旋连续搭接结构的进行了对比.结果表明,40°螺旋角时双螺旋和中间搭接结构会强化壳程流体的螺旋流动,使同流量下壳程换热系数与压降增加,但同压降下的换热系数显著下降且均低于30°螺...     

A Three-Terminal Quantum Well Heat Engine with Heat Leakage

We propose a model for a three-terminal quantum well heat engine with heat leakage. According to the Landauer formula, the expressions for the charge current, the heat current, the power output and the efficiency are derived in the linear-response regime. The curves of the power output and the efficiency versus the positions of energy levels and the bias voltage are plotted by numerical calculation. Moreover, we obtain the maximum power output and the corresponding efficiency, and analyze the influence of the heat leakage factor, the positions of energy levels and the bias voltage on these performance parameters.     

Study on Heat Transfer Performance of Skin Heat Exchanger

Cooling technology is facing new challenges with the increase of electronic equipment power onboard aircraft. The traditional heat sink based on high-altitude bleed air does not satisfy this increase of cooling demands. In this article, an air/air-type skin heat exchanger is studied for cooling aircraft electronic equipment. It uses outside high-altitude cold air rather than bleed air as a heat sink. This cooling technology can effectively remove the heat load of high-power electronic devices without greatly increasing aircraft performance penalty. To assess its high-altitude heat transfer performance, an experimental prototype was designed and made. Some experiments were conducted on a ground experimental test. The heat transfer criteria formulas were obtained for both the side air in the skin heat exchanger and its convective heat transfer coefficients. Based on these experimental analyses, the heat transfer performances of the skin heat exchanger in a high-altitude cruise condition are deduced when it is assumed to be installed at an unfavorable position and a favorable position, separately. This work tries to provide a technical support for its future onboard application.     

Heat Conduction Networks

We study networks of interacting oscillators, driven at the boundary by heat baths at possibly different temperatures. A set of first elementary questions are discussed concerning the uniqueness of a stationary possibly Gibbsian density and the nature of the entropy production and the local heat currents. We also derive a Carnot efficiency relation for the work that can be extracted from the heat engine.     

Noncommutative Heat Kernel

Schrödinger operators on Sobolev spaces are considered as new solvable models with point interactions. A simple formula for the deficiency indices of a minimal Schrödinger operator with point interactions is given. Examples of point interactions on the space W₂¹( ³) are constructed.Mathematical Subject Classification (2000). 37J10, 47A10     

图解热传导

在热传导过程中,高温物体放热,低温物体吸热,在不计热损失时,高温物体放出的热量等于低温物体吸收的热量,高温物体放热降温,低温物体吸热升温,当高温物体的温度和低温物体的温度相等时热传导停止.     

热交换器表面镀层对传热性能的影响

采用化学镀的方法对热交换器表面进行表面改性,使其换热表面沉积一层表面能不同的均匀镀层。传热实验表明,随着磷含量的增大,凝结传热系数增大。进一步可视化实验研究表明,镀层换热表面均表现为珠膜共存状态,增大镀层的磷含量,换热表面促进珠状凝结的效果更加明显。这归于镀层降低了传热表面的表面能值。     

分离式热管换热器传热特性的实验研究

本文在自行设计分离式热管实验装置的基础上,对其传热特性进行了实验研究。其工作温度为170～250℃,热流密度为25～50 kW/m~2。蒸发段和冷凝段构成相同,均是由7根直径30 mm的无缝钢管短管束组成,管长为160 mm,带有紧套的钢帛环形肋片结构尺寸为:外径45 mm、厚1 mm、片间距4 mm。实验结果表明,在本实验条件下,分离式热管的最佳充液率按管束总容量计为18%～38%。根据实验结果拟合了最佳充液率(24%)下蒸发段内部平均沸腾换热系数和冷凝段内部凝结换热努塞尔数综合关系式。